《過去完成時(shí)》PPT課件.ppt

,過去完成時(shí),一、過去完成時(shí)的概念與結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn): 概念：過去完成時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作，即“過去的過去”。 構(gòu)成：過去完成時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞 had + 過去分詞”構(gòu)成，其中 had 通用于各種人稱。 肯定/否定句：主語had / hadnt 過去分詞 一般疑問句：Had 主語過去分詞？ (Yes, 主語had. / No, 主語hadnt.) 特殊疑問句：疑問詞had 主語過去分詞？,二、過去完成時(shí)的判斷依據(jù): 1. 由時(shí)間狀語來判定：表示動(dòng)作從過去持續(xù)到過去一段時(shí)間。與過去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有： (1) by + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如： 昨天晚上九點(diǎn)前我已經(jīng)讀完這本小說了。 I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night.,(2) by the end of + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如： 截止到上學(xué)期末，我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了兩千多個(gè)英文單詞了。 We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. (3) before + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如： 上周三以前他們已經(jīng)中了六百棵樹了。 They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.,2. 由“過去的過去”來判定：過去完成時(shí)表示“過去的過去”，是指過去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的用過去完成時(shí)，在后的用一般過去時(shí)。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在： (1) 賓語從句中: 當(dāng)賓語從句的主句為一般過去時(shí)，且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí)，從句要用過去完成時(shí)。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。如： 她說她以前看過這電影。She said that she had seen the film before.,(2) 狀語從句中: 在時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的，要用過去完成時(shí)，動(dòng)作在后的要用一般過去時(shí)。如： 當(dāng)我到達(dá)車站時(shí)，火車已經(jīng)離開了。When I got to the station, the train had already left. 他完成作業(yè)以后，就上床睡覺了。After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.,注意：before, after 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表達(dá)了動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動(dòng)作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時(shí)。如： 你來這兒之前在哪兒學(xué)習(xí)？Where did you study (had you studied) before you came here? 他關(guān)上門，離開了教室。After he closed the door, he left the classroom.,三、過去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別 1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，但側(cè)重對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“助動(dòng)詞 have (has) + 過去分詞”；過去完成時(shí)則是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，它所表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過去，更強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”，只有和過去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)，才用到它。試比較 Whats wrong with the door? Some children have broken it. John returned home yesterday. Where had he been? （使用過去完成時(shí)是指約翰在 returned home 之前去了哪些地方，即“過去的過去”）,2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)動(dòng)作從過去到現(xiàn)在并可能持續(xù)到將來；過去完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)動(dòng)作從過去持續(xù)到過去并可能繼續(xù)。 到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了 1000 個(gè)英語單詞。 I have already learned 1000 English words so far. 到那時(shí)為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了 1000 個(gè)英語單詞。 I had already learned 1000 English words till then. 注意 過去完成跟現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)共通的地方是他們都可以與already，yet，since，for連用。 觀察：Where is Lily? I have waited for her for an hour! When Jack arrived, Mary had been away for almost an hour.,注意,英語中，已經(jīng)有了一個(gè)過去一般時(shí)表示在過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，為什么還有過去完成時(shí)呢？ 要記?。哼^去完成時(shí)的關(guān)鍵概念是：假設(shè)在過去發(fā)生了兩件(或以上)的事件，一件是A事件，另一件是B事件，如果A、B兩個(gè)事件幾乎是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，那就用一般過去時(shí)；但是，如果A、B兩個(gè)事件不是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，怎么辦呢？那就是：哪個(gè)事件先發(fā)生，就用過去完成時(shí)；哪個(gè)事件后發(fā)生，就用過去時(shí)。在上面的假設(shè)中，如果A事件先發(fā)生，A就用過去完成時(shí)；如果B事件先發(fā)生，B就用過去完成時(shí)；而不管兩件事是用什么樣的時(shí)間狀語或其它形式表示的。,五、過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別 1. 時(shí)間狀語不同：過去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”；而一般過去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一特定的時(shí)間。試比較： 他們昨天十點(diǎn)前就到車站了。 They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. 他們昨天十點(diǎn)到了車站。 They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.,2. 在沒有明確的過去時(shí)間狀語作標(biāo)志時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后須依據(jù)上下文來判斷：先發(fā)生的用過去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的則用一般過去時(shí)。如： She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.,3. 當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上接連發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用 and 或 but 連接時(shí)，按時(shí)間順序，只需用一般過去時(shí)來代替過去完成時(shí)；另外，在 before, after, as soon as引導(dǎo)的從句中，由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示出時(shí)間的先后，若主、從句表示的動(dòng)作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時(shí)。如： 他進(jìn)入房間，打開燈，看晚報(bào)。 He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. 我離開辦公室前給她打了電話。 I (had) called her before I left the office.,1He asked me _ during the summer holidays. A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What _ Jane _ by the time he was sever? A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done 3. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten. A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt,A,D,C,4. She _lived here for _ years. A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of 5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already. A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked,B,A,1.When I _ (arrive) at the station, he _(leave). 2.We _ (learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term. 3. I waited until he _ (finish) his homework. 4. We were surprised at what she _already _(do) 5.She _(not go) to Qingdao because she _(go) there before.,arrived,had left,had learned,(had) finished,had,done,didnt go,had been,6. He _ (not t