（備考詞匯專攻）中考英語(yǔ)小復(fù)習(xí) 211220（10份10組專題）.doc

（備考詞匯專攻）2015屆中考英語(yǔ)小復(fù)習(xí) 211-220（10份10組專題）211hare/ rabbit. hare “野兔”比rabbit大，不打洞棲身。如： that is a hare. 那是只野兔。. rabbit 指“野兔”時(shí)，比hare小，不打洞棲身。它也可指家兔。如 i saw a rabbit hole. 我看到一個(gè)野兔洞。 he came back with a couple of rabbits and a hare. 他帶了一對(duì)家兔和一只野兔回來(lái)。212harm/ hurt. harm 與hurt 均有“傷害”之意，但二者有區(qū)別： harm 用面較廣，往往暗示“不良的后果”， 所指?jìng)ν浅橄?、籠統(tǒng)的。 hurt 往往暗示“肉體上疼痛或精神上的不快”其賓語(yǔ)常常是身體上一部分的名詞，所指的傷害是具體的?？梢?jiàn)的。 the nose of machines harmed their hearing.機(jī)器的噪聲傷害了他們的聽(tīng)力。 he hurt his back when he fell. 他跌倒時(shí)傷了背。213have been to / have been in / have gone to. have been to 表示：“曾經(jīng)到過(guò)某處”但目前人未在那兒。如： where have you been? 你到哪兒去了？（現(xiàn)在已回來(lái)）i have been to beijing. 我去北京了。（現(xiàn)不在北京） i have never been there before, have i? 我以前從未去過(guò)那兒，是嗎？. have been in 表示：“去了某地，并曾在那兒（一段時(shí)間），或現(xiàn)在仍在那兒。 she has been in shanghai for a few weeks. . have gone to 表示：“去了”指人已經(jīng)走了，（至少目前不在說(shuō)話的地點(diǎn)，在去的途中或已經(jīng)到目的地）。如： kate isnt at home, she has gome to school. 凱特不在家，她上學(xué)去了。（在路上或已經(jīng)在學(xué)校了）。 she isnt here, she has gone to nanjing. 她不在這兒，她去南京了。214have sth done/ have sb done/have sb do sth/ have sb(sth) doing/ have sb(sth) +prep . have sth done “讓某事被做”如：ill have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要去理發(fā)。（讓別人理）。. have sh done?！白屇橙吮弧比纾篽e had me whipped. 他叫人用鞭子打我。（讓別人打）. have sb do sth. “讓某人做某事”如：i will have uncle wang repair my tv. 我要讓王叔叔修理我的電視機(jī)。. have sb./ sth. doing “讓某人/ 某物處于某種狀態(tài)。如： dont have the students studying all day. 別整天讓學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)。 they had the machine working all day and all night. 他們讓這機(jī)器整日整夜地工作。. have sb./ sth. +介詞短語(yǔ)或副詞，如： the teacher had her students in the classroom.老師讓學(xué)生留在教室里。 have her here! 讓她到這兒來(lái)。215have to / must. have to “必須”往往著重于客觀的需要，含有不得不的意味。如： do you have to see a doctor today? 你今天要去看醫(yī)生嗎？ it was late and we have to stay at home. 時(shí)間已晚，我們只得呆在家里。. must “必須 ”往往著重于主觀上認(rèn)為有義務(wù)，有必要。如： we must work hard. 我們必須努力工作。 we must go. 我必須去。216have/ own. have “有”表人與物/人，物與物之間存在的“所有；所屬”的關(guān)系。有時(shí)人不一定是物/人的主人。如： i have an english book here. 我這兒有一本英語(yǔ)書(shū)。 do you have any money with you? 你帶有錢嗎？. own 用于較正式場(chǎng)合，強(qiáng)調(diào)“（合法地）擁有”某物的所有權(quán)，主語(yǔ)一定是該物的主人。如： i own a bike. 我有一輛自行車。 who owns the car? 這輛小汽車是誰(shuí)的？217head/ brains. head 指外表看得見(jiàn)的，有形的“頭”。如：dont hit the boy on the head. 別打那孩子的頭。. brains 指抽象的，無(wú)形的“腦力、智力”。注use ones head 和 use ones brains含義基本相同。brains 常作單數(shù)看。218hear/ hear of/ hear from. hear “聽(tīng)見(jiàn)”指聽(tīng)力，強(qiáng)調(diào)聽(tīng)的結(jié)果。如： i often hear lucy sing in the next room. hear of “聽(tīng)說(shuō)”強(qiáng)調(diào)間接聽(tīng)到有關(guān)某人的情況或得到消息。有時(shí)可用about 代替of，意義無(wú)多大的區(qū)別。如： we are all glad to hear of your success. 聽(tīng)到你成功的消息，我們都很高興。 have you heard of her lately? 你最近聽(tīng)到她什么情況嗎？. hear from “接到的來(lái)信（電話等）”如： hope to hear from you soon. 希望你早點(diǎn)來(lái)信。 we have not heard from him since he left. 自從他離開(kāi)后，我們一直沒(méi)有收到他的來(lái)信。219hear/ listen. hear “聽(tīng)到”強(qiáng)調(diào)聽(tīng)的結(jié)果。不一定是有意識(shí)的。如： can you hear me? 你能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)我說(shuō)話嗎？ i heard her voice but i didnt bother to listen to what he was saying. 我聽(tīng)到了她的聲音，但并不用心去聽(tīng)她說(shuō)的是什么。. listen “聽(tīng)”強(qiáng)調(diào)傾聽(tīng)的動(dòng)作，當(dāng)然未必能聽(tīng)到什么。是不及物動(dòng)詞，接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常與介詞to連用。如： listen! what do you hear what she is saying? 聽(tīng)！你聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她在說(shuō)些什么？ we listened attentively for a long time but heard nothing. 我們仔細(xì)地聽(tīng)了半天，但什么也沒(méi)聽(tīng)到。220heaven/ sky. heaven “天、天國(guó)、天堂”與earth和 hell（地獄）相對(duì)。在文學(xué)語(yǔ)言中，它也可以指天空，常用算數(shù)形式。如： the commune members are fighting heaven and earth. 社員們?cè)趹?zhàn)天斗地。 he looked at the starry heavens = he is looking at starry sky. 他瞧著布滿星星的天空。. sky “天、天空”，一般用作單數(shù)。但在文學(xué)語(yǔ)言中，有時(shí)也用算數(shù)形式（skies