筆譯三級(jí)綜合能力（閱讀理解）模擬試卷3VIP

筆譯三級(jí)綜合能力（閱讀理解）模擬試

卷3

一、閱讀理解（含10小題）（本題共40題，每題1.0

分，共40分。）

TheEuropeanonlinefashionbusinessisfierce.Justaskbackersofone-timehighfliers

like,theurbansportswearretailerthattankedlastyear,and,the

strugglingmen'swearspecialist.Thoseoncestellaronlinebrandsexpandedtoofast,

spentmuchmorethantheyearned,andthenlosttheirinvestorsupportafterInternet

stocksbeganplummetinglastApril.Themarketssentonlinefashionstoresatough

message:comeupwithbusinessmodelsthatgeneraterevenues.Alewfirmshaveshown

thatnotallonlinefashionshopsareInternetdisasters.Copenhagen-based,the

onlinedesigner-labeldiscountstore,Sweden'ssportswearvendorSportusandtheItalian

shirtsstoreMarcoBracciaredoingwellinaverytoughenvironment.Haburi'sdistinctive

businessmodelisanInternetversionofthefactoryoutletwherebrandmanufacturerssell

directlytoconsumersatlowerpricesfromhugeout-of-townshoppingmalls.Michael

Vad,Haburi'sCEO,saysthatEurope'sapparelfactoryoutletsectorcouldyield$10

billioninsalesannually.AccordingtoVad,nationalregulationsthatlimitmallsoutside

citycentershavehamperedthedevelopmentofthissector."Fortheconsumer,thereis

thetwo-hourdrivetothemall,andwhenyougetthere,youdon'tknowwhetheryouwill

getthesizeorcoloryouwant,"saysVad.Bygoingonline,Haburiaimstocutthe

retailer'scosts,saveconsumersthelongdrive,anddeliverorderswithintwoorfivedays.

Haburisplitsnetrevenuefifty-fiftywiththebrandmanufacturers.Apparelisdifficultto

sellonlinebecausepeopleliketofeelandtouchtheclothestheybuy.Fortheonline

retailer,acquiringtheitems,inspectingthem,cleaningandstoringthemcanbe

expensive."Thecostofcustomerserviceintheapparelbusinessismuchhigherthan

sellingbooksorevenfurniture,"saysMatthewNordan,aretailanalystatForrester

Research'sAmsterdamoffice.Unlesslinkedtoamajorestablishedoperation,anonline

retailerneedsacompetitiveedge.Forexample,Italianshirt-makerMarcoBraccisells

expensivegoodsforhighprofitsandhascorneredanichemarket.Dressmart,ontheother

hand,triedtodotoomuchtoosoon.Originallyitplannedtosellonlyshirtsandtomake

theoriginalSwedishoperationprofitablebeforebranchingout.Butwithinmonthsittried

togopan-Europeanandselleverythingincludingties,shoesandsportswear,andtorent

physicaloutletsatairports.Dressmart,onthevergeofbankruptcyandsearchingfora

backer,hasnowscaledbackandoperatesonlyinSweden.

1、TheEuropeanonlinefashionbusiness.

A、hasgonethroughthemostdifficulttimes

B、wasinabigboomsometimeago

C、lostsupportofallitsstockholders

D^mademuchmoneyfromurbansportswearlastyear

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第一段第三句提到“那些曾經(jīng)的主要線上品牌擴(kuò)張得太快，花的比賺

的多得多”，由此可知線上時(shí)裝店曾經(jīng)很繁榮。所以答案為B。

2、ThewordtankedunderlinedinParagraphImeans.

A、shrank

B、protected

C、covered

D、boomed

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：該句中的and表示前后并列，and之后的內(nèi)容提到“專營(yíng)男裝的線上銷

售商dressmarl,com在苦苦掙扎”，由此可知城市運(yùn)動(dòng)服裝的零售商boo.com的

情況也不好。因此tanked和shrank（縮小，收縮）意思一致。

3、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A、Themodelsoftheonlinefashionstoreswerenotsuitable.

B、Someonlinefashionstoresstillmakeprofits.

C、ThereareonlinestoresinItalythatmakemoney.

D、Sweden'sonlinestoresaredoingwellbydiscount.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第二段第二句"Sweden'ssportswearvendorSportus...doingwellin

averyloughenvironment”可知，選項(xiàng)B、C正確；文中并未蜃及瑞典的線上商店

是通過(guò)打折將生意做好的，所以答案為D。

4、Haburi^businessmodel.

A、isfamousforitsownInternetwebpage

B、couldreach$10billioninsalesannually

C、wantstoborrowtheconceptofout-of-townshoppingmalls

D、tendstomakemoneybysellingcheapercommercialgoods

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C-

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題干中提到的Haburi定位到文章第三段，該段第一句提到brand

manufacturersselldirectlytoconsumersatlowerpricesfromhugeout-of-townshopping

malls,答案為C。

5、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofonlineshopping?

A、Customerscansavelimebyonlineshopping.

Onlineshoppinghelpsreduceretailers'cost.

C、Onlineshoppingsavescustomers'energy.

D、Customersaresuretobuyhigh-qualitygoodsonline.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D--

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第四段倒數(shù)第二句在介紹Haburi的目的時(shí)，提到tocuttheretailer's

costs,saveconsumersthelongdrive,anddeliverorderswithintwoorfivedays,而選

項(xiàng)D未被提及。

6、Apparelonlinebusiness.

A、canmeetvariousneedsofcustomers

B、hascomparativelylowercostthanbookstores

C、ishardtomakepeoplebelieveitshigh-qualitygoods

D、hasadvantagesforcustomerstoreturngoods

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C」「

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第五段第一句"Apparelisdifficulttosellonlinebecausepeoplelike

tofeelandtouchtheclothestheybuy.”可知，服飾在網(wǎng)上很難賣，是因?yàn)槿藗兿胍?/p>

感覺(jué)和觸摸一下他們要買的衣服。也就是網(wǎng)上服裝店難以讓人們相信衣服的質(zhì)量，

所以答案為C。

7^Theword"cornered"underlinedinthelastparagraphmeans.

A^acquired

B、drivenaway

C、accumulated

D、contacted

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：句意：意大利的襯衫制造商MarcoBmcci為「獲得rWj額利潤(rùn)而賣昂貴

的產(chǎn)品并已獲得了商機(jī)。comer在此指“壟斷（某種貨品的交易廣。acquire意為“獲

得，學(xué)到“，可以用來(lái)形容“獲得市場(chǎng)”，因此與該句中cornered表達(dá)的意思一致。

driveaway（趕開,趕走）；accumulate（積聚，堆積）；contact（接觸,聯(lián)系）。

8、Dressmart.

A、wasrighttodotoomuchinashortperiodoftime

B、carriedouttheplanofdoingitsbusinessathomefirst

C、madegreatprofitsbyexpandingitsbusinessabroad

D、contracteditsbusinessfromabroadbeforecompletefailure

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第六段最后一句提到“Dressmart曾經(jīng)瀕臨破產(chǎn)而需要尋找支持者，

現(xiàn)已縮小規(guī)模，只在瑞典經(jīng)營(yíng)了scaleback意為“按比例縮減，相應(yīng)縮減“，和選

項(xiàng)D中的contracted表達(dá)的意思一致。

9、Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A、Abetterwayforonlinebusinessistodoitonasmallscale.

B、Mostoftheinvestorsarenear-sightedinonlinebusiness.

C、Itisawisethingtodoonlinebusinessotherthanfashionclothes.

D、Onlinebusinessmustlinktoabigsuccessfulenterprise.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A-

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章首段指出那些曾經(jīng)是線上主要品牌的商家由于擴(kuò)張得太快而以失

敗告終。最后一段給出Dressmart的例子，指出其現(xiàn)已縮小規(guī)模。由此可知，對(duì)于

線上商店來(lái)說(shuō)，一個(gè)比較好的出路就是小規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)，所以答案為A。

10、Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A、UpsandDownsofOnlineBusiness

B、OnlineBusinessVS.TraditionalBusiness

C、ApparelOnlineStores

D、TheFutureofOnlineStores

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本文主要講述了線上商店的繁榮和衰敗，所以答案為A。

Somepioneeringworkthatbeganasanattempttodiscoverwaystoincreaseproduction

efficiencyledtothefoundingofthehumanrelationsmovementinindustryandtothe

developmentofmotivationalskillsandtoolsformanagers.In1927researcherswere

involvedindeterminingtheomimumamountoflighting,temperature,andhumidity

(withlightingbeingconsideredthemostimportant)fortheassemblyofelectronic

componentsatWesternElectric.Theresearchersfoundthatlightinghadnoconsistent

effectonproduction.Infact,productionsometimesincreasedwhenlightingwasreduced

tothelevelofordinarymoonlight!Theimportantpartofthisexperimentbeganwhentwo

Harvardresearchers,EltonMayoandFritzRoethlisberger,werebroughtintoinvestigate

theseunexpectedresultsfurther.Theyfoundthatworkerswererespondingnottothe

leveloflightingbuttothefactthattheywerebeingobservedbytheexperimenters.This

phenomenoncametobeknownastheHawthorneeffectsincetheexperimentswere

conductedattheWesternElectricHawthornePlant.Thiswasthefirstdocumentedand

widelypublishedevidenceofthepsychologicaleffectsondoingwork,anditledtothe

firstseriouseffortaimedatexaminingpsychologicalandsocialfactorsintheworkplace.

Furtherexperimentswerecontinuedforfiveyears.Generally,theresearchersconcluded

fromtheirexperimentsthateconomicmotivation(pay)wasnotthesolesourceof

productivityand,insomecases,noteventhemostimportantsource.Throughinterviews

andtestresults,theresearchersfocusedontheeffectsofworkattitudes,supervision,and

thepeergroupandothersocialforces,onproductivity.Theirfindingslaidthe

groundworkformodernmotivationtheory,andthestudyofhumanfactorsonthejob,

whichcontinuestothisdayinsuchcommonpracticesasselectionandtraining,

establishingfavorableworkconditions,counseling,andpersonneloperations.The

contributionsofthisexperimentshiftedthefocusofhumanmotivationfromeconomics

toamultifacetedapproachincludingpsychologicalandsocialforces.

11、Whatisthepassageprimarilyabout?

A、Thefirstwidelypublisheddevelopmentinmodernmotivationtheory.

BxShiftingthefocusofhumanmotivationfromeconomicstoamultifacetedapproach.

C、Theimportanceofcarefulresearch.

D、TheresultsofapioneeringstudyatWesternElectric.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D-'

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本文主要介紹了兩個(gè)來(lái)自哈佛大學(xué)的研究人員在美國(guó)西部電氣公司的

霍桑工廠所做的試驗(yàn)及由此提出的概念霍桑效應(yīng)(theHawthorneeffect)和此試驗(yàn)所

做出的貢獻(xiàn)。所以答案為D。

12、Theword"optimum'underlinedinParagraphImeans.

A、positive

B、favorable

C、best

D、alternate

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：句意：1927年研究人員為西部電氣公司決定電子配件裝配（部門）的最

佳照明度、溫度和濕度（當(dāng)時(shí)認(rèn)為照明是最為重要的）。此處。pttimum意為“最佳

的，最適宜的“，答案為C。

13、Themostsignificantfindingoftheoriginalresearchwasthat.

A、lightinghadnoconsistenteffectonproduction

B、productionsometimesincreasedwhenlightingwasreducedtothelevelofordinary

moonlight

C、lightingwasnomoreimportantthantheotherfactorsoftemperatureandhumidity

D、theresultswereunexpectedandconfusing

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：參考第2題的解析可知，研究人員開始時(shí)認(rèn)為照明是最重要的，可是

第一段第三句提到“研究人員卻發(fā)現(xiàn)照明沒(méi)有對(duì)生產(chǎn)起到持續(xù)的作用'所以答案為

Ao

14、Whydoestheauthorsaythattheimportantpartofthisresearchbeganwhentwo

Harvardresearcherswerebroughtin?

A、Untilthentheresearchhadbeenpoorlyconducted.

B、Theytookamultifacetedapproach.

C>Theresultsoftheoriginalresearchdidnotmakesense.

D、Harvardhadagoodreputationinconductingresearch.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第一段最后兩句提到“當(dāng)兩個(gè)來(lái)自哈佛大學(xué)的研究人員參與研究時(shí)，

他們發(fā)現(xiàn)工人們對(duì)照明水平?jīng)]有什么反應(yīng)，卻對(duì)研究者的觀察產(chǎn)生很大的反“，由

此他們提出了“霍桑效應(yīng)”這個(gè)新概念。作者認(rèn)為這兩個(gè)人的參與使得這一研究關(guān)注

了多個(gè)方面，而不是局限在原來(lái)設(shè)想的照明、溫度、濕度等方面，所以答案為B。

15>Theresearchbecameknownasthe"Hawthorneeffect"because.

A、itwasthenameoftheplantwherethestudywasconducted

B、itwasthenamesuggestedbytheHarvardresearchers

C、itwasthenameoftheprincipalexperimenter

D、therewereHawthorneplantsgrowingatWesternElectricwherethestudywas

conducted

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第二段第一句提到“因?yàn)檫@一實(shí)驗(yàn)是在西部電氣公司的霍桑工廠進(jìn)行

的，所以這一現(xiàn)象逐漸被人們稱為，霍桑效應(yīng)”二所以答案為A。

16、Theword"it"underlinedinParagraph2refersto.

A^theexperiment

B、economicmotivation

C^theWesternEleciricHawthorneplant

D、theHawthorneeffect

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)上下文可知，此處的it指的就是前面所提到的“霍桑效應(yīng)”，所以

答案為D。

17、Partofthereasonforthechangeinfocusfromeconomicstoamoremultifaceted

approachtothepsychologicaleffectsondoingworkwas.

A、duetotherecognitionthatworkersshouldbehappyatworktomaintainhigh

productivity

ageneralconclusion:hatpaywassometimesnotthemostimportantfactor

C、thattheHawthornestudycontinuedforsolong

D、thattheworkersrequestedit

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析?：第二段最后一句提到“總體上，研究人員從他們的實(shí)驗(yàn)中總結(jié)出經(jīng)濟(jì)

上的激勵(lì)（薪水）不是生產(chǎn)力的唯一來(lái)源，在某些情況下，甚至不是最重要的來(lái)

源”，由此可知人們關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)己經(jīng)不是經(jīng)濟(jì)方面，而是工作時(shí)的心理影響等方

面，所以答案為B。

18、Accordingtothepassage,itcanbeconcludedthata"multifacetedapproach"to

humanmotivationintheworkplacewill.

A^excludeeconomics

B、leadtogreaterproductivity

C、excludephysicalconditions

D^focusmainlyonpsychologicalandsocialforces

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：參考第7題的解析可知，更大限度地提高生產(chǎn)力是在工作場(chǎng)所采取各

種方法調(diào)動(dòng)人們的積極性的目的，所以答案為B。

19、Theword"multifaceted"underlinedinParagraph3means.

A、versatile

complex

C、many-sided

D、multitude

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識(shí)點(diǎn)露析：句意：這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)的貢獻(xiàn)是將對(duì)人的工作動(dòng)力的關(guān)注點(diǎn)從經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)向

了……的方法，這其中包括心理和社會(huì)驅(qū)動(dòng)力。此處multifaceted指“多方面的”，

所以答案為C。

20、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttheHawthornestudy?

A、Itwasthefirstdocumentedevidenceofthepsychologicaleffectsondoingwork.

B、TheHawthornestudycontinuedforfiveyears.

C^Theyfoundthattheworkersrespondednottotheleveloflightingbuttothefactthat

otherworkconditionswerenotfavorable.

D、Thestudychangedthefocusfromeconomicstoamultifacetedapproach.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)》析：第二段第二句提到選項(xiàng)A的內(nèi)容，第二段第三句提到選項(xiàng)B的內(nèi)

容，第三段最后一句提到選項(xiàng)D的內(nèi)容，只有選項(xiàng)C在文中沒(méi)有提及，所以答案

為C。

First,ofcourse,itisplainthatinafewyearseveryonewillhaveathiselbowseveral

timesmoremechanicalenergythanhehastoday.Second,therewillbeadvancesin

biologicalknowledgeasfar-reachingasthosethathavebeenmadeinphysics.Weare

onlybeginningtolearnthatwccancontrolourbiologicalenvironmentaswellasour

physicalone.Starvationhasbeenprophesiedtwicetoagrowingworldpopulation:by

Malthusabout1.8billionandbyCrookesabout1.9billion.Itwasheadedoffthefirst

timebytakingagriculturetoAmericaandthesecondtimebyusingthenewfertilizers.

Soonstarvationwillbeheadedoffbythecontrolofthediseasesandtheheredityof

plantsandanimals—byshapingourownbiologicalenvironment.Andthird,Icomeback

tothehauntingthemeofautomation.Themostcommonspeciesinthefactorytodayis

themanwhoworksormindsasimplemachine-theoperator.Beforelonghewillbeas

extinctasthehand-loomweaverandthedodo.Therepetitivetasksofindustrywillbe

takenoverbythemachines,astheheavytasksweretakenoverlongago;themental

tediumwillgothewayofphysicalexhaustion.Todaywestilldistinguish,evenamong

repetitivejobs,betweentheskilledandtheunskilled,butinafewyearstocomeall

repetitionwillbeunskilled.Wesimplywasteourtimeifweopposethischange.

21、Thisarticlewaswrittento.

A、warnusofimpendingstarvation

presentfactsaboutlifeinthenearfuture

C、opposebiologicaladvances

D、warnofthedangerofautomation

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本文主要列舉了未來(lái)生活的三個(gè)方面，第一是人類將擁有更多的機(jī)械

能(mechanicalenergy),第二是生物學(xué)知識(shí)的發(fā)展(advancesinbiological

knowledge),第三項(xiàng)是自動(dòng)化(automation),所以答案為B。

22>Inthecomingyears,peoplewill.

A、havemoremachinesattheirdisposal

B>experiencestarvation

C^neverwork

D^havefewermachinesattheirdisposal

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第一段提到“很明顯在若干年后每個(gè)人都將會(huì)輕而易舉地?fù)碛斜痊F(xiàn)在

多出好幾倍的機(jī)械能“，由此可知在未來(lái)，人們將會(huì)有更多的機(jī)器供自己使用，所

以答案為A。

23Advancesinbiologicalknowledgehave.

A、keptpacewiththoseinphysics

B、beenresponsiblefbrtheinventionofnewmachines

C、surpassedthoseinphysics

D、laggedbehindthoseinphysics

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析?：第二段首句提到“生物學(xué)知識(shí)的發(fā)展將像物理學(xué)的發(fā)展一樣影響深

遠(yuǎn)”，這表明現(xiàn)在生物學(xué)知識(shí)的發(fā)展還沒(méi)有達(dá)到物理學(xué)的發(fā)展水平，即生物學(xué)知識(shí)

的發(fā)展落后于物理學(xué)的發(fā)展，所以答案為D。

24,Wearebeginningtolearnthatwe.

A、cancontrolourphysicalenvironment

B、cannevercontrolourbiologicalenvironment

C>havenocontroloverourphysicalenvironment

D、cancontrolbothourbiologicalandphysicalenvironments

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第二段第二句提到“我們剛開始了解到我們可以控制我們的生物環(huán)境

和物理環(huán)境”，所以答案為D。

25Inthenearfuture,starvationwillbepreventedby.

A、Chineseagriculture

B、useofnewfertilizers

C、controlofthediseasesandtheheredityofplantsandanimals

D、vitaminpills

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識(shí)點(diǎn)常析：第二段最后一句提到“不久，饑餓將會(huì)通過(guò)控制疾病和動(dòng)植物的遺傳

而得到阻止“，所以答案為C。

26>WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A、Thementaltediumwillnotexistintheend.

B、Thehand-loomweaveristhethingofthepast.

C、Automationisanout-of-datetopictoday.

D、Physicalburdensinthefactoryhavealreadybeenreplaced.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第三段第一句提到“回到縈繞心頭已久的主題—自動(dòng)化“，由此可知

自動(dòng)化這個(gè)主題在今天并沒(méi)有過(guò)時(shí)，所以C項(xiàng)的描述錯(cuò)誤，所以答案為C。

27>Theauthorbelievesbeforelong,machineswill.

A、actuallyreplaceunskilledworkers

B、havelearnedtothinkforus

C、beshapedlikerobots

D、nolongerbeneeded

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：最后一段第二句提到,、不久之后，操作員就會(huì)像手工織。者和渡渡鳥

一樣消失”，由此可知機(jī)器將會(huì)取代非技術(shù)工人，所以答案為A。

28、Therepetitivetasksofindustryleadto.

A、physicalstimulation

B、mentalstimulation

C^mentalexhaustion

D、physicalextinction

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：最后一段第四句中提到“精神上的單調(diào)乏味就會(huì)重蹈身體疲勞的覆

轍”，由此可知出工業(yè)中重復(fù)性的工作將會(huì)導(dǎo)致精神上的疲勞，所以答案為C。

29、Iftheauthor'spredictionsarerealized,thedemandforunskilledworkerswillbe

A、veryhigh

B、verylow

C、thesameastoday

D、constantlyrising

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：最后一段倒數(shù)第二句提到“今天我們依然將工作甚至是重復(fù)性的工作

劃分為需要技能的和無(wú)需技能的，但是幾年后所有的重復(fù)性工作都將是不需要技能

的“，再結(jié)合前幾題的解析可知，如果作者的預(yù)言實(shí)現(xiàn)，機(jī)器將會(huì)取代非技術(shù)工

人，那么對(duì)非技術(shù)工人的需求將會(huì)是非常低的，所以答案為B。

30Fromthepassage,increasedautomation.

A、canbesuccessfullyopposed

B、cannotbeavoided

C^hasnotyetbegun

D、willputeveryoneoutofwork

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，提高自動(dòng)化程度將是不可避免的，所以

答案為B。

Ofalltheareasoflearningthemostimportantisthedevelopmentofattitudes.Emotional

reactionsaswellaslogicalthoughtprocessesaffectthebehaviorofmostpeople."The

burntchildfearsthefire"isoneinstance;anotheristheriseofdespotslikeHitler.Both

examplesalsopointupthefactthatattitudesstemfromexperience.Inoneeasethe

experiencewasdirectandimpressive;intheotheritwasindirectandcumulative.The

Naziswereindoctrinatedlargelybythespeechestheyheardandthebookstheyread.The

classroomteacherintheelementaryschoolisinastrategicpositiontoinlluenceattitudes.

Thisistruepartlybecausechildrenacquireattitudesfromthoseadultswhosewordthey

respect.Anotherreasonisthatpupilsoftendelvesomewhatdeeplyintoasubjectin

schoolthathasonlybeentoucheduponathomeorhaspossiblyneveroccurredtothem

before.ToachildwhohadpreviouslyacquiredlittleknowledgeofMexico,histeacher's

methodofhandlingsuchatopicwouldgreatlyaffecthisattitudetowardMexicans.The

mediathroughwhichtheteachercandevelopwholesomeattitudesareinnumerable.

Socialstudies(withspecialreferencetoraces,creedsandnationalities),sciencematters

ofhealthandsafety,theveryatmosphereoftheclassrmm...theseareafewofthefertile

fieldsfortheinculcationofproperemotionalreactions.However,whenchildrencometo

schoolwithundesirableattitudes,itisunwisefortheteachertoattempttochangetheir

feelingsbycajolingorscoldingthem.Shecanachievethepropereffectbyhelpingthem

obtainconstructiveexperiences.Toillustrate,firstgradepupilsafraidofpolicemenwill

probablyaltertheirattitudesafteraclassroomchatwiththeneighborhoodofficerin

whichheexplainshowheprotectsthem.Inthesameway,aclassofolderchildrencan

developattitudesthroughdiscussion,research,outsidereadingandall-daytrips.Finally,

ateachermustconstantlyevaluateherownattitudes,becauseherinfluencecanbe

deleteriousifshehaspersonalprejudices.Thisisespeciallytrueinrespectto

controversialissuesandquestionsonwhichchildrenshouldbeencouragedtoreachtheir

owndecisionsasaresultofobjectiveanalysisofallthefacts.

31、Thecentralideaoftheabovepassageisthat.

A、attitudesaffectouractions

B、teachersareimportantindevelopingorchangingpupils'attitudes

C、attitudescanbechangedbysomeclassroomexperiences

D、bytheirattitudes,teachersinadvertentlyaffectpupils'attitudes

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第三段第一句提到“小學(xué)老師在影響孩子態(tài)度方面處于關(guān)鍵性的

地位“，接下來(lái)主要講述了為什么老師對(duì)孩子態(tài)度的發(fā)展和改變?nèi)绱酥匾?，由此?/p>

知這篇文章的主旨是老師對(duì)孩子態(tài)度的發(fā)展和改變發(fā)揮著重要作用，所以答案為

Bo

32、Theword"despots"underlinedinParagraph2meanspeople

A、whoenjoyahighreputation

whoareverysuccessfulinpolitics

C、withunlimitedpowers

D、whodepositalargesumofmoneyinabank

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C'

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第二段第一句提到…一朝被灼傷，見(jiàn)火就害怕’是一種情況，另一種

是像希特勒一樣的獨(dú)裁者的出現(xiàn)“，由此可知despot的意思是“獨(dú)裁者”，即“獨(dú)攬政

權(quán)、擁有無(wú)限權(quán)力的人”，所以答案為C。

33、Thepupils'attitudesareNOTinfluencedbyaccordingtothepassage.

A^theirparents*persuasiontobehaveproperly

theirteachcrs,attitudes

C、thespeechestheyhearandthebookstheyread

D、suchmediaassocialstudies,sciencemattersandclassroomatmosphere

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第二段最后一句提及選項(xiàng)C。文中最后一段第一句提到“老師必須不

斷地評(píng)估自己的態(tài)度，因?yàn)槿绻龓в袀€(gè)人偏見(jiàn)，那么她的影響便是有害的“，所

以老師的態(tài)度也會(huì)影響孩子的態(tài)度，故B項(xiàng)正確。第四段第二句提到選項(xiàng)D。只

有A項(xiàng)在文中沒(méi)有提及，所以答案為A。

34、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthepupils.

A、usuallystudyacertainsubjectingreaterdetailsathomethanatschool

B、usuallydonotstudyacertainsubjectathome

C>studythesubjectsonlyatschool

D、studyasubjectmoredeeplyatschoolthanathome

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第三段第三句”...thatpupilsoftendelvesomewhatdeeplyintoa

subjectinschoolthathasonlybeentoucheduponathome…''可知,孩子們?cè)趯W(xué)校研究

某一課題要比在家研究得更深入，所以答案為D。

35、Theexampleofthepupils'learningaboutMexicoshowsthat.

A、achildusuallylearnstherightthingsfromtheirteachers

B、ateachercancorrectapupiPswrongideas

C>ateacher'sattitudecaninfluenceachild'sattitudebyteaching

D、achild'sattitudeisverychangeable

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第二段最后一句提到“對(duì)于一個(gè)以前對(duì)墨西哥知之甚少的孩子來(lái)說(shuō),

老師處理這一話題的方式會(huì)極大地影響孩子對(duì)墨西哥人的態(tài)度”，由此可知老師在

教學(xué)過(guò)程中的態(tài)度可以影響孩子的態(tài)度，所以答案為C。

36、Theauthorimpliesthat.

A、theteachershouldguidealldiscussionsbyreve