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詞匯課堂版本:新譯林單元:必修三Unit4(Extendedreading—Project)本單元詞匯梳理1.involve:in-(進入、使)+-volve(卷入),詞源義和基本義是“使卷入”
詞塊:involvedoingsth,involvesb/oneselfin(doing)sth
派生詞:involved,involvement2.credit:cred(totrust信任)+-it(名詞后綴)→信任
一詞多義,基本義為“信任”;熟詞生義“學分”
詞塊:creditcard3.moral:詞塊:moralstandards;派生詞:morally,immoral4.apply:一詞多義:基本義“一物用在另一物上(use)”詞塊:applyforajob,applytouniversity,applytosb,applysunscreen,applyoneselfto
詞族:apply,applicant,application5.mystery:抽象名詞具體化:意為“神秘的事物”時是可數(shù)名詞派生詞:mysterious
6.ignorance:ignorance:i-(in-不)+gnor(toknow)+-ance(名詞后綴)
→不知道→無知7.freedom:free(adj自由的)+-dom(表示狀況或狀態(tài))8.authority:author(n
作者)+-ity(名詞后綴)
一詞多義:基本義“權(quán)威”詞塊:anauthorityon,inauthority,theauthorities9.permit:permit:per-(through完全、始終)+mit(letgo/send放出、送出)→完全放出→許可
permit與allow用法一樣,比allow正式;派生詞:permission10.responsibility:responsible+-ity
詞塊:take/haveresponsibilityfor=beresponsiblefor,accept/shoulderresponsibility,it’sone’sresponsibilitytodosth11.declare:de-(表示強調(diào))+clare(toclarify澄清;闡明)→說清楚;講明白→宣布;聲稱
派生詞:declaration
12.nationality:national(adj國家的)+-ity(名詞后綴)詞族:nation,national,nationality,international13.putforward:一詞多義,基本義“把……提前”14.evolution:evolve(v
進化)+-ion15.publish:詞源同public,詞源義為“makepubliclyknown”→使(作品等)公開化→出版、發(fā)表
派生詞:publisher,publishing16.marriage:marry—marriageinvolvecreditdeclare重難點詞精講applyresponsibilityauthority一詞多義英語釋義一詞多義一詞多義熟詞生義搭配義英語釋義publish一詞多義詞根詞綴permit英語釋義搭配義本杰明·富蘭克林(BenjaminFranklin,1706—1790),美國政治家,美國獨立戰(zhàn)爭時期重要的領(lǐng)導人之一。同時他也是一位物理學家,發(fā)明了避雷針,最早提出電荷守恒定律。這是一句教育名言,有人說它出自本杰明?富蘭克林,更多的人認為它是一句荀子經(jīng)典語錄的英文版。你能把這個句子翻譯成中文嗎?荀子involve不聞不如聞之,聞之不如見之,見之不如知之,知之不如行之;學至于行之而止矣。行之,明也?!盾髯印と逍А穒nvolvevt
包含;需要tomakesthnecessaryinanactivityorsituation:involve(doing)sth:Acrosstalkperformanceinvolvestalking,imitating,singingandtellingjokes.Theworkofateacherinvolvesloveanddevotion.2010上海改詞源解讀:involve:in-(進入、使)+-volve(卷入),詞源義和基本義是“使卷入”同義異構(gòu):include
涉及;影響toaffectorberelatedtosb/sth:Ifyourgoalinvolvesotherpeople,putyourselfintheirpositions.2009上海Howmanyvehicleswereinvolvedinthecrash?
使參加tomakesbtakepartinsth:involvesb/oneself(insth):Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.2014福建同義異構(gòu):affect,influence同義異構(gòu):takepartin/participateininvolved
adj
參與的;投入的:be/getinvolved(in/with):Whateveryoudo,don’tbeabystander.Get
involved.2016
四川Childrencangetalotoutofbeinginvolvedinvolunteerwork.Fathersareencouragedtobemoreinvolvedwiththeirchildren.involvement
n[U]參與
【詞匯拓展】同義詞:participationinvolve語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖包含需要“使卷入”因而包含涉及;影響“使(人)卷入”某項活動使參加“使卷入”因而是必要組成部分“使卷入”因而與之有關(guān)聯(lián)involve使卷入creditcard在我們的生活中處處可見,你知道TA的故事來源嗎?creditcreditcredit
據(jù)說第一張信用卡(creditcard)是由就餐者俱樂部(DinersClub)發(fā)行的,這張卡的發(fā)明者是該俱樂部的創(chuàng)始人——弗蘭克?麥克納馬拉(FrankMcNamara)。有一次弗蘭克請客吃飯,卻偏偏忘了帶錢夾,付賬時尷尬萬分。通達的老板解圍說:“我知道你信譽
(credit)一向非常好,下次來一起付吧。”這起意外使弗蘭克得到了啟發(fā),他和朋友施耐德(RalphSchneider)合作,在紐約創(chuàng)辦了“就餐者俱樂部”,為200名會員發(fā)放一張證明身份和支付能力的卡片,他們憑卡片可以在紐約27家飯店用餐而不需帶現(xiàn)金(cash),到時只要和就餐者俱樂部一次清賬就可以了。信用卡就是一種信貸
(credit)。
[U]
信用;信譽:gain/lose
credit
Itisimportanttopayyourelectricitybillontime,aslatepaymentsmayaffectyourcredit.2016浙江
[U]
賒賬;信貸:Itdoesn’tmatterwhetheryoupayincashorbycreditcard
inthisstore.2012山東改Mostnewcarsareboughton
credit.credit
R3
ncredit來自詞根cred(tobelieve,trust相信、信任),
基本義為“信任”
[C]&[U]存款額:I’llputa300-dollarcreditonyouraccount.2010北京
[U]贊揚;功勞praiseorapprovalthatyougivetosbforsththeyhavedonewell:Ican’ttakeallthecredit
for
theshow’ssuccess—itwasateameffort.Theynevergivemeanycredit
foralltheextraworkIdo.
[C]學分:Idon’thaveenoughcreditstograduate.tosb’scredit為某人增光;值得贊揚:Totheircreditthefourcountriesdoworktogetherinsomeareas,buttheystillhaveverydifferentinstitutions.同義異構(gòu):praise
[不用于進行時]認為是……的功勞;把……歸功于:Thecompanyiscreditedwithinventingtheindustrialrobot.Muchoftheteam’ssuccesscanbecreditedto
theirmanager.credit
v信任(基本義)credit學分基于“信任”的延期付款被“信任”能還款的狀態(tài)贊揚;功勞做出成績被“信任”credit語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖被“信任”的學業(yè)成績基于“信任”的存款存款額賒賬;信貸信用;信譽認為是……的功勞;把……歸功于nvapply詞源義:bringthingsincontactwithoneanother,使事物接觸彼此,即“一物用在另一物上”(touse)。
vt
涂;敷:Apply
thesunscreen/cream/lotionevenlyto
yourfaceandneck.
vt努力;使專注于:
Recently,hehasappliedhimselftohisstudies.乳液等用于皮膚
vt手壓;腳踩:applythebrakesHeslowedthebleedingbyapplyingpressuretothewounds.手腳等用于某物上將精力等長期用于某事
vi申請
tomakeaformalrequest,usuallyinwriting:①applyforsth:applyforajob/passport/visaIamwritingtoapplyforthepostofvolunteerforour
schoolEnglishassociation.2018浙江書面表達②
applytosb/sth(forsth):applytoacompany/university③
applytodosth:Heappliedtostudycompositionwiththewell-known
musician.2013山東將才能等用于工作/任務(wù)
vi&vt[不用于進行時](對……)適用;(對……)有效:
If
theconstitutionsaidthatallpeoplewerefreeandequal,thenshethoughtitshouldapplytoher.2014山東
vt運用;應(yīng)用;使用:Weplantoapply
whatwewilllearninclassto
ourfutureprofessionsandtoourlives.2018全國改將知識、技術(shù)等用于某領(lǐng)域?qū)⒊橄笫挛镉糜谀橙嘶蚰城榫耙晃镉迷诹硪晃锷希ɑ玖x)apply手壓;腳踩乳液等用于皮膚將知識、技術(shù)等用于某領(lǐng)域?qū)⒊橄笫挛镉糜谀橙嘶蚰城榫芭Γ皇箤W⒂趯⒕Φ乳L期用于某事apply語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖手腳等用于某物上將才能等用于工作/任務(wù)(對……)適用/有效申請涂;敷運用;應(yīng)用;使用【拓展】同族詞apply,applicant,applicationapplicant
n[C]申請人;應(yīng)征者:successfulapplicants【溫故】application
n[C]&[U]
申請;申請書;申請表:
應(yīng)用;運用;[縮略為app]應(yīng)用程序:makepracticalapplicationof
newtechnology
toteachingThisisanewinventionthatwillhaveawiderangeofapplications
inindustry.ajobapplicationaccept/rejectsb’sapplicationfillin/outanapplication(form)同義異構(gòu):useauthority詞源解讀
在古歐洲,能解決爭端的書或文章等都是有權(quán)威的,而能寫出這些書籍和文章的人即作者也都是很有權(quán)威的人。在歷史發(fā)展過程中,由“有權(quán)威的篇章”這一具體的概念衍生出抽象釋義“權(quán)威;權(quán)力”等。authority的各層釋義都與“權(quán)威”有關(guān),故基本義為“權(quán)威”。author(n
作者)+-ityauthorityn
[C]權(quán)威人士;專家;泰斗(specialist):Heisanauthorityonvocabulary.
[U]權(quán)威;權(quán)力;當權(quán)thepowertogiveorderstopeople:Teenagers,whentheygrowup,begintoquestiontheirparents’authorityandwisdom.InSingapore,rankisimportantandauthorityisrespected.2014浙江改CouldIspeaktosomeonein
authority
(=whohasapositionofpower)here,please?
[U](正式的)許可;授權(quán)theofficialrightorpermissiontodosth:Noonemayenterwithoutmyauthority.
[C][常用復數(shù)]官方;當局:healthauthorities
Wereportedthetrainaccidenttotheauthorities.外國人在中國居住和工作,需要有居留許可證(residencepermit)、就業(yè)證(employmentpermit)。如果你在外國留學期間工作,也需要有許可證。residencepermit居留許可證employmentpermit就業(yè)證permit&permission同根詞:
admit:
ad-(to去)+mit(toletgo,send放行,送)→容許……進入
commit:
com-(together一起)
+mit(tosend送)→將人送去承擔義務(wù)等
→(使)承擔義務(wù);(使)作出保證permit詞源解讀per-(through通過)+mit(tosend送)→送其過去使通過→許可;準許permitv[正式用語]
vt
許可;準許toallowsthtohappenorsbtodosth反forbidMobilephoneconversationsarenotpermittedanywhereinthelibrary.2013
天津①permitsbsth:Pleasepermitmeafewwords.②permitsbtodosth:Hepermittedmetoretakethetest,andIpulledmygradetoanA.
vi&vt(使)成為可能:I’llpickyouupattheairportiftimepermits.We’llstarttomorrow,weatherpermitting(=iftheweatherisgoodenough).Cashmachinespermit
you
towithdrawmoneyatanytime.注:permit和allow的用法相似,permit是正式用語;指天氣、時間等客觀因素允許時,只能用permit。permit
n[C]許可證;執(zhí)照:aresidence/parkingpermit【詞匯拓展】permission
n[C]許可;準許:askpermissionHeenteredtheroomwithoutpermission.Withyourpermission,I’dliketotalktoyoursonalone.permissiontodosth:Giveyourselfpermissiontorestwhenyou’retired.2010安徽注意動詞和名詞發(fā)音不同友誼是一種甜蜜的責任,絕不是一種機會。 ——紀伯倫紀·哈·紀伯倫(KahlilGibran,1883
—1931)黎巴嫩作家、詩人、畫家,阿拉伯文學的主要奠基人,20世紀阿拉伯新文學道路的開拓者之一,被稱為藝術(shù)天才、黎巴嫩文壇驕子。其主要作品有《淚與笑》(ATearandaSmile),《先知》(TheProphet),《沙與沫》(SandandFoam)等,紀伯倫、魯迅和泰戈爾是近代東方文學走向世界的先驅(qū)。
[U]&[C]責任;職責:
shoulder(a)responsibilityThemediahasamoralresponsibilitytoreportnewstruthfully.Itisourresponsibility/Wehavearesponsibilitytoprotecttheenvironment.—OK,I’vehadenoughofit.Igiveup.—Youcan’trunawayfrom/escapeyourresponsibilities.2012江蘇改
[U](對不良事件所負的)責任:Takingresponsibilityforsomethingthatwentwrongisamarkofgreatmaturity.
2010天津Nooneiswillingtoacceptresponsibilityfortheaccident.responsibilitynresponsible+-ityhavearesponsibilityfor(doing)sth/todosthaccept/assume/bear/shoulder/takeresponsibilityforsthresponsibilityfallsonsbshareresponsibilityavoid/escaperesponsibilityabig/heavy/hugeresponsibilityfull/totalresponsibilitycollective/sharedresponsibilitysocialresponsibilityasenseofresponsibilityresponsibility的搭配declare
vt
宣布;聲明tosaysthofficiallyorpublicly:InSeptember1939,BritaindeclaredwaronGermanyafterGermanyinvadedPoland.①declare+that從句:Thecourtdeclaredthatstrikeactionwasillegal.②declaresth/sb(tobe)sth:Theareahasbeendeclaredanationalpark.③declaresth+adj:Thechairmandeclaredtheceremonyopen;allofuspresentcheered.de-(表示強調(diào))+clare(toclarify澄清;闡明)→說清楚;講明白→宣布;聲稱declare
聲稱;宣稱tostatesthfirmlyandclearly:HedeclaredthathewouldputhumansonMarsinlessthanadecade.Elladeclaredherself(tobe)happyandsatisfied.
申報(納稅品等):Ifyouhavenothingtodeclare,gothroughtheGreenChannel.?declarationn[C]&[U]聲明;宣告;宣言:TheDeclarationofIndependence《獨立宣言》(TheDeclarationofIndependence)是一份于1776年7月4日由托馬斯·杰斐遜起草,并由其它13個殖民地代表簽署的最初聲明美國從英國獨立的文件。publishv
vt出版;發(fā)行:Thecompanyhaspublishedallofthatauthor’sworks.
vt&vi刊登/發(fā)表(作品):TheresultsofhisexperimentswerepublishedinChinain1966.?
publishingn[U]出版(業(yè))?
publishern[C]出版商publish詞源同public,詞源義為“makepubliclyknown”→使(作品等)公開化→出版;發(fā)表publish詞源解讀本單元的詞根詞綴說出下列單詞的詞根詞綴的漢語釋義。1.Thechairmansteppedontotheplatformanddeclaredthemeetingopen.declare:de-(表示強調(diào))+clare(toclarify澄清;___________)→說清楚、講明白→___________2.Itisimportanttopayyourelectricitybillontime,aslatepaymentsmayaffectyourcredit.(2016浙江)credit:cred(totrust)+-it(名詞后綴)→被___________能還款的狀態(tài)→___________3.Mobilephoneconversationsarenotpermittedanywhereinthelibrary.(2013天津)permit:per-(through完全、始終)+mit(toletgo/send放出、送出)→完全___________→___________說清楚宣布信任信用放出許可/允許4.HeraisedhisglassandindicatedthatIshoulddothesame.indicate:in-(toward向、對著)+dic(tosay說)+-ate(動詞后綴)→對著人說→__________5.Ibecameinterestedinplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.(2019全國)accident:ac-(to向、朝)+cid(tofall___________)+-ent(名詞后綴)→突然落向人的事→_________6.Youmayrealisethatheorshewasactingoutofignorance,fearandevenlove.ignorance:i-(in-不)+gnor(toknow)+-ance(名詞后綴)→不知道→_________指示/示意英語單詞構(gòu)詞法的核心部分在于詞根,詞根決定單詞的意思。詞根可以單獨構(gòu)成單詞,也可以通過添加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成新詞。了解詞根意思,掌握構(gòu)詞規(guī)律,有助于準確、高效記憶詞匯。落下意外無知本單元金句匯總1.Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.2014福建2.Childrencangetalotoutofbeinginvolvedinvolunteerwork.3.Ican’ttakeallthecredit
for
theshow’ssuccess—itwasateameffort.4.IamwritingtoapplyforthepostofvolunteerforourschoolEnglishassociation.2018浙江書面表達5.Itisourresponsibility/Wehavearesponsibilitytoprotecttheenvironment.6.Takingresponsibilityforsomethingthatwentwrongisamarkofgreatmaturity.
2010天津7.Thechairmandeclaredtheceremonyopen;allofuspresentcheered.隨堂檢測involve一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesin
communityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.(2014福建)___________2.Michellefoundajobasahighschoolteacherwhichinvolvesspendingquitealotoftimewithstudents.(2013福建) ___________3.“Genius”isacomplicatedconcept(復雜的概念),involvingmanydifferentfactors.(2012上海) ___________4.Thetestwillinvolveansweringquestionsaboutaphoto. ___________參加
需要
涉及
包含二、根據(jù)所給漢語,用適當?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1.Parentsshould______________________(參與)theirchild’seducation.2.Morethan100people______________________(參與)theproject.3.Iwasso______________________(全神貫注地看書)thatIdidn’thearyouknock.involvethemselvesinwereinvolvedininvolvedinmybook寫出下列句子中credit的漢語釋義。1.Givingpubliccredit
tosomeonewhohasearneditisthebestleadershiptechniqueintheworld.(2005廣東)
__________2.WordthatIwastrustworthyandhard-workinggotaroundtown.AlocalclothingstoreofferedmecreditalthoughIwasonlyinseventhgrade.(2003北京) __________3.Thelibraryhaslockersforstudentstostorethings.Whenyouhavegotatleast40credits,youmayrentalocker.(2013天津改) __________4.Itwashardtocreditsomeofthestoriesweheardabouther.__________5.Heisagreatyoungmanwhoisacredittohisfamilyandtohisschool. __________6.What’sthecreditlimit
onyourcreditcard? __________credit贊揚賒賬學分信任;相信為……增光信用額度漢譯英。1.申請志愿者的工作________________________________2.將所學用于實踐________________________________3.涂抹化妝品_______________4.施壓/用力____________________5.Benwoulddowellifonlyhe____________________(努力).
(apply)applyforajobasavolunteerapplywhatonehaslearnedtopracticeapplymake-upapplypressure/forceappliedhimselfapply6.我的申請若能得到您的批準,我將感激不盡。(2011重慶書面表達)_____________________________________________________7.這些規(guī)定對所有人都適用,包括你。______________________________________________________8.我正在申請一家外企的暑期兼職工作,剛剛寫完了求職信和簡歷。(2016全國書面表達改)______________________________________________________Iwouldappreciateitifmyapplicationcouldgetyourapproval.Therulesapplytoeveryone,includingyou.I’mapplyingforapart-timejobataforeigncompanyduringthesummervacation,andIhavejustcompletedmyapplicationletterandresume.authority寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Theauthoritieshaverefusedtolethimenterthecountry. __________2.Weneedtogetthesupportofsomeoneinauthority. __________3.Hehastheauthorityforhandlingthismatter. __________4.Sheisoneoftheworld’sleadingauthoritiesonfish. __________5.I’llgivemylawyersauthoritytoactonmybehalf. __________當局權(quán)威權(quán)利專家授權(quán)一、在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Nopetsexceptfish____________(permit)instudentrooms.(2015天津)2.Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather__________(permit).(2012全國改)3.Passengersarepermitted_______(carry)onlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane.(2011天津改)4.IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter_______________(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.(2016全國)arepermitted
permitting
tocarry
(tobe)permitted
permit5.—Whatareyougoingtodothisweekend?—Itdepends.Iftime___________(permit),ImaygotoShanghaiwithmyfriends.(2012福建)6.VisitorswishingtoleavetheCastleforrefreshments(點心)inthetownmayobtainre-entry___________(permit)fromthecastleshops.(2010天津)7.Youmustask__
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