28 第二部分 詞 法 篇 專題四 第2講 代詞和冠詞 課件-《高考快車道》2026版高三英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 北師大版

第二部分

語法考點(diǎn)突破詞

法

篇專題四介詞(短語)、代詞和冠詞第2講代詞和冠詞語法精講第一節(jié)代詞考點(diǎn)一

人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞1．人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞的基本形式類別人稱代詞物主代詞反身代詞主格賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞第一人稱Imemyminemyselfweusouroursourselves類別人稱代詞物主代詞反身代詞主格賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞第二人稱youyouyouryoursyourselfyouyouyouryoursyourselves第三人稱hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitselftheythemtheirtheirsthemselves2．人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞的基本用法類別語法規(guī)則例句/詞人稱代詞主格多作主語，賓格多作賓語和表語You，heandIareindifferentclasses．MrWangaskedLiMingandmetohelphim．類別語法規(guī)則例句/詞物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，置于名詞前作定語mynameherbook名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞＋名詞”，常作主語、表語和賓語，也可用“of＋名詞性物主代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作后置定語Shescannedthelistofnamestoseeifherswasonit．類別語法規(guī)則例句/詞反身代詞作動詞的賓語(動作的施動者和受動者是同一人)TomtaughthimselfChinese．作介詞的賓語Youcan'tleavethebabybyhimself．作表語I'mnotquitemyselftoday．作同位語，用于加強(qiáng)語氣，強(qiáng)調(diào)“親自，本人，親身”Sheherselfheardhimsaysoyesterday．考點(diǎn)二

it的用法語法規(guī)則例句指代提到過的或正在談?wù)摰膭游锘蚴挛?，以及已知或正在發(fā)生的事實(shí)或情況等Someofmyfriendswhohadbeentherebeforesaiditwasawonderfulholidaydestination．主要用于指時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)值、自然現(xiàn)象(天氣、氣候及溫度等)Itisearlyspring，butitisalreadyveryhot．(第一個(gè)it指時(shí)間，

第二個(gè)it指天氣)語法規(guī)則例句指人，主要用于指代性別不明的嬰兒或用于確認(rèn)某人的身份Hernewbabyistiny．Itonlyweighs2kilos．it用作形式主語Hence，itwouldbeagreatideaforustochoosepartnersfreely．It'snousecryingoverspiltmilk．ItisclearthathumanactivityhasnegativelyaffectedallotherspeciesonEarth．語法規(guī)則例句it用作形式賓語Shemadeitclearthatsheobjected．Ifinditquitenecessarytotellherbeforehand．Iconsideritworthwhilewatchingthismovie．考點(diǎn)三

指示代詞和不定代詞1．指示代詞代詞語法規(guī)則例句one代替的是前面提到的同類異物中的任何一個(gè)(it指原物)a/an＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＝oneAbridgemadeofstoneisstrongerthanonemadeofwood．onesones用來代替前面出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，也表泛指可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＝onesBridgesmadeofstonearestrongerthanonesmadeofwood．代詞語法規(guī)則例句that代替前面提到的同類異物中特指的事物，所代替的名詞可以是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，也可以是不可數(shù)名詞，其前面通常不能有修飾語，但可以有后置定語the＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＝that/theonethe＋不可數(shù)名詞＝thatThebridgemadeofstoneisstrongerthanthatmadeofwood．TheweatherofBeijingiscolderthanthatofShanghai．代詞語法規(guī)則例句those代替前面提到的同類異物中特指的事物，只能指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，相當(dāng)于theonesthe＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＝theones/thoseThebridgesmadeofstonearestrongerthanthosemadeofwood．2．不定代詞both，either，neither，all代詞語法規(guī)則例句both①“兩者都”②作主語時(shí)謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)③與not連用表示部分否定，全部否定用neitherBothsidesarelookingforwaystosettletheirdifferences．Notbothofthesubstancesaredissolvedinwater．代詞語法規(guī)則例句either①“兩者中任何一個(gè)”(表三者及三者以上任何一個(gè)用any)②作主語時(shí)謂語動詞用單數(shù)Therearetwotypesofqualification，andeitherisacceptable．neither①表示

“兩者都不”②單獨(dú)作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)③后接of短語作主語且of后為名詞或代詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動詞既可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)Neitherofthemhas/haveacar．代詞語法規(guī)則例句all①三者及三者以上的全部②作主語，指人時(shí)，謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)；指事物的整體或抽象概念時(shí)，謂語通常用單數(shù)③與not連用，無論not在前還是在后，都表示部分否定，全部否定用noneAllwereinvited．Allofthefoodhasgone．NotallofthemspeakEnglish．＝Allofthemdon'tspeakEnglish．3．不定代詞each，every代詞語法規(guī)則例句each①強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，可作代詞和形容詞，指兩者或兩者以上的每一個(gè)②可與of短語連用，可作主語、賓語、同位語和定語。作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)，作同位語時(shí)，謂語的數(shù)和主語保持一致Eachofthestudentshasadictionary．Theyeachhaveadictionary．代詞語法規(guī)則例句every①強(qiáng)調(diào)整體中三者及三者以上的每一個(gè)，只能作定語②與not連用構(gòu)成部分否定③可用來表示

“每隔”④不可與of短語連用Everyboyintheclasshasreadthebook．(everytwodays＝everysecondday＝everyotherday)4．theother，another，others，theothers代詞語法規(guī)則例句theother特指兩者中的另一個(gè)，常用在“one...theother...”結(jié)構(gòu)中Ihavetwodaughters．Oneisadoctor，andtheotherisateacher．a(chǎn)nother指三者或三者以上中的“另一，再一”Igotanotherofthosecallsyesterday．代詞語法規(guī)則例句others相當(dāng)于“other＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”，泛指別的人或物，常用在“some...others...”結(jié)構(gòu)中Somestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom；othersarecleaningthewindows．theothers相當(dāng)于“theother＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”，特指其余全部的人或物，常用在“some...theothers...”結(jié)構(gòu)中Twoboyswillgotothezoo，andtheotherswillgotothemuseum．第二節(jié)冠詞考點(diǎn)一

不定冠詞a/an語法規(guī)則例句表示“一”，但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量概念，或數(shù)量概念沒有one強(qiáng)烈Romewasnotbuiltinaday．用于指首次提到的對方不知道的人或物Occupiedincarryingoutanexperiment，hecan'tsparetimetolookafterhisson．語法規(guī)則例句a/an＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，泛指一類人或事物，或指同類人或事物中的“一個(gè)”InAmerica，ifafriendhasinvitedyoutodropinatanytime，itisbesttocallbeforevisiting．a(chǎn)/an＋序數(shù)詞，表示“又一，再一”；amost＋形容詞，表示“非常，很……”Inordertofindabetterjob，hedecidedtostudyasecondforeignlanguage．Itmustbeamostunusualexhibition．語法規(guī)則例句用于表示價(jià)格、速度、比率等，表示“每一”Shecantypeabout50wordsaminute．不定冠詞a/an表示“某一個(gè)”，相當(dāng)于some/acertainAMr．Greencalledjustnow．“ofa/an＋n．”表示相同尺寸、年齡等，相當(dāng)于

“ofthesame＋n．”Thesesweatersareofasize．＝Thesesweatersareofthesamesize．語法規(guī)則例句用于某些具體化的抽象名詞前，?？嫉挠校簊uccess，failure，danger，surprise，pleasure，beauty，comfort，honour等Idon'tthinktheexperimentisafailure．Atleastwehavegainedexperienceforfuturesuccess．考點(diǎn)二

定冠詞the語法規(guī)則例句/示例表示雙方都知道的或上文提到過的人或物Sixofthethirty-eightpeoplewereU．S．citizens．用于表特指的由短語或從句修飾的名詞前IreallyenjoythebookI'vejustfinishedreading．表示一類人或事物(用于形容詞或分詞前)Heknowsheiswaitingfortheimpossible．語法規(guī)則例句/示例用于指世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物Parisisabeautifulcity，whereyoucanseethefamousEiffelTower．用于演奏樂器時(shí)的樂器名稱前AsfarasIknow，helikesplayingthepianobutdoesn'tlikeplayingfootball．the＋表示姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示一家人或夫婦二人TheJacksonsarecomingtovisitusonSaturday．語法規(guī)則例句/示例用于序數(shù)詞、最高級以及only，very，same等詞之前ItwasthefirsttimethatHelenhadunderstoodsuchacomplexword．用于表示世紀(jì)、年代、朝代的名詞以及逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞前(指世紀(jì)中的幾十年代或人的大約歲數(shù))TheTangDynastyisconsideredagoldenageofChineseartsandculture．語法規(guī)則例句/示例用于表計(jì)量的名詞前，如bythehour，bytheday，bythedozen，bythemeter等。但如果是在抽象名詞前，則不用冠詞，如：byweight，bytime，bylength，bysize等Igotpaidbytime．Tobeexact，Igotpaidbythehour．用于“動詞(hit，strike，pull，pat，take等)＋sb．＋介詞＋the＋身體部位”hitsb．ontheheadpatsb．ontheshouldertakesb．bythearm/hand考點(diǎn)三

零冠詞語法規(guī)則例句不可數(shù)名詞和可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)表示泛指時(shí)Waterisnecessarytolife．Booksaremybestfriend．名詞前已有this，my，some，each，no，any等限定詞時(shí)Wearedoingthisallwithoutanysupportfromthehospital．語法規(guī)則例句學(xué)科、語言、球類、棋類、日期、一日三餐、月份、星期、季節(jié)、節(jié)假日和以人名或地名命名的大學(xué)等名詞前TheycanchooseothersubjectslikeArt，ComputerScienceorlanguagessuchasSpanishandGerman．與by連用，位于表示交通/通信工具的名詞前Iwillcontactyoubyletter．表示獨(dú)一無二的職位、頭銜的名詞(如captain，manager，monitor，president等)在句中作表語、同位語或補(bǔ)語時(shí)Mr．Smith，presidentofthenewcompany，willbeinchargeofresearchandmarketingoperations．達(dá)標(biāo)演練1．Sincepeoplecan'talwayseatoutorcookfor___________(they)，theygettakeoutororderdelivery．2．Asthesonggoes，thislongandwindingroad“willneverdisappear”，anditwillalwaysstickinthevisitor'smemory．Itsuredoesin_____(I)．3．Ecotourismhas___(it)originwiththeenvironmentalmovementofthe1970s．Ⅰ．單句語法填空themselvesmineits4．Aswellaslookingatexhibits，visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模擬)andimagine___________(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryorwalkingthrougharainforest．5．Readersareencouragedtocontinueexploringthedigitalworldwiththeguidanceof___(we)FurtherResourcessectionfeaturedineachvolume．6．____Lincolnsenlargedthehousetoafulltwostoreysin1856tomeettheneedsoftheirgrowingfamily．themselvesourThe7．Coveringanareaaboutthreetimes___sizeofYellowstoneNationalPark，theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry．8．Ittookusabout3hourstogoall___wayaroundtheXi'anCityWall．9．Whileyou'reinChina，MountHuangshanis_musttovisit!10．Dueto___growingpopularityofenvironmentally-relatedandadventuretravel，varioustypesoftripsarenowbeingclassifiedasecotourism．thetheatheⅡ．語法鏈接寫作——小小的it，大大的氣場1．談到學(xué)習(xí)英語，廣泛閱讀很重要。_______________________________，readingwidelyisofgreatimportance．2．人們普遍認(rèn)為飲食對我們的健康有重大影響。________________________diethasasignificantimpactonourhealth．WhenitcomestolearningEnglishItiswidelyacceptedthat3．就是在我重讀他的詩歌的時(shí)候，我才開始領(lǐng)會它們的美。_____________________________________________Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty．4．他離開辦公室之后沒關(guān)門，真是粗心。_______________________________________afterhelefttheoffice．5．到了我們采取措施保護(hù)校園環(huán)境的時(shí)候了。_______________________________________________toprotecttheenvironmentofourcampus．ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecentlythatItwascarelessofhimtoleavethedooropenIt's(high)timethatwetook/shouldtakemeasuresⅢ．語法填空SamanthaCristoforetti，1．___firstItalianfemaleastronautinspace，postedagroupofphotosandseveralChinesesentencesonhersocialmediaaccountduringhermissionattheInternationalSpaceStation．Attachedtothephotos2．_____(be)severallinesfromPreface

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Orchid

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