危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域劃分IEC60079-10-1-2解讀

危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域劃分Areaclassification——IEC60079-10-1/-2解讀Application

of

latest

edition

of

IEC

60079-10-1/-2com/fanwen/com/shiti/1/jiaoan/PPT論壇：www.1p01

區(qū)域劃分的重要性importanceofareaclassification02

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)IEC

60079－10－1/-2standard

requirements示例sample03目錄/Contents煤礦事故造成大量人員傷亡。Accidents

in

coal

mines

occurred

andleadto

heavycasualties.原因：電氣設(shè)備的電火花是引起瓦斯爆炸的主要原因。

Causes

:

result

of

ignition

of

Firedampbysparks

(oftengenerated

by

electrical

apparatus)

leadingtothosecatastrophic

accidents

.01

化工生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的絕大部分材料屬于具有易燃易爆的物質(zhì)，容易

引發(fā)燃燒和爆炸。Manyexplosiveorcombustible

material

used

inOil&

gas

andchemical

industriesandalsogenerated

manyaccidents

(fire,explosion).

原因：防爆電氣設(shè)備選型和使用導(dǎo)致的安全問(wèn)題

Cause:Safety

problems

relatedtothe

design

and

useofelectricalapparatus

in

hazardous

areas01suspensionFuelOxygeninairConcentrationHEXAGONEXPLOSIONSource

of

ignitionExplosivity

limits01Gasor

Dust

in(heat)

爆炸性環(huán)境應(yīng)采取以下安全措施Inasituationinwhichtheremay

be

anexplosive(flammable)atmosphere

,thefollowingstepsshouldbe

taken:a)消除點(diǎn)燃源周?chē)霈F(xiàn)爆炸性氣體環(huán)境的可能性eliminatethe

likelihoodofanexplosivegasatmosphereoccurringaroundthesourceof

ignition,

orb)消除點(diǎn)燃源eliminate

the

source

of

ignition.如果不可能，應(yīng)選擇保護(hù)性措施、過(guò)程設(shè)備、系統(tǒng)和程序等a)和b)共同存在的可能性減少至可接受的程度Wherethisisnotpossible,protective

measures,

processequipment,systemsandproceduresshould

beselected

and

preparedsothe

likelihoodofthecoincidenceofa)andb)

is

so

small

as

to

beacceptable.01

區(qū)域劃分Area

classification

:

通過(guò)分析和定義可能出現(xiàn)爆炸性氣體環(huán)境的場(chǎng)所進(jìn)行正確的設(shè)備選用，確保安全的方法。methodofanalysingandclassifyingthe

environment

whereexplosivegasatmospheresmayoccursoas

tofacilitate

the

proper

selectionand

installationofequipmenttobeusedsafely

inthat

environment.

制定工廠操作和維護(hù)安全規(guī)程的依據(jù)。Allows

preparationofsafety

proceduresfor

plantoperationand

maintenance.

通過(guò)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)降低整體安裝的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。Theareaclassificationprocess

reducestheoverall

installation

risklevelthroughdesignimprovements.01

油氣生產(chǎn)處理工廠Oil&gas

productionand

processing

plants:-陸上onshore-海上offshore

:

platforms,

FPSO

(Floating

ProductionStorage

Offloadingvessels)

油氣罐，開(kāi)采船Oilandgastankers,drilling

ships

煉油廠Oil

refineries

化工廠PetrochemicalandChemical

processing

plants

氣體管線(xiàn)和配送站Gas

pipelinesanddistributioncenters

加氣站或加油站Re-fuellingstationsor

petrolstations02氣體區(qū)域劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于爆炸性氣體、蒸氣與空氣構(gòu)成混合物的環(huán)境，但不適用于：It

is

intendedto

be

appliedwherethere

may

bean

ignition

hazarddue

to

the

presence

offlammablegasorvapour,

mixedwithair,

but

it

does

not

apply

to:a)瓦斯礦井minessusceptibletofiredamp;b)爆炸物處理和制造工業(yè)the

processingand

manufactureof

explosives;c)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)未規(guī)定的災(zāi)難性或罕見(jiàn)故障catastrophicfailuresor

raremalfunctionswhichare

beyondtheconceptofabnormality

dealtwith

in

thisstandard

(see

3.7.3and

3.7.4);d)

醫(yī)療室rooms

usedfor

medical

purposes;02氣體區(qū)域劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)e)使用低壓燃料氣體的商業(yè)和工業(yè)場(chǎng)所commercialandindustrialapplicationswhereonly

low

pressurefuelgas

is

usedforappliances

e.g.

for

cooking,water

heatingandsimilar

uses,wherethe

installation

iscompliant

with

relevantgas

codes;f)家用環(huán)境domestic

premises;g)可燃性粉塵或纖維wherea

hazard

mayariseduetothe

presence

of

combustibledustsorcombustibleflyings

butthe

principles

may

be

used

in

assessmentofa

hybrid

mixture

(referalsoIEC

60079-10-2).02氣體區(qū)域劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相比前一版本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，新版標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作了大量的修改，更加貼合實(shí)際的工業(yè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)環(huán)境。通過(guò)使用zone的方法劃分危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域，從而確保正確的設(shè)備選

型和安裝，并提供了一些新的評(píng)估手段。Incorporatessignificantchangestoaddress

shortcomingsof

previouseditionsand

provides

newevaluationtools.02氣體區(qū)域劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)區(qū)域劃分的方法釋放形式釋放源的計(jì)算方法示例文檔評(píng)估危險(xiǎn)場(chǎng)所的范圍用稀釋進(jìn)行通風(fēng)評(píng)定

某一位置的區(qū)域劃分876502氣體區(qū)域劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)新版本的技術(shù)修訂內(nèi)容1423l簡(jiǎn)單方法：采信國(guó)際或地區(qū)出版物的典型圖表l組合方法：在設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)階段采用簡(jiǎn)單方法，后期通過(guò)釋放源評(píng)估方法（附錄F）進(jìn)行優(yōu)化評(píng)估l基于經(jīng)驗(yàn)評(píng)估：已有同類(lèi)區(qū)域劃分的經(jīng)驗(yàn)可作

為新區(qū)域劃分的依據(jù)。擴(kuò)展區(qū)域劃分的方法02氣體區(qū)域劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)新版本的技術(shù)修訂內(nèi)容釋放形式物質(zhì)特性影響釋放及區(qū)域的范圍：氣體物質(zhì)，壓力液化的氣體，溫度液化的氣體，液池等。

Characteristics

haveinfluenceonthe

release

behaviorandtheshape

of

hazardous

area.02氣體區(qū)域劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)新版本的技術(shù)修訂內(nèi)容釋放形式高壓氣體的釋放源可能發(fā)生自稀釋現(xiàn)象，區(qū)域的形狀受釋放速度的影響發(fā)生改變。

Ahighpressuregaseousreleasemay

be

self-dilutingwithcertain

conditionwiththe

shapeof

the

hazardous

areainfluence

by

releasevelocity.新版本的技術(shù)修訂內(nèi)容低壓氣體釋放主要受密度和大氣條件的影響。Low

pressure

gasrelease

influenced

by

material

vapourdensityandatmospheric

conditions.釋放形式新版本的技術(shù)修訂內(nèi)容氣體或蒸氣的釋放速率增加了流量因素的系數(shù)和二級(jí)釋放源的通孔尺寸（附錄B）coefficientofdischargefactorandholecrosssectionaldiametersforsecondarygrades

of

release規(guī)定了蒸發(fā)池的蒸發(fā)速率，并新增了確定體積圖表新版本的技術(shù)修訂內(nèi)容液體釋放速率增加了流量因素的系數(shù)用于確定蒸氣

池尺寸和釋放速率。釋放源的計(jì)算方法03

蒸發(fā)池的釋放速率0201某一位置的區(qū)域劃分根據(jù)“釋放等級(jí)”，“通

風(fēng)可用性”和區(qū)域內(nèi)通風(fēng)

的“有效性”來(lái)確定室內(nèi)

和露天場(chǎng)所的區(qū)域Zone

classification

based

on

the

gradeof

release,availability

of

ventilation

and

the

effectiveness

ofventilation。新版本的技術(shù)修訂內(nèi)容用稀釋進(jìn)行通風(fēng)評(píng)估?密閉區(qū)域enclosed

area——通風(fēng)速率及背景濃度

ventilationvelocityand

backgroundconcentation?人工通風(fēng)區(qū)域

artificiallyventilatedenclosures-平均流速averageflow

velocitycaused

byventilationsystem?

自然通風(fēng)區(qū)域

naturally

ventilated

enclosures-熱煙道效應(yīng)及通風(fēng)

a

functionofthethermalstack

effect,wind

effects

or

both新版本的技術(shù)修訂內(nèi)容用稀釋進(jìn)行通風(fēng)評(píng)估稀釋是將釋放稀釋至安全

水平的通風(fēng)或大氣條件

dilution

is

ameasure

of

the

ability

ofventilation

or

atmosphericconditionsto

dilutea

releaseto

a

safe

level.02氣體區(qū)域劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)新版本的技術(shù)修訂內(nèi)容根據(jù)釋放類(lèi)型確定危險(xiǎn)

區(qū)域的范圍

extentof

hazardous

area

based

on

the

typeand

behavior

of

release.評(píng)估危險(xiǎn)場(chǎng)所的范圍新版本的技術(shù)修訂內(nèi)容文檔文件化的設(shè)計(jì)信息包括：documeneteddesign

information:?

使用的信息來(lái)源（代碼，國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或計(jì)算）

sources

ofinformation

used?氣體蒸氣擴(kuò)散計(jì)算gasdispersion

calculation?考慮到建筑物通風(fēng)位置的通風(fēng)特性研究study

of

ventilationcharacteristics?易燃材料的特性propertiesof

flammable

materials?識(shí)別和標(biāo)識(shí)釋放源identificationand

locationofsources

of

release新版本的技術(shù)修訂內(nèi)容文檔文件化的設(shè)計(jì)信息包括：documenteddesign

information:區(qū)域劃分文件還應(yīng)包括區(qū)域類(lèi)型和范圍、氣體組別，點(diǎn)燃

溫度和/或溫度組別的計(jì)劃，高程或三維模型等。Plan,elevationor

three

dimensional

models

indicating

the

type

andextend

of

zone,

group

classification,

ignition

temp.

and/or

temperature

class.02氣體區(qū)域劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)新版本的技術(shù)修訂內(nèi)容示例附錄E示例：sample泵應(yīng)用在戶(hù)外場(chǎng)所pumpapplicationin

open

air泵應(yīng)用在封閉的場(chǎng)所pumpapplicationwithinanenclosed

location

處理容器在露天processvessel

inopen

air控制閥處于擁堵位置controlvalve

inacongested

location封閉處理管道process

pipinginan

enclosed

location壓縮機(jī)設(shè)施處理天然氣compressorfacility

handling

naturalgas02氣體區(qū)域劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)新版本的技術(shù)修訂內(nèi)容-釋放的特征characteristics

of

release-場(chǎng)所特征characteristicsof

location-釋放影響effectsof

release-區(qū)域劃分hazardousarea

classification區(qū)域劃分的程序02氣體區(qū)域劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)新版本的技術(shù)修訂內(nèi)容粉塵場(chǎng)所釋放形成粉塵云，包括粉塵積聚或粉塵層。

Formation

of

a

dustcloudfromanysourceof

release,

including

a

layer

or

accumulation釋放形成粉塵層，不會(huì)產(chǎn)生粉塵云，但粉塵層因自燃、高溫等發(fā)生點(diǎn)燃，成為點(diǎn)燃源。

Formation

of

dust

layers,

which

are

not

likelytoform

a

dust

cloud,

but

may

ignite

dueto

self-heating

or

exposure

to

hotsurface.The

ignited

layer

mayalso

bean

ignition

source.02粉塵區(qū)域劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)粉塵區(qū)域評(píng)估與氣體區(qū)域劃分方法類(lèi)同，但有特殊性：similartoflammablegasandvapour

area

classification,

but?

粉塵環(huán)境會(huì)出現(xiàn)粉塵層和粉塵云的不同情況；

formulation

ofdust

and

layer?

高濃度（爆炸上限）的粉塵層可能會(huì)形成爆炸性粉塵云環(huán)境；

very

highconcentration

may

beexplosive?

并非所有的粉塵釋放會(huì)形成粉塵危險(xiǎn)環(huán)境；not

every

source

of

release

produceexplosivedustatmosphere.

粉塵區(qū)域劃分02粉塵區(qū)域劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)粉塵區(qū)域評(píng)估與氣體區(qū)域劃分方法類(lèi)同，但有特殊性similar

toflammablegasandvapourarea

classification,

but

:?

粉塵云內(nèi)的密度不是平均的，

dust

clouds

are

rarely

of

uniformdensity.?

粉塵云不能采取通過(guò)通風(fēng)措施來(lái)消除dust

not

removed

by

mechanicalextractionorventilation;?

稀釋和少量釋放也會(huì)形成爆炸粉塵層。粉塵區(qū)域劃分02粉塵區(qū)域劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)粉塵場(chǎng)所–煤礦井下,underground

miningareas,–

不需要氧氣會(huì)產(chǎn)生爆炸的粉塵，自燃物質(zhì)，煙火、彈藥等

dustsofexplosivesthat

donotrequireatmospheric

oxygen

forcombustion,ortosuchaspyrophoricsubstances,

propellants,

pyrotechnics,

munitions,

peroxides,

oxidizers,

waterreactive

elements

or

compounds,

or

othersimilar

materials,–標(biāo)準(zhǔn)未規(guī)定的病變引起的災(zāi)難性故障

catastrophic

failures

which

are

beyondtheconceptofabnormalitydealt

with

in

this

standard–

粉塵釋放的可燃性或毒性氣體any

risk

arising

from

an

emission

of

flammableortoxicgas

from

the

dust.02粉塵區(qū)域劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)影響粉塵區(qū)域劃分的因素?

粉塵燃燒特性combustibleor

not?

材料特性Materialcharacteristics?

粉塵泄漏類(lèi)型Natureofdust

releases?

運(yùn)行和維修程序，包括日常保養(yǎng)Operational

and

maintenanceregime

proceduresforthe

plant,

including

housekeeping.?

其他設(shè)備與安全信息Otherequipmentandsafety

information02粉塵區(qū)域劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)粉塵區(qū)域劃分的程序1.識(shí)別物料的燃燒特性及物料特征：尺寸、溫度、粉塵層和

粉塵云的最低點(diǎn)燃溫度和導(dǎo)電性等identify

whether

the

material

iscombustibleand,forthe

purpose

of

assessment

of

ignition

sources,

determinethe

materialcharacteristics2.確定環(huán)境中使用的電氣設(shè)備可能存在或產(chǎn)生釋放源

identifyitems

of

equipment

where

explosive

dust

containment

mixtures

may

becontainedorsources

of

dust

release

can

be

present3.確定釋放源出現(xiàn)粉塵爆炸性環(huán)境的可能性

determine

thelik