（全國通用）中考英語 創(chuàng)新高效復(fù)習(xí)（上冊）第一部分 題型專項指導(dǎo) Part Ⅰ聽力理解 冀教版.doc

聽力理解根據(jù)教育部最新頒布英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求，聽力試題應(yīng)考查學(xué)生對口頭語言材料的理解能力以及從語言材料中獲取信息的能力。在理解信息的基礎(chǔ)上，學(xué)生還要能夠?qū)π畔⑦M行判斷、歸納、綜合，有時還需要根據(jù)信息進行實際操作。因此，中學(xué)各類英語聽力考試已不在脫離語境的情況下單純考查學(xué)生的語音識別和辨別能力了。聽力測試題的設(shè)計一般遵循下列幾個原則：1. 題型根據(jù)測試目的來確定，往往主觀題型與客觀題型相結(jié)合。2. 原文多是口語材料，并適合考生的年齡特點和生活實際，詞匯是口語涉及的高頻詞匯。3. 試題的設(shè)計考慮卷面上的閱讀負(fù)擔(dān)問題，要突出聽力理解的考查，盡量減少閱讀量。4. 聽力題必須通過聽才能作答，不出現(xiàn)通過讀題可直接作答的題。5. 選項以3個為宜，并力爭簡潔。不設(shè)語法錯誤的選項，以免混淆考查重點。6. 朗讀速度定位在每分鐘80100詞。題型走向近幾年，隨著課程改革的不斷深入，全國各地中考英語聽力題型有了很大的變化，相繼出現(xiàn)了一些題型設(shè)計新穎、語言素材廣泛的試題。今后的題型將會趨向于下列幾種：詞語辨音【題型特點】這類題型主要是要求學(xué)生通過聽一個句子，然后選擇在句中出現(xiàn)的單詞或詞組，備選項目的讀音往往比較相似，內(nèi)容大多涉及時間、地點、人物名稱、數(shù)字以及一些關(guān)鍵性的動詞或短語等，旨在考查同學(xué)們的語音辨別能力及短期記憶能力。【考題鏈接】根據(jù)所聽句子，選擇聽到的單詞或詞組。每個句子讀一遍。1. a. her b. herself c. himself2. a. write, down b. lie, down c. let, down 3. a. film b. name c. time 4. a. page b. paper c. pencil5.a.aloud b.allow c.alone6.a.falling b.foreignc.fallen7.a.met b.meet c.meat8.a.agoodtime b. arest c.asportsmeeting9. a. b5723 b. b7523c. b573210. a. turn up b. put offc. turn off情景應(yīng)答【題型特點】這種題也可稱作情景反應(yīng)題。這類題型主要以簡單交際對話的形式考查同學(xué)們對單句的理解能力，也是對基本交際能力和語言運用能力進行的考查。它要求學(xué)生能用所學(xué)到的語言知識和技能，根據(jù)不同的交際功能項目和不同的語境，選出符合要求的句子或答語。其形式是聽上句（疑問句，但有時也用陳述句、祈使句或感嘆句等），要求根據(jù)一定的情景或某些固定說法選擇可以作為聽力句子的應(yīng)答用語?！究碱}鏈接】根據(jù)所聽句子，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膽?yīng)答語。每個句子讀一遍。1. a. enjoy yourself. b. its a pleasure. c. good luck.2. a.good idea. b. sorry, i wont do it again. c. it doesnt matter. 3. a. imsorrytohearthat.b. badluck!c. oh,idontknow.4. a. really?idontthinkso.b. sorry,iwill.c. ok.letplay!5. a. ihatemusic. b. ilikepopmusic.c. yes,ido.6. a. yes,idloveto.b. yes,iwould.c. no,idont.7. a. myfavoriteiscat.b. itsred.c. playingbasketball. 8.a.no,youmustnt. b.yes,youcan.c.no,youneednt. 9.a.heisadoctor. b.heisverywell. c.heisinshanghai. 10. a.thatsallright. b.iwont.c.allright.聽音選圖a.【題型特點】此類題型的命題思路是聽一個或幾個英語句子，然后選擇和句子所敘述內(nèi)容相匹配的圖片，這是比較單一的考查形式，也有的考題提供多幅圖片供選擇，其中還有幾個畫面內(nèi)容比較接近。其主要目的在于通過聽句子錄音，來考查同學(xué)們對圖畫的描述能力、觀察能力，以及圖文轉(zhuǎn)換能力?！究碱}鏈接】a. 根據(jù)所聽句子，選擇內(nèi)容相符的圖片。每個句子讀一遍。1. a. b.c. 2. a.b.c.3. a. b. c.4. a. b. c.5. a. b. c. b，c【題型特點】下列b、c類題型主要考查同學(xué)們對所聽小對話及圖片信息的理解能力。這兩類題型為聽一至三個話輪小對話，并且根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容在小對話之后或卷面的圖片前設(shè)置一個問題，要求根據(jù)這個問題選擇圖片。b類題是根據(jù)對話在三個選項中選擇適當(dāng)答案，c類題型是給出5或6幅圖片，要求選擇其中的5幅?！究碱}鏈接】b. 根據(jù)所聽對話，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膱D片。每個對話讀兩遍。1.whats the matter with mr. smith? a. b.c.2. what sport do they like best? a.b.c.c. 根據(jù)所聽對話，選擇內(nèi)容相符的圖片。每個對話讀兩遍。a.b. c. d.e.f. 1._ 2._ 對話理解【題型特點】下列a、b、c三種題型都是考查對所聽對話及相關(guān)信息進行理解能力的題型。這類題目主要是讓考生聽一組小對話（如a、b）或長對話（如c），在聽完對話后，接著從第三者的角度根據(jù)對話的內(nèi)容提出問題，要求我們在領(lǐng)會對話細節(jié)和談話要旨的基礎(chǔ)上，從備選項中挑選能回答所聽到問句的正確答案。這類題或者讓考生辨別說話人的職業(yè)或者兩人之間的關(guān)系以及推斷談話發(fā)生的場合、地點等，有時還可能問及對話人的觀點、態(tài)度等問題。【考題鏈接】a. 根據(jù)所聽對話及問題，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?。每個對話讀兩遍。1. a. asian games b. olympic games c. world expo 2. a.￥4.00 b. ￥14.00 c.￥40.003. a. john. b. johns sister. c. johns classmate.b. 根據(jù)所聽對話及所給問題，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?。每個對話讀兩遍。1. whats the time now? a. 3:30 b. 4:30 c. 5:30 2. where do you think they are? a. in the cinema. b. in the library. c. in the park. 3.where is the museum?a. behind the post office. b. at the second crossing.c. next to xinghuabookshop.c. 根據(jù)所聽對話，選擇正確的答案。每個對話讀兩遍。1. _happened yesterday.a. a car accident. b. a fire. c. an earthquake.2. the woman _todays newspaper.a. had read b. hadnt read. c. was reading 3. bill _. a. saved mrs. wang out of fireb. sent mrs. wang to the hospitalc. called 110 and put out the fired.【題型特點】這類題型是聽對話理解題。命題思路是給出7個選擇項（其中有兩個干擾項），要求根據(jù)所聽到的一段長對話內(nèi)容從備選項中選擇5個正確的匹配選項。所選中的選項要和前邊所給內(nèi)容的在意思上相匹配，在語法上合乎規(guī)則。根據(jù)所聽對話，選擇最佳的匹配選項。對話讀兩遍。1. helens english teacher a. boring. 2. tom thinks math and science b. friendly and smart. 3. tom thinks geography and biologyc. is unfriendly but smart.4. helens favorite day is d. monday and thursday.5. tom has art on e. wednesday and thursday.f. wednesday. g. difficult to learn.短文理解a.【題型特點】根據(jù)所聽短文（獨白），選擇正確的選項完成句子。在這類題型中，大多數(shù)題目的答案是根據(jù)聽力材料中的重要信息和細節(jié)直接設(shè)計的，短文材料的內(nèi)容除了涉及一些人名、地名、日期、數(shù)字之外，還有事件發(fā)生的地點、時間及原因，或是行為發(fā)生的方式、方法、條件和結(jié)果等?！究碱}鏈接】根據(jù)所聽短文，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)倪x項。短文讀兩遍。1. we got school earlier than usual because _. a. it was a fine day. b. it was teachers day. c. it was earlier to get to school.2. after we got to the classroom _. a. we remembered it was teachers day. b. we cleaned and decorated it. c. we had an english class.b.【題型特點】這類題型是聽一段短文，選擇所給問題的正確答案。這是比較難的一種短文理解題型，要求我們不但要聽懂錄音短文，還要正確地理解書面上給的問題（問句），然后才可以判斷出正確的答案。命題的側(cè)重點多放在時間、地點、人物、價錢、數(shù)量、原因、目的、結(jié)果等上，有時還需要對所聽到的信息進行加工和處理，如數(shù)字運算、時間順序、比較篩選、同義轉(zhuǎn)換、因果關(guān)系等。在此基礎(chǔ)上，再做出選擇答案的決定?！究碱}鏈接】根據(jù)所聽短文，選出最佳答案。短文讀兩遍。1. where will david have his birthday party?a. at a restaurant b. at home c. at his uncles2. who will cook dinner before the party? a. mum and dad. b. dad and david. c. mum and david.信息筆錄a. 【題型特點】本題型是聽取短文或?qū)υ挼匿浺艉?，在綜合短文或?qū)υ拑?nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上而填寫（選擇）信息完成表格。這類題既注重考查同學(xué)們接受信息的能力，也考查綜合處理信息的能力，要求同學(xué)們既要聽得懂又要寫得出，還要反應(yīng)快。所填寫的內(nèi)容不限于單詞，但一般不涉及語法，只是突出考查信息的捕捉能力?！究碱}鏈接】根據(jù)所聽短文，在表格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，完成表格信息。短文讀兩遍。time1. _person2. _place3._happening4._result5._b. 【題型特點】本題型是聽取短文或?qū)υ掍浺艉?綜合短文內(nèi)容選擇適當(dāng)?shù)倪x項完成信息表格，相對題型a難度要小些。因為表格當(dāng)中所要填寫的信息已經(jīng)在后邊給出了備選項目,只要聽清短文內(nèi)容,理解選項的意思,就很容易選出答案了?！究碱}鏈接】根據(jù)所聽短文，從abc三個選項中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)倪x項，完成表格信息。短文讀兩遍。information formname: 1._when to be born: 2._where to study in 1954: 3._how long to stay in america: 4._why to return to hong kong: 5._1. a. dong jianhua b. zeng yinquan c. liang jinsong2. a. in l93l b. in l937 c. in l9493. a. in america b. in englandc. in hongkong4. a. 15 years b. 10 years c. 6 years5. a. he didnt like working in americab. he became the first senior officer of hong kongc. he helped his father do business即時檢測.根據(jù)所聽句子，選擇聽到的單詞或詞組。每個句子讀一遍。 1.a.wifeb.lifec.knife2.a.postb.costc.most3.a.blockb.blackc.back4.a.6:45b.7:45c.6:155.a.rantoatreeb.ranintoatreec.onetalltree.根據(jù)所聽句子，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膽?yīng)答語。每個句子讀一遍。1.a.pleasespeak. b.sorry,hesout. c.iamjack.2.a.howinterestingitis!b.ilikeitverymuch.c.thatsagoodidea.3.a.itsan80-centstamp.b.twodollarsinall.c.threeone-yuanstamps.4.a.thatsverykindofyou.b.yes,idloveto.c.thankyouallthesame.5.a.illsayitagain.b.dontyouspeakalittlelouder?c.imsorry.根據(jù)所聽句子，選擇內(nèi)容相符的圖片。每個句子讀一遍。a. b. c.d. e. f. 1._ 2._ 3._ 4. _ 5. _.根據(jù)所聽對話及所給問題，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢富驁D片。每個對話讀兩遍。1.whowillbeavolunteerduringthesummerholiday?a. sam. b. judy. c. kitty.2.wherearethetwospeakersnow?a. infrance. b. inbritain. c. initaly.3.whencanlindaprobablyattendtheparty?a. at6:30. b. at7:00. c. at8:004.whatpetdoesthegirlhave?a.b.c.5.whatseasonmightitbe?a.b.c.根據(jù)所聽對話，選擇正確的答案。每個對話讀兩遍。聽下面一段對話，回答第12兩個小題。1. whats the name of the girl?a. tom. b. dentists. c. we dont know.2. which of the following states is true?a. the girl has got a serious toothacheb. the boy is going to treat his illnessc. the boy felt much better than he did last night聽下面一段對話，回答第35三個小題。3. where does this conversation probably take place? a. in the meeting room. b. in a ticket office. c. in a classroom.4. how much does the man give the woman first?a. $28. b. $36. c. $40.5. where does the man get the news of the talk?a. in the newspaper. b. onthe poster. c. on the internet.根據(jù)所聽短文，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)倪x項。短文讀兩遍。1.this is room.a.my english teachers b.my chinese teachers c.mr. lis2.there are some books and on the table.a. a televisionb. a computerc. some flowers3.the computer is .a.on the tableb.on the chairc.on the desk4.mr. wang can .a.play basketballb.play football c.play volleyball 5. are on the wall.a.some pictures and a map of englandb.a map of china and some pictures c.a map and a kite. 根據(jù)所聽短文，在表格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，完成表格信息。短文讀兩遍。buswhere it startswhere it endsfeaturesno.9donghuatan bus station1.the fastestno.112.no.15western terminal stationsouth river3. no.404. no.1035. trolley buses應(yīng)試策略聽力能力測試有心理、瞬時、信息三個方面的效應(yīng)，決定聽力能力高低的關(guān)鍵在于能否盡快理解所聽材料的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，領(lǐng)會其大意，抓住其重點。聽力理解的語言材料有別于閱讀材料，語言結(jié)構(gòu)不如書面語言嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，較接近我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪械目谡Z表達，有猶豫、停頓、重復(fù)、思考、重音、略音、拖長音、被打斷、語序顛倒等現(xiàn)象，句子簡短，但內(nèi)涵信息多。同學(xué)們回答聽力試題時，除了聽力涉及內(nèi)容外，要特別注意說話人的語音、語氣、語調(diào)等方面包含的信息。對待聽力測試也有一些技巧，注意這些技巧上的問題，可以使得同學(xué)們考試時心態(tài)更良好，答題更嫻熟。一般說來，聽力在考試技巧上要注意以下幾個方面：一、穩(wěn)定情緒，集中精力。心理素質(zhì)的好壞直接影響到聽力的理解。同學(xué)們應(yīng)有一個良好的精神狀態(tài)，在聽時必須鎮(zhèn)定自信、頭腦清醒，沉著不亂，全神貫注，凝神諦聽，以積極向上的心理準(zhǔn)備，盡快進入答題狀態(tài)。二、審清題意，預(yù)測內(nèi)容。如果自己對題目了如指掌，答題時就會從容不迫，有的放矢，不會因來不及讀題而錯過答題。因此，同學(xué)們應(yīng)盡量利用“試卷分發(fā)”到“播放試音樂曲和試音材料”之間的時間，及時、迅速地閱讀題目(題干和選項)，根據(jù)題目中所包含的信息來比較推測對話的內(nèi)容，帶著問題去聽，有重點地去聽。三、捕捉信息，快速記錄。聽錄音時做好筆記，有助于記住所聽內(nèi)容。特別可防止對人名、地名、數(shù)字等聽過即忘的現(xiàn)象，有時即使聽力理解的能力很強，不做筆記也難以記住長段對話或passage中的全部細節(jié)，或?qū)π柰评?、運算的結(jié)果來不及做出反應(yīng)。筆記還可抓住人物(who)、事件(what)、時間(when)、地點(where)、原因(why)、方式(how)、程度(howoften/soon)等信息，同學(xué)們可以按自己的方式來記這些內(nèi)容，可以記關(guān)鍵詞或可運用符號記錄。尤其是審題階段或預(yù)測確定的那些和聽力問題相關(guān)的主題詞，更要特別留意，加強捕捉這些關(guān)鍵信息。四、抓住重點，果斷答題。答題時切不可因為一個詞聽不清，就停下來琢磨一陣，這樣，等反應(yīng)過來時，錄音的播放已經(jīng)過了好幾句，弄得顧此失彼。同學(xué)們應(yīng)知道聽力測試的“時效”性，聽力測試不像筆試那樣，有較長的時間去思考某一個問題，或者有選擇地先易后難，只要錄音一開始，考生只能按部就班地跟著錄音往下聽，千萬不可為一個難題冥思苦想，而要果斷地放過去，集中精力應(yīng)付下一題。五、分析推理，優(yōu)化信息。測試時，并非所有的聽力材料中的每個詞、句子都能被自己聽懂，這時同學(xué)們就要根據(jù)上下文或根據(jù)信息的前后聯(lián)系來推理、分析、修正、判斷、猜測詞義或問題的答案。參考答案題型走向詞語辨音15 bcacb 610 cabac情景應(yīng)答15 ab aac 610 abcba聽音選圖a. 15 aacbc b. 14 ac c. 12 ba對話理解a. 12 acb. 13 cbc c. 13 bbad. 15 bgafd 短文理解a.12 bb b. 12 bc信息筆錄a. 1.one night 2. bill and david 3. at a train station 4. got on a wrong train 5.walked home b.15 aabbc 即時檢測. 15 bbcca. 15 bccaa .15 bfdea. 15 aaccb. 15 cbbcb .15 bccab. 1. peony square 2. has air-conditioners 3. the slowest bus 4. no.534 hospital 5. railway bus station錄音材料 題型走向詞語辨音根據(jù)所聽句子，選擇聽到的單詞或詞組。每個句子讀一遍。1. can the girl finish the work by herself before five oclock?2. i didnt really let my friends down, so i still went here. 3.i think this film is really boring. i want to go home. 4. the teacher asks me to take notes with a pencil.5.theteachersdontallowtheirstudentstoplayfootballinthestreet. 6.mingminghasfallenoffthebikeandbrokenhisbeg.7.onhiswayhome,hemetanoldfriend.8.afterworkingforalongtime,hehadarest.9. hisroomnumberisb5723onthesixfloor. 10. remembertoturnoffthelightwhenyouleave.情景應(yīng)答聽音選圖a. 根據(jù)所聽句子，選擇內(nèi)容相符的圖片。每個句子讀一遍。1. they would like to go on vacation by train this summer.2. the apples i bought yesterday are in the frigerator.3. im going to see my little sister tomorrow. 4. im a student. my favorite animal is a monkey. 5. we didnt go to school yesterday. i went playing football.b. 根據(jù)所聽對話，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膱D片。每個對話讀兩遍。1.m: good morning, doctor.w: good morning, mr. smith. whats your trouble?m: ive got a bad cold and a running nose.w: i see. let me check you.2. w: can you play football?m: just a little bit. were not good at playing football. but we like watching football matches. our favorite sport is volleyball.w: oh, i see.c. 根據(jù)所聽對話，選擇內(nèi)容相符的圖片。每個對話讀兩遍。1. m: do you like basketball, lin min? w: no, i dont.m: whats your favorite sport?w: ping-pong. i like it best.q: whats lin mins favorite sport?2. m: look at the cloud. i think it is going to be rainy. w: i think so. m: is it going to rain tomorrow? w: no. the radio says its sunny tomorrow.q: whats the weather be like tomorrow?對話理解a. 根據(jù)所聽對話及問題，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?。每個對話讀兩遍。1. m: where is the 16th asian games held, do you know? w: in guangzhou, china. m: when is it held? w: oh, its in november, 2010. q: what are they talking about now?2. m: can i help you, madam?w: yes, i want a t-shirt. m: what color do you want?w: i like the blue one. how much is it?m: 40 yuan.q: how much is the blue t- shirt?b. 根據(jù)所聽對話及所給問題，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢浮Ｃ總€對話讀兩遍。1. m: excuse me, what time is it, please? w: its half past five. m: thank you.2. m: do you have books about computers? w: yes, we do. heres one about the abc of computers. m: thanks. how long can i keep it? w: two weeks.3. w: excuse me, can you tell me the way to the museum, please?m: yes. go along this road, and then turn left at the second crossing. youll find the museum on the right. its between xinghua bookshop and the post office.c. 根據(jù)所聽對話，選擇正確的答案。每個對話讀兩遍。w: jack, bill didnt come to school this morning. whats wrong with him?m: have you read todays newspaper?w: no, i havent. what happened to him? m: there was a fire in bills building yesterday. he heard his neighbor, mrs wang, calling for help and saw a lot of smoke from next door. he called 110 at once and helped mrs wang out.w: what a brave boy!m: but the fire burned his legs and face. he had to stay in hospital for a few days.w: oh, what a pity! is he getting better now?m: yes. he will come back soon.w: im very happy to hear that.根據(jù)所聽對話，選擇最佳的匹配選項。對話讀兩遍。w: what day is it today, tom?m: wednesday. why, helen? w: oh, i love wednesday. i have music, p.e. and art in the morning. they are all relaxing. i like them all. and in the afternoon, i have english. its my favorite. i like my english teacher, miss grace. shes so friendly and smart. m: all right, helen. i know wednesday is your favorite day. im not as happy as you. i dont like wednesday at all! w: why?m: i have math and science in the morning. they are very difficult. and i have geography and biology in the afternoon. they are not difficult, but they are boring. w: then what is your favorite subject? m: um, art. w: when do you have art? m: on monday and thursday. w: so tomorrow youll be happy! m: yeah, art is really relaxing.b.根據(jù)所聽短文，選出最佳答案。短文讀兩遍。my name is david. im having a birthday party next sunday. i will be sixteen years old. i dont like to eat in the restaurant, because there are too many people there. mum and dad have agreed to let me have it at home, while theyre away to visit my uncle. im going to wear a new t-shirt with my favorite singers photo on it. im sure it can make me look very cool at the party. mum and i will cook dinner before the party.it took me a long time to decide who should be invited. at last i chose fifteen of my classmates. but gina said she had to stay at home to look after her sick grandma.we will have the party in the evening, from 6:30 to 10 oclock. im going to ask alan and sam to bring their cds so that we can dance. ive told them to wear their unusual clothes. im sure i will have a surprising party. im really looking forward to it.即時檢測. 根據(jù)所聽句子，選擇聽到的單詞或詞組。每個句子讀一遍。1.jack,lifeisverygood.2.howmuchdoesabikecost?3.putthebookbackontheshelf.4.iusuallygetupat6:15.5.herantoatreequickly. 根據(jù)所聽句子，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膽?yīng)答語。每個句子讀一遍。1.hello!mayispeaktojack? 2.letsgoswimming.3.whatcanidoforyou?4.canihelpyoutorepairyourbike?5.whatwillyoudowhenothersdonthearyouclearly?.根據(jù)所聽句子，選擇內(nèi)容相符的圖片。每個句子讀一遍。1. look! the two children are going to school.2. the boy on the left is as tall as that boy. 3. the woman on the right has long black hair.4. the teacher is taller than the students.5. the man on the left is the tallest of the three. . 根據(jù)所聽對話及所給問題，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢富驁D片。每個對話讀兩遍。 1.w:look!itsapictureofarabbit,mynewpet.m:wow,cute!iknowwhatdogsandcatsneedbuthowdoyoulookafteryourrabbit?w:igiveitvegetablesandwater.icleanitandkeepitwarm,too.2.w:toobaditsourlastdayinfrance.thereisstillalottosee. m:iknow.butimsurewecanseemoreinbritainandgermanynextweek.3.m:linda,wellhaveapartyat7:30tomorrow.wouldyouliketocome?w:idloveto.butiwontbeabletojoinyouuntil8oclock.4.w:sam,anyplansforthesummerholiday?whataboutvisitingauntjudywithme?m:well,kitty,illbeavolunteeratshanghaihistorymuseum.5.w:areyouok,charlie?m:no,notreally.thefreezingweathermakesmefeeldown.w:oh,isee.wouldyouliketogooutforawalk?m:inthesnow?oh,comeon!.根據(jù)所聽對話，選擇正確的答案。每個對話讀兩遍。聽下面一段對話，回答第12兩個小題。w:where are you going,tom?m:oh,mary,i am going to the den