超細破碎機的設計論文[帶圖紙].doc

摘要I摘要隨著破碎機技術的不斷發(fā)展，人們物料的入磨粒度大小的要求日益增高，這就要求現有市場上的破碎機能夠高效率、高質量的對原材料進行加工。而入磨粒度大小是影響下一步工序的關鍵因素。同時在破碎加工過程中，由于入磨粒度的大小，也會對原材料的輸出有影響。因此，去減小入磨粒度是破碎機生產中一道必不可少的工序。物料粉碎可增加物料比表面積可加快物料在參與反應中的反應速度；其次在加工大塊礦石時也有十分重要意義；并未原料的下一步加工工作做準備或便于使用?，F代工程需要越來越多的高純超細粉碎，超細粉碎技術在高技術研究開發(fā)中將起著越來越重要的作用。本課題旨在利用現代的技術對超細破碎機的設計與研究。目前國內生產的破碎設備主要分鄂式、立軸式、反擊式和錘式等種類。大多數產品在針對具體行業(yè)時，一般能滿足行業(yè)特定的要求。但超細破碎機確是今后的一個研究方向。目前國內的沖擊式和錘式破碎機能將1000mm的大塊物料，一次性粉碎至10-30mm以下。自磨機更是可以將600mm的物料一次粉碎至0.044mm以下，即一臺機器就能完成從粗碎到細碎及磨碎的整個工藝過程?？傊?，近年來國內外對破碎機尤其是超細破碎機的研究依然比較熱，主要針對解決減小入磨粒度提高原材料利用率等方面。據介紹目前世界上有約15%的電能消耗在粉碎作業(yè)中，而且逐年增加，加之目前能源短缺，急需不斷改善粉碎研磨作業(yè)，如采用“多碎少磨”工藝特別是研制高效粉碎設備和改進現有研磨機械，對于達到優(yōu)質、高產、低成本、低能耗具有十分重要意義。關鍵詞：超細破碎機、錘式、轉子、細碎、入磨粒度大小。AbstractIIAbstractWiththedevelopmentofthetechnologyofcrusher,peopleofgrindingmaterialintotheparticlesizeoftherisingdemand,whichrequirestheexistingmarketcrushercanhighefficiency,highqualityofrawmaterialsformachining.Andintothegroundparticlesizeisthekeyfactorofaffectthenextstepprocess.Atthesametimeincrushingprocessingprocess,becauseofthesize,particlesizeintothegroundtotheoutputoftherawmaterialshaveinfluence.Therefore,toreducegroundparticlesizeistheproductionofanecessarycrusherprocess.Formaterialcrushingcanincreasethematerialsurfaceareacanspeedupthematerialinthaninthereactionspeedofresponse；Secondintheprocessingoforealsohaveveryimportantsense；Notthenextstepintherawmaterialprocessingprepareforworkoreasytouse.Modernengineeringneedmoreandmorehighpuritysuperfinecrushing,superfinecrushingtechnologyinhightechnologyresearchanddevelopmentwillplayamoreandmoreimportantrole.Thisprojectaimstousemoderntechnologyofultrafinecrusherdesignandresearch.Thecurrentdomesticproductionofbrokenequipmentismainlypointsthehubeitype,verticalshafttype,fightbackstyleandofhammertypecategories.Mostproductsinspecificindustryingeneralcanmeettherequirementsoftheindustryspecific.Butsuperfinecrusherisreallyoneofthefutureresearchdirection.Thecurrentdomesticandtheimpactofthetypeofhammertypebrokenfunctionwill1000mmchunksofmaterial,one-timecrushingto10-30mmbelow.Sincethemillcanbemorewillbe600mmmaterialacrushingto0.044mm,namelythefollowingamachinecanfinishfromcrushingtofinelyandgrindingthewholeprocess.Allinall,athomeandabroadinrecentyearsespeciallysuperfinecrusherforcrusherresearchisstillhot,mainlyinsolvingthegrindingsizereducedimprovetheutilizationrateofrawmaterials,etc.Accordingtointroducingtheworldthatabout15%ofelectricityconsumptioninthedismantlingofassignments,andincreaseyearbyyear,togetherwiththecurrentenergyshortage,theneedtoconstantlyimprovethecrushinggrindingoperation,suchasthe"broken"processespeciallygrindinglessdevelopedefficientcrushingequipmentandimproveexistinggrindingmachines,toachievehighyield,highquality,lowcost,lowenergyconsumptionhasaveryimportantsignificance.Keywords:superfinecrusher,ofhammertype,rotorandthesmaller,intothegroundparticlesize.III目錄Abstract···························································································I目錄·····························································································III第一章緒論··················································································11.1課題的背景及國內外研究現狀······················································11.2礦石的力學性能與錘式破碎機的選擇·············································41.3超細破碎機粉碎方式··································································41.4課題的研究內容及意義·····························································6第二章總體方案設計及主要參數的設計···············································72.1總體方案設計···········································································72.2整機主要結構介紹·····································································82.3超細破碎機外部結構參數設計計算·················································82.3.1超細破碎機轉子部分的參數值確定···········································82.3.2超細破碎機進/出料口尺寸的參數值確定····································92.3.3超細破碎機轉子轉速的初步確定··············································92.3.4超細破碎機生產率的確定·····················································102.3.5超細破碎機電動機功率的確定···············································102.3.6超細破碎機傳動方式的確定···················································112.3.7超細破碎機錘頭的擬定·························································11第三章主要結構設計·······································································133．1超細破碎機錘頭的設計計算·····················································133.1.1錘軸中心與打擊中心距離的設計············································133.1.2錘頭質量的設計計算····························································14IV3．2超細破碎機主軸的設計計算·····················································163.2.1軸的材料的選擇及軸頸的初步確定·········································163.2.2結構設計的合理性驗證························································183.3錘架的結構設計與計算·····························································203.3.1銷軸的直徑值的確定···························································203.4軸承的選擇及校核···································································213.4.1軸承潤滑方式的確定···························································223.5飛輪的設計計算·······································································223.6鍵的校核···············································································23第四章部分零部件的精度設計·························································244.1配合的選擇············································································244.2一般公差的選取······································································244.3形位公差···············································································24第五章總結與展望········································································26總結······························································································26工作展望·······················································································26參考文獻·······················································································27致謝····························································································28第一章緒論1第一章緒論1.1課題的背景及國內外研究現狀粉碎（包括破碎和磨碎）是當代飛速發(fā)展的經濟社會必不可少的一個工業(yè)環(huán)節(jié)。在各種金屬、非金屬、化工礦物原料及建筑材料的加工過程中，粉碎作業(yè)要消耗巨大的能量，,而且又是個低效作業(yè)。物料粉碎過程中，由于作業(yè)中產生發(fā)聲、發(fā)熱、振動和摩擦等作用，使能源大量消耗。因而多年來界內人士一直在研究如何達到節(jié)能、高效地完成破碎和磨碎過程。從理論研究到創(chuàng)新設備（包括改造舊有的設備）直至改變生產工藝流程。目前，破碎理論、工藝和設備的研究主要著重于：①研究在破碎中節(jié)能、高效的理論，也力求找出新理論，突破人們已熟知的破碎三大理論；②研究新的非機械力高能或多力場聯合作用的破碎設備，目前還未見有工業(yè)化的設備供應市場，只是處于研究階段；③改進現有設備，這方面經常是用戶根據自己的需要來進行，而不見市場上大規(guī)模生產或研制新設備。物料的破碎是許多行業(yè)（如冶金、礦山、建材、化工、陶瓷筑路等）產品生產中不可缺少的工藝過程。由于物料的物理性質和結構差異很大，為適應各種物料的要求，破碎機的品種也是五花八門的。就金屬礦選礦而言，破碎是選礦廠的首道工序,為了分離有用礦物,不但分為粗碎、中碎、細碎，而且還要磨礦。磨礦是選礦廠的耗能大戶（約占全廠耗電的50%）,為了節(jié)能和提高生產效率，所以提出了“多碎少磨”的技術原則。這使破碎機向細碎、粉碎和高效節(jié)能方向發(fā)展。另外隨著工業(yè)自動化的發(fā)展,破碎機也向自動化方向邁進（如國外產品已實現機電液一體化、連續(xù)檢測,并自動調節(jié)給料速率、排礦口尺寸及破碎力等)。隨著開采規(guī)模的擴大,破碎機也在向大型化發(fā)展,如粗碎旋回破碎機的處理能力已達6000t/h。至于新原理和新方式的破碎(如電、熱破碎)尚在研究試驗中,暫時還不能用于生產。對粗碎而言,目前還沒有研制出更新的設備以取代傳統(tǒng)的顎式破碎機和旋回式破碎機，主要是利用現代技術,予以改進、完善和提高耐磨性，達到節(jié)能、高效、長壽的目的。細碎方面新機型更多些?？偟膩砜?值得提出的有：顎式破碎機、圓錐破碎機、沖擊式破碎機和輥壓機。現代工程將需要越來越多的高純超細粉碎，超細粉碎技術在高技術研究開