醫(yī)學(xué)英語概述BriefIntroductiontoMedicalEnglish.ppt

,brief introduction to medical english,醫(yī)學(xué)英語概述,what is medical english,醫(yī)學(xué)英語是科技英語的一個(gè)分支， 其基本語法、詞匯與公共英語是一致的， 具有特定的詞匯結(jié)構(gòu)體系、語法規(guī)則和 文體結(jié)構(gòu)。醫(yī)學(xué)英語要求敘述嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、詞 匯涵義明確，因此具有一些有別于公共 英語的特殊性。,differences compared to public english,詞匯來源的多樣性 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的復(fù)雜性 舊詞新意 語法句式的多元性,1.the diversity of etymology,擁有大量的拉丁語、希臘語來源的專業(yè)詞匯，而且可以互相交叉應(yīng)用。 中文 拉丁語 希臘語 皮下的 subcutaneous hypodermic 腎上腺素 adrenalin(e) epinephrine,2.the complexity of plural,醫(yī)學(xué)名詞常用其外來復(fù)數(shù)形式,2.the complexity of plural,當(dāng)一個(gè)名詞常同時(shí)有外來復(fù)數(shù)與英文規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)，外來復(fù)數(shù)在正式文體中特別是科技用語中較常見，而英文規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)則在日常醫(yī)學(xué)英語中更常見。,有的詞的外來復(fù)數(shù)與英文正規(guī)復(fù)數(shù)的意義不同,如： antenna antennas 天線； antenna antennae 昆蟲的觸角。,3.same words, different meanings,cell （電池細(xì)胞） tissue（薄綢組織） organ（風(fēng)琴器官） delivery（投遞分娩） digest（匯編消化） sign (記號(hào)體征),4.specific grammar,敘述嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，限制條件多。,thus dilution ,by water, air or other media, which reduces the number of pathogenic bacteria taken into the body below the minimal number necessary to infect, explains why infections and particularly those entering by respiratory tract, are less likely to be contracted in the open air than under conditions of overcrowding indoors.,4.specific grammar,為了簡(jiǎn)潔，常采用被動(dòng)語態(tài)及應(yīng)用名詞作定語構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞形式，如： cancer patient(patient with cancer) blood vessel wall(wall of the blood vessel),this presentation consists of the following 2 parts:,醫(yī)學(xué)英語起源 (the etymology of medical english) 醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法 (structure of medical vocabulary),the etymology of medical english,brief history of modern english,old english (450 -1100) the norman conquest and middle english (1100 -1500) early modern english (1500 -1800) late modern english (1800 - present),the etymology of medical english,brief history of modern english,old english (450 -1100),the angles, saxons, and jutes from northern germany, denmark and northern holland invaded british isles and began to populate those areas. the original, celtic-speaking inhabitants out of what is known as england scotland, wales, cornwall and ireland, leaving behind a few celtic words. the invaders language , anglo-saxon, developed into what we know as old english,the etymology of medical english,brief history of modern english,the norman conquest and middle english (1100 -1500),william , the conqueror, the duke of normandy, subsequently king william i, invaded and conquered england and the anglo-saxons in 1066. they spoke a dialect of old french known as anglo-norman. the normans were also of germanic stock and anglo-norman was a french dialect that had considerable germanic influences in addition to the basic latin roots.,the etymology of medical english,brief history of modern english,early modern english (1500 -1800),the next wave of innovation in english came with the renaissance. many classical latin and greek words were brought into the language: grammar, logic, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music,the etymology of medical english,brief history of modern english,late modern english (1800 - present),two historical factors: industrial revolution and the british empire in addition, the rise of the british empire and the growth of global trade served not only to introduce english to the world but to introduce words into english.,the etymology of medical english,brief history of modern medical english,1.words evolved from old english old english is believed to have essentially developed from dialect spoken by the anglo-saxons. most medical words from old english denote anatomic structures, organs, substances, and basic concepts of human activities.,native,borrowed,the etymology of medical english,anatomic words,words denoting concepts,the etymology of medical english,brief history of modern medical english,2. words originated from greek from greek, early modern english received grammar, logic, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music. and medical terminology is one of the areas that have been influenced by greek.,the etymology of medical english,brief history of modern medical english,3. words originated from latin the earliest influence of latin language on english may date back to the roman empire. with the expansion, the romans brought their language to other parts of the entire empire. greater influence was exerted after the norman conquest,the etymology of medical english,3. words also,borrowed,from,french,german,spanish,italian,structure of medical vocabulary,basic elements of medical words 構(gòu)詞五要素,詞根（word root）：具有術(shù)語單詞的基本意義，是構(gòu)成單詞的基礎(chǔ)。 后綴（suffix）：位于詞根之后，它給予詞根以新的意義。 前綴（prefix）：位于詞根之前,它也給予詞根以新的意義。 組合元音（combining vowel）：當(dāng)詞根與詞根、詞根與后綴結(jié)合時(shí)，要加入一個(gè)元音，稱為組合元音。 組合形式(combining form)：由詞根和其后的組合元音構(gòu)成。,structure of medical vocabulary,patterns 構(gòu)詞八類型,pattern 1 root pattern 2 root + (combining vowel) + suffix pattern 3 root + (combining vowel) + root pattern 4 root + (combining vowel) + root + suffix pattern 5 prefix + root + (combining vowel) +suffix pattern 6 prefix + root + combining vowel + root + suffix pattern 7 prefix + prefix + root + (combining vowel) + suffix pattern 8 prefix + suffix,structure of medical vocabulary,pneumono-ultra-microscopic-silico-volcano-coniosis,粉塵病,火山,硅/矽,超顯微的,肺的,醫(yī)硅酸鹽沉著病,矽肺病,structure of medical vocabulary,用構(gòu)詞方法分析醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語,掌握一定數(shù)量的詞根和詞綴，熟悉醫(yī)學(xué) 術(shù)語的構(gòu)詞法，將一個(gè)術(shù)語單詞分解為詞 根和詞綴，然后根據(jù)詞根和詞綴的含義來 推斷術(shù)語單詞的意義。,structure of medical vocabulary,（1）“由后向前”及“主謂關(guān)系”分析法： 先看后綴 如he