正規(guī)語體和非正規(guī)語體.ppt

正規(guī)語體和非正規(guī)語體,在英語寫作中，我們不僅要注意語法是否正確，詞匯是否恰當(dāng)，更應(yīng)該注意語體是否得體（appropriate）。一般來說，書面語比較正規(guī)（formal），而口語比較隨便（casual）。因此，在英語寫作中，要用正規(guī)的書面語。,一、句子結(jié)構(gòu),1. 用被動語態(tài) Informal: Please answer this question. Formal: The students are requested to answer this question.,2. 用分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu),Informal: Since the weather had improved, we decided to go swimming. Formal: The weather having improved, we decided to go swimming.,3. 用名詞化的動詞,Informal: The doctor arrived early. This pleased the nurse. Formal: The doctors early arrival pleased the nurse. Informal: The patient behaved abnormally. This worried the nurse. Formal: The patients abnormal behavior worried the nurse. Informal: The doctor perfected the operation rapidly. This astonished his colleagues. Formal: The doctors rapid perfection of the operation astonished his colleagues.,4. 在正規(guī)語體中常用介詞短語而在非正規(guī)語體中常用副詞 Informal: John spoke confidently. Formal: John spoke with confidence.,5. 用動名詞短語,Informal: The doctor insisted repeatedly on a strict diet. The patient was disturbed by this. Formal: The patient was disturbed by the doctors insisting repeatedly on a strict diet.,二、詞匯,1. 正規(guī)語體中很少用縮寫和簡寫(contraction) Informal: Id like to get that job youve got in the newspaper. Formal: I would like to apply for the job advertised in the newspaper. Informal: The furniture store has an ad in the newspaper of a special sale. Formal: The furniture store had an advertisement in the newspaper of a special sale.,2. 正規(guī)語體中很少用動詞詞組(phrasal verb) Informal: I cant put pup with your rudeness any more. Formal: I cannot tolerate your rudeness any more. Informal: You mustnt be put out by the train delay. Formal: You must not be provoked by the train delay.,3. 正規(guī)語體中很少用來源于Anglo Saxon的詞匯，而廣泛運(yùn)用來源于法語、拉丁語和希臘語的詞匯 Informal: I havent been able to get that record anywhere. Formal: I have not been able to obtain that record anywhere. Informal: The royal train left the capital at 12. Formal: The royal train departed from the capital at 12.,4、在正規(guī)語體中盡量避免性別詞匯 Informal: Every applicant wants to know how much he will make. Formal: All applicants want to know how much they will make. Informal: After the nursing student graduates, she must face a difficult state board