2025年全國高考一卷英語真題（解析版）VIP

2025年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試(全國一卷)英語學(xué)科本試卷滿分150分,考試用時(shí)120分鐘。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AThegreeningofplanes,trainsandautomobilesMovinggoodsandpeoplearoundtheworldisresponsibleforalargepartofglobalCO2emissions(排放).Astheworldracestodecarbonizeeverything,itfacesparticularproblemswithtransportation—whichaccountsforaboutaquarterofourenergy-relatedgreenhousegasemissions.Here’sthebreakdownoftheemissionsin2018fordifferentmodesoftransport.Thefuelsfortransportneedtobenotjustgreen,cheapandpowerful,butalsolightweightandsafeenoughtobecarriedaround.Eachmodeoftransporthasitsspecificfuelneeds.Muchisstilltobesettled,butherearesomeofthesolutionstogetusgoinggreen.PLANES—SynthetichydrocarbonsThehardestsectortodecarbonizeisaviation.Onelong-termoptionforsustainablefuelforplanesistomakehydrocarbonsfromrecycledair.CARS—BatteriesBatteriesareenergy-efficientandelectriccarscanplugintoexistingsystemsandservices.Newsolid-statebatterieswilltakeacarfartheronasinglecharge.TRAINS—ElectricitySometrainsarealreadyelectrifiedthroughrailsorwires;otherscanbemadeelectricinprettysimpleways.TRUCKS—HydrogenfuelcellsHydrogenfuelcellsarealighterchoicethanbatteriesfortrucks,butmakinggreenhydrogenisexpensive.SHIPS—LiquidammoniaLiquidammoniaiseasytokeepandtransport,butitishardtoignite(點(diǎn)燃)andrequiresanengineredesign.Thisenergytransition(變革)isglobal,andtheamountofrenewableenergytheworldwillneedis“alittlebitmind-blowing,”saysmechanicalengineerKeithWipkeattheNationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory.It’sestimatedthattheglobaldemandforelectricitycouldmorethandoubleby2050.Fortunately,analysessuggestthatrenewablesareuptothetask.“Weneedtospeedupthedevelopmentofgreenenergy,anditwillallgetused,”saysWipke.1.Whatpercentageofglobaltransportemissionsdidroadvehiclesaccountforin2018?A.11.6%. B.45.1%. C.74.5%. D.86.1%.2.Whichmodeoftransportcangogreencomparativelyeasily?A.Planes. B.Trucks. C.Trains. D.Ships.3WhatdoesWipkesuggestregardingenergytransition?A.Limitingfuelconsumption. B.Puttingmoreeffortintorenewables.C.Improvingenergyefficiency. D.Makingelectricitymoreaffordable.【答案】1.C2.C3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了2018年不同交通方式的溫室氣體排放占比，以及飛機(jī)、汽車等各類交通工具的未來綠色燃料路徑?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)圖表信息ROADVEHICLES部分中“ROAD(PASSENGER)45.1%(道路(客運(yùn))45.1%)”以及“ROAD(GOODS)29.4%(道路(貨運(yùn))29.4%)”可知，道路車輛總占比為45.1%+29.4%=74.5%，即道路車輛在2018年全球交通排放中占比74.5%。故選C項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)圖表信息TRAINS—Electricity部分中“Sometrainsarealreadyelectrifiedthroughrailsorwires;otherscanbemadeelectricinprettysimpleways.(一些列車已經(jīng)通過軌道或電線實(shí)現(xiàn)了電氣化；其他火車可以通過非常簡(jiǎn)單的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)電動(dòng)化)”可知，火車相較其他交通方式更易實(shí)現(xiàn)綠色化。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中““Weneedtospeedupthedevelopmentofgreenenergyanditwillallgetused,”saysWipke.(Wipke說：“我們需要加速綠色能源的開發(fā)，而且這些能源都會(huì)被利用起來?！?”可知，Wipke建議加大對(duì)可再生能源的投入，即加大對(duì)綠色能源的投入。故選B項(xiàng)。BInmyninth-gradewritingclasslastyear,Imetacowboywhosavedhistown,astrictfatherwhodemandedhissonearnstraightA’s,andamodern-dayJulietwhodiedofheartbreakafterherparentsrejectedtheloveofheryounglife.Morethanonce,Ifoundmyselfwonderingjusthowmystudents,who’dcreatedthesepeople,knewtheirsubjectssowell.Butthingsweredifferentfortheirfirstessay,whichwasaboutthequestion:“Whyiswritingimportant?”Mostoftheessaysfilledlessthanonepage,andfewcontainedasentencethatcouldbeinterpretedasathesis(論點(diǎn))statement.Iwasshocked.ThenIrealizedthattheproblemwasthequestionitself.Theycouldhavewrittenpagesonthenecessityofcomputers,butwriting,inandofitself,simplydidn’tstrikethemasimportant.Thiswouldhavetochange.Asanewunitstarted,Iaskedeveryonetowriteapersuasivepieceonahealth-relatedtopicoftheirchoice.Thistimetheyfoundtheexercisemuchmoreinteresting.Forthenexttwoassignments,apersonal-narrativeunitfollowedbyacreative-writingworkshop,Ionlyrequiredthatthepiecemeetthespecificationsofitsgenre(體裁)andthatitcontainathesis.Theresultswerestaggering.Thestudentstookondiversetopicsandturnedinstories,10to20pageseach,withcharactersthatbroadenedmyviewandtouchedmyheart.Iwalkedintoclassbelievingthatwritingisimportantasameansofcommunication.However,mystudentsdemonstratedsomethingmoreimportanttome.WhenthefinalbellranginJune,Iwalkedawaywithayearbookfullofmessagesaboutwriting’smostpowerfulsignificance—theabilitytoconnectpeople,toputusinanother’sskin,toteachuswhatitmeanstobehuman.4.Whoarethepeoplementionedatthebeginningofparagraph1?A.Ninthgraders. B.Students’parents.C.Modernwriters. D.Fictionalcharacters.5.Whydidthestudentsperformpoorlyinwritingtheirfirstessay?A.Theywerenotgivenenoughtime. B.Theyhadaverylimitedvocabulary.C.Theymisunderstoodthequestion. D.Theyhadlittleinterestinthetopic.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“staggering”inparagraph3mean?A.Mixed. B.Amazing. C.Similar. D.Disturbing.7.Whatdoestheauthor’sexperienceshow?A.Teachingislearning. B.Stillwatersrundeep.C.Knowledgeispower. D.Practicemakesperfect.【答案】4.D5.D6.B7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者作為一名寫作課老師，通過教學(xué)實(shí)踐逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到學(xué)生寫作動(dòng)力的來源以及寫作真正意義的成長故事?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Inmyninth-gradewritingclasslastyear,Imetacowboywhosavedhistown,astrictfatherwhodemandedhissonearnstraightA’s,andamodern-dayJulietwhodiedofheartbreakafterherparentsrejectedtheloveofheryounglife.Morethanonce,Ifoundmyselfwonderingjusthowmystudents,who’dcreatedthesepeople,knewtheirsubjectssowell.(去年，在我九年級(jí)的寫作課上，我結(jié)識(shí)了一位拯救了自己小鎮(zhèn)的牛仔、一位要求兒子門門功課全得A的嚴(yán)厲父親，還有一位現(xiàn)代版的朱麗葉——因父母反對(duì)她年少的愛情而心碎離世。不止一次，我暗自琢磨，這些塑造了這些人物的學(xué)生，究竟是如何如此深諳他們筆下的角色的)”可知，這里提到的牛仔、嚴(yán)厲的父親和現(xiàn)代版的朱麗葉都是學(xué)生在寫作中創(chuàng)造出來的虛構(gòu)人物。故選D。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Mostoftheessaysfilledlessthanonepage,andfewcontainedasentencethatcouldbeinterpretedasathesis(論點(diǎn))statement.Iwasshocked.ThenIrealizedthattheproblemwasthequestionitself.Theycouldhavewrittenpagesonthenecessityofcomputers,butwriting,inandofitself,simplydidn’tstrikethemasimportant.(大多數(shù)文章篇幅不足一頁，幾乎沒有包含可被視為論點(diǎn)的句子。我感到震驚。隨后我意識(shí)到問題出在題目本身。他們本可以就電腦的必要性寫下數(shù)頁內(nèi)容，但寫作本身根本沒讓他們覺得重要)”可推知，學(xué)生們?cè)趯懙谝黄魑臅r(shí)表現(xiàn)不佳，是因?yàn)樗麄儗?duì)寫作這個(gè)話題本身不感興趣。故選D?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中“Theresultswerestaggering.Thestudentstookondiversetopicsandturnedinstories,10to20pageseach,withcharactersthatbroadenedmyviewandtouchedmyheart.(結(jié)果是staggering。學(xué)生們選取了多樣的主題，交上來的故事每篇都有10到20頁長，其中的人物拓寬了我的視野，也觸動(dòng)了我的心)”可知，學(xué)生們寫出了內(nèi)容豐富、打動(dòng)人心的故事，與之前的表現(xiàn)形成強(qiáng)烈對(duì)比。staggering意為“令人震驚的、驚人的”，與B選項(xiàng)“Amazing(驚人的)”語義一致。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Iwalkedintoclassbelievingthatwritingisimportantasameansofcommunication.However,mystudentsdemonstratedsomethingmoreimportanttome.WhenthefinalbellranginJune,Iwalkedawaywithayearbookfullofmessagesaboutwriting’smostpowerfulsignificance—theabilitytoconnectpeople,toputusinanother’sskin,toteachuswhatitmeanstobehuman.(我走進(jìn)教室時(shí)堅(jiān)信寫作作為一種交流方式至關(guān)重要。然而，學(xué)生們向我展示了更為重要的東西。當(dāng)六月的下課鈴響起時(shí)，我?guī)е槐緷M是留言的年鑒離開——這些留言訴說著寫作最強(qiáng)大的意義：它能連接人與人，讓我們換位思考，教會(huì)我們身為人類的真諦)”結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章通過作者的教學(xué)經(jīng)歷，說明她在教導(dǎo)學(xué)生的同時(shí)，自己也領(lǐng)悟到寫作的真正意義，這一過程體現(xiàn)了“教學(xué)相長”的理念。選項(xiàng)A“Teachingislearning(教學(xué)相長)”符合文中描述的作者通過教學(xué)獲得的新認(rèn)識(shí)。故選A。CWhilesafetyimprovementsmighthavebeenmadetoourstreetsinrecentyears,transportstudiesalsoshowdeclinesinpedestrian(行人)mobility,especiallyamongyoungchildren.Manyparentssaythere’stoomuchtrafficontheroadsfortheirchildrentowalksafelytoschool,sotheypackthemintothecarinstead.DutchauthorsThaliaVerkadeandMarcoteBr?mmelstroetarebotheredbyfactslikethese.IntheirnewbookMovement:HowtoTakeBackOurStreetsandTransformOurLives,theycallforarethinkofourstreetsandtheroletheyplayinourlives.Lifeoncitystreetsstartedtochangedecadesago.Wholeneighbourhoodsweredestroyedtomakewayfornewroadnetworksandkidshadtoplayelsewhere.Somecommunitiesfoughtback.Mostfamously,aCanadianjournalistwhohadmovedherfamilytoManhattanintheearly1950sledacampaigntostopthedestructionofherlocalpark.Describingheralarmatitsproposedreplacementwithanexpressway,JaneJacobscalledonhermayor(市長)tochampion“NewYorkasadecentplacetolive,andnotjustrushthrough.”SimilarcampaignsoccurredinAustraliainthelate1960sand1970saswell.Althoughthesecampaignswerewidespread,therealityisthatthemajorityofthewesterncitieswerecompletelyredesignedaroundtheneedsofthemotorcar.Thenumberofcarsonroadshasbeenincreasingrapidly.InAustraliawenowhaveovertwentymillioncarsforjustovertwenty-sixmillionpeople,amongthehighestrateofcarownershipintheworld.Weinvestalotinroadsthathelpusrushthrough,butwefailtoaccountforthetruecosts.Dowereallyrecognisewhatitcostsusasasocietywhenchildrencan’tmovesafelyaroundourcommunities?TheauthorsofMovementhaveitright:it’stimetothinkdifferentlyaboutthatstreetoutsideyourfrontdoor.8.Whatphenomenondoestheauthorpointoutinparagraph1?A.Carsoftengetstuckontheroad. B.Trafficaccidentsoccurfrequently.C.Peoplewalklessanddrivemore. D.Pedestriansfailtofollowtherules.9.WhatweretheCanadianjournalistandothercampaignerstryingtodo?A.Keeptheircitieslivable. B.Promoteculturaldiversity.C.Helptheneedyfamilies. D.Makeexpresswaysaccessible.10.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthecampaignsinAustraliainthelate1960sand1970s?A.Theyboostedthesalesofcars. B.Theyturnedoutlargelyineffective.C.Theywongovernmentsupport. D.Theyadvocatedbuildingnewparks.11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhytheRush? B.What’sNext?C.WheretoStay? D.WhotoBlame?【答案】8.C9.A10.B11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要介紹了西方城市過度圍繞汽車設(shè)計(jì)導(dǎo)致行人流動(dòng)性下降，尤其是兒童步行減少的現(xiàn)象，并通過歷史案例和現(xiàn)狀分析呼吁反思街道功能，重視城市宜居性?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Whilesafetyimprovementsmighthavebeenmadetoourstreetsinrecentyears,transportstudiesalsoshowdeclinesinpedestrian(行人)mobility,especiallyamongyoungchildren.Manyparentssaythere’stoomuchtrafficontheroadsfortheirchildrentowalksafelytoschool,sotheypackthemintothecarinstead.(雖然近年來我們的街道可能已經(jīng)改善了安全性，但交通研究也表明行人的流動(dòng)性下降，尤其是年輕兒童。許多家長說，路上的交通太擁擠，他們的孩子無法安全步行上學(xué)，所以他們把孩子塞進(jìn)車?yán)?”可知，作者指出的現(xiàn)象是人們步行減少、開車增多。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Mostfamously,

aCanadianjournalistwhohadmovedherfamilytoManhattanintheearly1950sleda

campaigntostopthedestructionofher

localpark.Describingheralarmatitsproposedreplacementwithanexpressway,JaneJacobscalledonhermayor(市長)to

champion“NewYorkasadecentplacetolive,andnotjustrushthrough.”(最著名的是，一位加拿大記者在20世紀(jì)50年代初舉家遷往曼哈頓，她領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了一場(chǎng)阻止當(dāng)?shù)毓珗@被毀的運(yùn)動(dòng)。在描述她對(duì)用高速公路取代公園的提議感到震驚時(shí)，JaneJacobs呼吁她的市長捍衛(wèi)“紐約作為適宜居住的地方，而不僅是匆匆穿過的通道”)”可推知，加拿大記者和其他運(yùn)動(dòng)參與者旨在保持城市宜居性。故選A?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Althoughthesecampaignswerewidespread,therealityisthatthemajorityofthewesterncitieswerecompletelyredesignedaroundtheneedsofthemotorcar.

Thenumberofcarsonroadshasbeenincreasingrapidly.

(盡管這些運(yùn)動(dòng)很普遍，但現(xiàn)實(shí)是大多數(shù)西方城市完全圍繞汽車需求重新設(shè)計(jì)。道路上的汽車數(shù)量一直在迅速增加)”可推知，20世紀(jì)60年代末和70年代澳大利亞的競(jìng)選活動(dòng)未能阻止汽車發(fā)展，基本上沒有效果。故選B?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，并根據(jù)文章最后一段“Weinvestalotinroadsthathelpusrushthrough,butwefailtoaccountforthetruecosts.Dowereallyrecognisewhatitcostsusasasocietywhenchildrencan’tmovesafelyaroundourcommunities?(我們?cè)趲椭覀兛焖偻ㄟ^的道路上投入了大量資金，但我們沒有考慮到真正的成本。我們真的認(rèn)識(shí)到當(dāng)孩子們不能在我們的社區(qū)安全地移動(dòng)時(shí)，我們作為一個(gè)社會(huì)將會(huì)付出什么代價(jià)嗎)”可推知，本文批判城市過度追求交通效率、忽視行人需求的現(xiàn)象，A項(xiàng)“WhytheRush?

(為何匆匆？)”質(zhì)問“rushthrough

(匆匆通行)”的規(guī)劃理念，契合主旨，最適合作為本文標(biāo)題。故選A。DMicroplasticshavebecomeacommonsourceofpollutionacrosstheEarth—theyhavesettledinthedeepseaandontheHimalayas,stuckinsidevolcanicrocks,filledthestomachsofseabirdsandevenfalleninfreshAntarcticsnow.Theyareevenappearinginsidehumans.Now,newresearchsuggeststhatasimple,cheapmeasuremaysignificantlyreducethelevelofmicroplasticsinwaterfromyourtap(水龍頭):boilingandfiltering(過濾)it.InastudypublishedWednesdayinEnvironmentalScience&TechnologyLetters,researchersfromChinafoundthatboilingtapwaterforjustfiveminutes—thenfilteringitafteritcools—couldremoveatleast80percentofitsmicroplastics.Crucially,thisprocessreliesonthewatercontainingenoughcalciumcarbonate(碳酸鈣)totraptheplastics.Inthestudy,boilinghardwatercontaining300milligramsofcalciumcarbonateledtoanalmost90percentdropinplastics.Butinsampleswithlessthan60milligramsofcalciumcarbonate,boilingreducedthelevelofplasticsbyjust25percent.Additionally,theresearchdidn’tincludealltypesofplastics.Theteamfocusedonlyonthreecommontypes—polystyrene,polyethyleneandpolypropylene—andtheydidn’tstudyotherchemicalspreviouslyfoundinwatersuchasvinylchloride.Still,thefindingsshowapotentialpathforwardforreducingmicroplasticexposure—ataskthat’sbecomingincreasinglydifficult.Evenbottledwater,scientistsfoundearlierthisyear,contains10to1,000timesmoremicroplasticsthanoriginallythought.Scientistsarestilltryingtodeterminehowharmfulmicroplasticsare—butwhattheydoknowhasraisedconcerns.Thenewstudysuggestsboilingtapwatercouldbeatooltolimitintake.“Thewaytheydemonstratedhowmicroplasticsweretrappedthroughtheboilingprocesswasnice,”CarolineGauchotte-Lindsay,anenvironmentalengineeroftheUniversityofGlasgowinScotlandwhowasnotinvolvedintheresearch,tellsNewScientist.“Weshouldbelookingintoupgradingdrinkingwatertreatmentplantssotheyremovemicroplastics.”12.Howdoestheauthorpresenttheissueinthefirstparagraph?A.Byquotinganexpert. B.Bydefiningaconcept.C.Bygivingexamples. D.Byprovidingstatistics.13.Whatdeterminestheeffectivenessoftrappingmicroplasticsinwater?A.Thehardnessofwater. B.Thelengthofcoolingtime.CThefrequencyoffiltering. D.Thetypeofplasticinwater.14.Whatdoestheauthortrytoillustratebymentioningbottledwaterinparagraph4?A.Theimportanceofplasticrecycling. B.Theseverityofthemicroplasticproblem.C.Thedangerinoverusingpurewater. D.Thedifficultyintreatingpollutedwater.15.WhatisGauchotte-Lindsay’ssuggestionabout?A.Choiceofnewresearchmethods. B.Possibledirectionforfurtherstudy.C.Needtoinvolvemoreresearchers. D.Potentialapplicationofthefindings.【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。介紹了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于減少自來水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及全球，甚至進(jìn)入人體。中國研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，將自來水煮沸五分鐘并冷卻后過濾。研究雖未涵蓋所有塑料類型和化學(xué)物質(zhì)，但揭示了一種潛在解決方案。蘇格蘭環(huán)境工程師指出，該研究展示了煮沸法的有效性，并建議升級(jí)飲用水處理廠以推廣應(yīng)用?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容“MicroplasticshavebecomeacommonsourceofpollutionacrosstheEarth—theyhavesettledinthedeepseaandontheHimalayas,stuckinsidevolcanicrocks,filledthestomachsofseabirdsandevenfalleninfreshAntarcticsnow.Theyareevenappearinginsidehumans.(微塑料已經(jīng)成為地球上常見的污染源——它們出現(xiàn)在在深海和喜馬拉雅山上，被困在火山巖中，填滿海鳥的胃，甚至落在南極的新雪中。它們甚至出現(xiàn)了在人類身體里。)”可推斷，作者通過舉例提出微塑料污染的問題。故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Crucially,thisprocessreliesonthewatercontainingenoughcalciumcarbonate(碳酸鈣)totraptheplastics.Inthestudy,boilinghardwatercontaining300milligramsofcalciumcarbonateledtoanalmost90percentdropinplastics.Butinsampleswithlessthan60milligramsofcalciumcarbonate,boilingreducedthelevelofplasticsbyjust25percent.(至關(guān)重要的是，這一過程依賴于含有足夠碳酸鈣的水來捕獲塑料。在這項(xiàng)研究中，將含有300毫克碳酸鈣的硬水煮沸后，塑料含量下降了近90%。但在碳酸鈣含量低于60毫克的樣品中，煮沸只降低了25%的塑料含量。)”可知，決定在水中捕獲微塑料的有效性的事水的硬度。故選A。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Still,thefindingsshowapotentialpathforwardforreducingmicroplasticexposure—ataskthat’sbecomingincreasinglydiffcult.Evenbottledwater,scientistsfoundearlierthisyear,contains10to1,000timesmoremicroplasticsthanoriginallythought.(盡管如此，研究結(jié)果顯示了減少微塑料接觸的潛在途徑——這一任務(wù)正變得越來越困難。今年早些時(shí)候，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使是瓶裝水，其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出10到1000倍。)”可推斷，作者提到瓶裝水是為了說明微塑料污染的嚴(yán)重性。故選B?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的““Thewaytheydemonstratedhowmicroplasticsweretrappedthroughtheboilingprocesswasnice,”CarolineGauchotte-Lindsay,anenvironmentalengineeroftheUniversityofGlasgowinScotlandwhowasnotinvolvedintheresearch,tellsNewScientist.“Weshouldbelookingintoupgradingdrinkingwatertreatmentplantssotheyremovemicroplastics.”(格蘭格拉斯哥大學(xué)的環(huán)境工程師卡羅琳·高肖特-林賽（CarolineGauchotte-Lindsay）沒有參與這項(xiàng)研究，她告訴《新科學(xué)家》雜志：“他們展示的微塑料是如何通過煮沸過程被捕獲的方式很好?！薄拔覀儜?yīng)該考慮升級(jí)飲用水處理廠，這樣它們就能去除微塑料?！?”可知，Gauchotte-Lindsay提出了這項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)的潛在應(yīng)用，升級(jí)飲用水處理廠。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。AnUnsungHeroNeedabreakbetweenclassesorjustaquickpick-me-upinthemorning?TheCollegeCafehasjustthat,andmore._____16_____CatherineMurphy,acafeworkerinagreenshirtandblackhat,makessurethateachcustomergetsexactlywhattheyorder.Shegoesbackandforthbetweenmachinestomakethedrinks._____17_____Asthecustomergrabsthedrinkfromherhand,shesmilesandsays,“Hello,howisyourday?”Evenwhenthelineisgettinglonger,shedoesn’tletitgetinthewayofhergenuineconversations.Murphygetsupataquartertofiveanddrivesthirtyminuteseverydaytogettoworkontime._____18_____“IdosobecauseIliketomakecoffeeforthestudents.Iknowtheyneeditinthemorning,”Murphysaid.Beingamotherandwifehashelpedherbecomethewomansheis.Shebelievessheisheretoserve.OnethingMurphymaynotknowisthathersmileiscontagious(有感染力)andcanbethedifferenceinastudenthavingamuchbetterdaythantheywerehavingbeforeseeingher.JoannaWright,aseniorpoliticalsciencemajor,lovescoffeeandgoestothecafeatleastsixdaysaweek._____19_____“Catherinealwayshasahugesmileonherface,whichalwaysputsmeinacheerfulmood,”Wrightsaid.“Ienjoyworkinginthecafe”Murphysaid._____20_____Shehaseveryintentionofstayingandcontinuingdoingwhatsheloves.A.Thecafeclosesat9pmeveryday.B.Shehastwochildrenagedeightandfour.C.Sometimesshearrivesearlytoservethestudentsearly.D.Afterfinishinganorder,shecallsoutthenameonthecup.E.Notonlydoesthiscafeserveupdrinks,italsoservesupsmiles.F.Goingtothecafestartsherdayoffgoodandgetsherreadyforclass.G.Shehasservedherefor17yearsandcan’timagineworkinganywhereelse.【答案】16E17.D18.C19.F20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述大學(xué)咖啡館工作人員凱瑟琳·墨菲用真誠的服務(wù)和熱情的微笑為學(xué)生帶來溫暖的故事，展現(xiàn)了這位平凡英雄的動(dòng)人之處。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Needabreakbetweenclassesorjustaquickpick-me-upinthemorning?TheCollegeCafehasjustthat,andmore.(課間需要休息或早上快速提神？大學(xué)咖啡館提供這些，還有更多。)”可知，開篇引出咖啡館的功能，空格處需揭示“更多”的內(nèi)涵。E選項(xiàng)“Notonlydoesthiscafeserveupdrinks,italsoservesupsmiles.(這家咖啡館不僅提供飲品，還提供微笑。)”通過“Notonly...also...”結(jié)構(gòu)，既承接“drinks”，又引出下文核心——墨菲的微笑服務(wù)，符合語境。故選E項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Shegoesbackandforthbetweenmachinestomakethedrinks.(她在機(jī)器之間來回制作飲品。)”及下文“Asthecustomergrabsthedrinkfromherhand,shesmilesandsays,“Hello,howisyourday?”Evenwhenthelineisgettinglonger,shedoesn’tletitgetinthewayofhergenuineconversations.(當(dāng)顧客從她手中接過飲品時(shí)，她微笑著說：“你好，今天過得怎么樣？”即使隊(duì)伍越來越長，她也不會(huì)讓這影響到她真誠的交流。)”可推知，設(shè)空處需補(bǔ)充制作飲品后的環(huán)節(jié)。D選項(xiàng)“Afterfinishinganorder,shecallsoutthenameonthecup.(完成訂單后，她會(huì)喊出杯子上的名字。)”中的“finishinganorder”銜接“makethedrinks”，“callsoutthename”引出顧客接飲品的場(chǎng)景，形成“制作—叫號(hào)—交付”的完整流程。故選D項(xiàng)。【18題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Murphygetsupataquartertofiveanddrivesthirtyminuteseverydaytogettoworkontime.(墨菲每天四點(diǎn)四十五起床，開車三十分鐘準(zhǔn)時(shí)上班。)”及下文“IdosobecauseIliketomakecoffeeforthestudents.(我這樣做是因?yàn)槲蚁矚g為學(xué)生煮咖啡。)”可推知，設(shè)空處需進(jìn)一步體現(xiàn)她對(duì)工作的投入。C選項(xiàng)“Sometimesshearrivesearlytoservethestudentsearly.(有時(shí)她會(huì)提前到達(dá)，提前為學(xué)生服務(wù)。)”中的“arrivesearly”補(bǔ)充了“準(zhǔn)時(shí)上班”之外的主動(dòng)性，“servethestudentsearly”呼應(yīng)“l(fā)iketomakecoffeeforthestudents”，展現(xiàn)其敬業(yè)精神。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“JoannaWright,aseniorpoliticalsciencemajor,lovescoffeeandgoestothecafeatleastsixdaysaweek.(喬安娜?賴特是政治學(xué)專業(yè)的大四學(xué)生，她熱愛咖啡，每周至少去這家咖啡館六天。)”及下文““Catherinealwayshasahugesmileonherface,whichalwaysputsmeinacheerfulmood,”Wrightsaid.(賴特說“凱瑟琳總是笑容滿面，這總能讓我心情愉快?！?”可推知，設(shè)空處需說明她頻繁去咖啡館的原因。F選項(xiàng)“Goingtothecafestartsherdayoffgoodandgetsherreadyforclass.(去咖啡館讓她一天有個(gè)好的開始，并為上課做好準(zhǔn)備。)”中的“startsherdayoffgood”解釋了“每周去六天”的動(dòng)機(jī)，且“cheerfulmood”與墨菲的微笑服務(wù)形成因果關(guān)系。故選F項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Shehaseveryintentionofstayingandcontinuingdoingwhatsheloves.(她完全打算留下來，繼續(xù)做自己喜歡的事。)”可推知，設(shè)空處需體現(xiàn)她對(duì)工作的長期投入。G選項(xiàng)“Shehasservedherefor17yearsandcan’timagineworkinganywhereelse.(她已經(jīng)在這里服務(wù)了17年，無法想象在其他地方工作。)”中的“17years”凸顯服務(wù)年限之長，“can’timagineworkinganywhereelse”強(qiáng)化對(duì)咖啡館的情感聯(lián)結(jié)，與“staying”形成直接呼應(yīng)。故選G項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。OneAugustafternoon,Isatinmykitchenstaringataglassvasethathadn’tseendaylightsincemywedding.MyhusbandandIhadjustsoldourhouseandwewerebusy___21___thebelovedhomeourfamilyhadspent23yearsfillingup.Wehaddecidedonkeyitemsforthe___22___weweremovingtointown,donatedwhatwecould,andrentedaplaceto___23___oursupposedlyimportantobjects.Thatleftahousestill___24___withthingsthat,whilenotparticularly___25___,didn’tbelonginalandfill(垃圾填埋場(chǎng)).Itookapictureofthevaseandposteditonline,for$10.Acoupleofmessagescamein,onewantingadditional___26___,anotheraskingforapricecut.Asour___27___daydrewnear,Isettledonanewprice($0)andrepostedit.The___28___:“Ihatethisvase.Maybeyouwon’t.”Inaninstant,awomanracedintomyhouseandlefthappilywiththevase.___29___,Ipostedmore.Mydailypostsandthe___30___Ireceivedbecameapreciousrayoflightinthechaosofmyhouse.Eachexchangeprovidedachanceto___31___thelandfillandtopleaseanotherpersonImightnototherwisehave___32___.Isitinmyapartmenttoday,lovingeachofthe___33___thatshareoursmallspace.Itake___34___inknowingthat,somewherenearby,someoneis___35___somethingthatcouldn’tcomewithus.21.A.paintingover B.lookingaround C.emptyingout D.pullingdown22.A.hotel B.office C.cottage D.apartment23.A.store B.display C.sell D.repair24.A.covered B.decorated C.stuffed D.equipped25.A.conventional B.valuable C.complicated D.tolerable26.A.fees B.photos C.receipts D.models27.A.move B.pay C.market D.work28.A.warning B.request C.description D.reply29.A.Confused B.Interested C.Disappointed D.Encouraged30.A.visits B.reports C.advice D.money31.A.remove B.spare C.find D.check32.A.investigated B.recognized C.encountered D.recommended33.A.giveaways B.posts C.contributions D.belongings34.A.joy B.part C.care D.time35.A.anticipating B.appreciating C.delivering D.withdrawing【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.B26.B27.A28.C29.D30.A31.B32.C33.D34.A35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在搬家過程中通過免費(fèi)贈(zèng)送舊物獲得快樂的故事?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：我和丈夫剛剛賣掉了我們的房子，我們正忙著清空我們一家人花了23年時(shí)間建造的心愛的房子。A.paintingover粉刷覆蓋；B.lookingaround環(huán)顧四周；C.emptyingout清空；D.pullingdown拆除。根據(jù)上文“ MyhusbandandIhadjustsoldourhouse”和下文“thebelovedhomeourfamilyhadspent23yearsfillingup”可推知，此處指作者賣掉了房子，忙著清空房子里的多年來堆積的東西。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們已經(jīng)為即將搬到城里的公寓選定了關(guān)鍵物品，盡可能捐贈(zèng)了能捐的東西，并租了一個(gè)地方來存放我們自認(rèn)為重要的物品。A.hotel酒店；B.office辦公室；C.cottage小屋；D.apartment公寓。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Isitinmyapartmenttoday”可推知，此處指作者一家人搬到了公寓。故選D。【23題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們已經(jīng)為即將搬到城里的公寓選定了關(guān)鍵物品，盡可能捐贈(zèng)了能捐的東西，并租了一個(gè)地方來存放我們自認(rèn)為重要的物品。A.store儲(chǔ)存；B.display展示；C.sell出售；D.repair修理。根據(jù)上文“rentedaplace”以及下文“oursupposedlyimportantobjects”可推知，此處指租地方是為了存放重要物品。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這使得房子里仍然堆滿了那些雖然不是特別值錢，但不應(yīng)該放在垃圾填埋場(chǎng)的東西。A.covered覆蓋的；B.decorated裝飾的；C.stuffed塞滿的；D.equipped配備的。根據(jù)上文“rentedaplaceto

3oursupposedlyimportantobjects”以及下文“withthings”可推知，此處指房子里仍塞滿物品。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這使得房子里仍然堆滿了那些雖然不是特別值錢，但不應(yīng)該放在垃圾填埋場(chǎng)的東西。A.conventional傳統(tǒng)的；B.valuable有價(jià)值的；C.complicated復(fù)雜的；D.tolerable可容忍的。根據(jù)上文“whilenotparticularly”以及下文“didn’tbelonginalandfill”可推知，此處指雖不貴重但不應(yīng)丟棄的物品。故選B。26題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：有幾條信息進(jìn)來了，一條想要更多的照片，另一條請(qǐng)求降價(jià)。A.fees費(fèi)用；B.photos照片；C.receipts收據(jù)；D.models模型。根據(jù)上文“Itookapictureofthevase”及“additional”可推知，此處指有人索要更多照片。故選B?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著搬家日的臨近，我確定了一個(gè)新的價(jià)格（0美元）并重新發(fā)布了它。A.move搬家；B.pay支付；C.market市場(chǎng)；D.work工作。根據(jù)前文搬家背景及下文“daydrewnear”可推知，此處指搬家日臨近。故選A?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：描述：“我討厭這個(gè)花瓶。也許你不會(huì)。”A.warning警告；B.request請(qǐng)求；C.description描述；D.reply回復(fù)。根據(jù)上文“Itookapictureofthevaseandposteditonline”以及下文“Ihatethisvase.Maybeyouwon’t.”可推知，此處指是重新發(fā)布的對(duì)花瓶的描述。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：受到鼓勵(lì)，我發(fā)布了更多。A.Confused困惑的；B.Interested感興趣的；C.Disappointed失望的；D.Encouraged受鼓勵(lì)的。根據(jù)上文“Inaninstant,awomanracedintomyhouseandlefthappilywiththevase.”以及作者后文持續(xù)發(fā)帖的行為，可推知，此處指作者受到鼓舞。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我每天收到的帖子和來我家里的拜訪，在我混亂的房子里變成了一束珍貴的光芒。A.visits拜訪；B.reports報(bào)告；C.advice建議；D.money錢。根據(jù)上文“Inaninstant,awomanracedintomyhouse”以及“Mydailyposts”和后文的互動(dòng)，可推知，此處指去作者家里拜訪。故選A?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：每一次交換都提供了一個(gè)避免垃圾填埋的機(jī)會(huì)，也讓我得以取悅另一個(gè)原本可能不會(huì)遇到的人。A.remove移除；B.spare省得；免去；C.find發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.check檢查。根據(jù)上文語境以及下文“thelandfill”可推知，此處指作者用免費(fèi)贈(zèng)送舊物來代替丟掉舊物垃圾填埋，此處spare引申為“免去”表示免得去垃圾填埋場(chǎng)丟東西。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：每一次交換都提供了一個(gè)避免垃圾填埋的機(jī)會(huì)，也讓我得以取悅另一個(gè)原本可能不會(huì)遇到的人。A.investigated調(diào)查；B.recognized認(rèn)出；C.encountered遇見；D.recommended推薦。根據(jù)上文“anotherpersonImightnototherwise”可推知，此處指免費(fèi)贈(zèng)送舊物讓原本不會(huì)遇見的人感到高興。故選C。【33題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：今天我坐在我的公寓里，愛著我們小空間里的每一件所有物。A.giveaways贈(zèng)品；B.posts帖子；C.contributions貢獻(xiàn)；D.belongings所有物。結(jié)合語境，再根據(jù)上文“Isitinmyapartmenttoday”以及下文“shareoursmallspace”可推知，此處指現(xiàn)在擁有的物品。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：知道就在附近的某個(gè)地方，有人正在欣賞著這件無法隨我們一起走的東西，我感到很快樂。A.joy快樂；B.part部分；C.care關(guān)心；D.time時(shí)間。結(jié)合語境，再根據(jù)上文“l(fā)ovingeachofthe13thatshareoursmallspace.”以及下文“inknowingthat,somewherenearby”可推知，此處指作者免費(fèi)贈(zèng)送舊物，也從中獲得了快樂。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：知道就在附近的某個(gè)地方，有人正在欣賞著這件無法隨我們一起走的東西，我感到很快樂。A.anticipating期待；B.appreciating欣賞；C.delivering遞送；D.withdrawing撤回。根據(jù)上文“Itake13inknowingthat,somewherenearby”以及下文“somethingthatcouldn’tcomewithus”可推知，此處指他人在欣賞這些作者帶不走的，贈(zèng)予的物品。故選B。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。AnexhibitionattheJiushiArtMuseuminShanghaiisfeaturingartworkinspiredbyGo,orweiqiinChinese,____36____originatedinChinamorethan4,000yearsago.Goisoneof____37____earliestbinary-based(基于二元的)games.ThemovementsoftheblackandwhitepiecesreflectthebasicideasofEasternphilosophy,accordingtoTuNingning,whoisinchargeoftheexhibitio