2025屆山東省臨沂市高三一?？荚囉⒄Z(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試題PAGEPAGE1山東省臨沂市2025屆高三一?？荚囉⒄Z(yǔ)試卷第一部分聽力(略)第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AHEARINGHASCHANGEDRecordnumberoflong-timehearingaidwearersareastonishedtofindnewdirect-to-youhearingaidspricedbetween$549and$629,outperformtheir“thousands-of-dollars”devices.Delivereddirectlytoyou,withnoappointmentsorhearingtestsrequired,theyarereadytouserightawaywiththesimplepressofabutton.“Havingtrialledfourdifferentsetsofhearingaidsfromtwoaudiologycentreswithoutcompletesatisfaction,IorderedtwoJaspa3hearingaids.IcouldhardlybelievehowmuchmorenaturalsoundingtheJaspaaidswereincomparisontotheveryexpensiveaidsIhadtrialled.Itissosmallthatpeoplearoundmedon’tevennoticeI’mwearingahearingaid.I’mnowwearingthemeachdayasrequiredandfindthemverygood.”—Aaron“Receivedthisafternoon.Couldn’tbelievethespeedofdelivery,welldoneguys.Theseaidsaresosimpleyeteffective.Fromfirsttrying,Iamsittingherewithasmileallovermyface.TheTVison,andIcanactuallyhearitveryclearly.Asauser,untilnow,ofthefreegovernmentsuppliedhearingaidsandofhavingputupwiththemforfouryearsthereisjustnocomparison,yoursleavethemfordead.”—Peter“Mymotherwasabouttospend$5000+onahearingaidsoIgotaJaspa3afterreadingsomereviews.Mymotherisdelightedwiththedeviceandwecannowhaveadecentconversationwithouthavingtoconstantlyapologiseorguessingwhethertosayyesorno.”——Zoran(Readmorereviewsatwww.PocketAid.co.nz)1．Whatcanweknowaboutthenewhearingaids?A．Theyarethecheapestever. B．Theyarecomplicatedtooperate.C．Theyarelittleandfunctionwell. D．Theyneedtobereservedinadvance.2．WhydoesPeterlikethenewhearingaids?A．Theirdesignsareveryfashionable.B．Thegovernmentoffersthemforfree.C．Hecanseethingsmoreclearlywiththem.D．Theyareexpressedfastandhavegoodeffects.3．Whatcanweinferfromthereviews?A．Thereviewersarepartofmanyconsumers.B．Thereviewersarepeoplewithhearingloss.C．Theconsumerscangetbonusfromthecompany.D．Theconsumersareaskedtoadvertisetheequipment.【答案】1．C2．D3．B【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一款面向消費(fèi)者銷售的新型助聽器。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段提到“Recordnumberoflong-timehearingaidwearersareastonishedtofindnewdirect-to-youhearingaidspricedbetween549and629,outperformtheir‘thousands-of-dollars’devices.(創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的長(zhǎng)期助聽器佩戴者驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，新的直接面向消費(fèi)者的助聽器售價(jià)在549美元至629美元之間，性能優(yōu)于他們‘?dāng)?shù)千美元’的設(shè)備。)”和第二段“Itissosmallthatpeoplearoundmedon’tevennoticeI’mwearingahearingaid.I’mnowwearingthemeachdayasrequiredandfindthemverygood.(它太小了，周圍的人甚至都沒注意到我戴著助聽器。我現(xiàn)在每天按要求戴著它們，發(fā)現(xiàn)它們非常好用。)”可知，新型助聽器很小，而且功能很好。故選C。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Couldn’tbelievethespeedofdelivery,welldoneguys.Theseaidsaresosimpleyeteffective.(真不敢相信送貨速度這么快，干得好，伙計(jì)們。這些助聽器如此簡(jiǎn)單卻有效。)”可知，Peter喜歡新的助聽器是因?yàn)樗鼈兛爝f速度快，效果很好。故選D。3．推理判斷題。Aaron提到“Havingtrialledfourdifferentsetsofhearingaidsfromtwoaudiologycentreswithoutcompletesatisfaction,IorderedtwoJaspa3hearingaids.(在兩家聽覺中心試用了四套不同的助聽器，但都不完全滿意，于是我訂購(gòu)了兩臺(tái)Jaspa3助聽器。)”；Peter提到“Asauser,untilnow,ofthefreegovernmentsuppliedhearingaidsandofhavingputupwiththemforfouryearsthereisjustnocomparison,yoursleavethemfordead.(作為一個(gè)用戶，到目前為止，一直使用政府免費(fèi)提供的助聽器，并且忍受了它們四年，簡(jiǎn)直無法相比，你們的助聽器讓它們相形見絀。)”；Zoran提到“Mymotherwasabouttospend$5000+onahearingaidsoIgotaJaspa3afterreadingsomereviews.Mymotherisdelightedwiththedevice.(我媽媽正準(zhǔn)備花5000多美元買一臺(tái)助聽器，所以我讀了一些評(píng)論后買了一臺(tái)Jaspa3。我媽媽對(duì)這臺(tái)設(shè)備很滿意。)”可知，根據(jù)這三位評(píng)論者所說的話可推測(cè)出，評(píng)論者是有聽力損失的人。故選B。BFour-year-oldCamilalovestodressupandrarelyleavesthehousewithoutlipstick.Camila’smotherAnnetteVeaLopezdidn’talwaysknowhowtorespondtoCamila’sself-expression,butsinceparticipatingintheCasadelosNinosParentsasTeachersprogram,shenowacceptsherdaughter’sfashionchoiceshappily.“Camila’sbeenveryindependentsinceshewasveryyoung,”VeaLopezsaid.“Adultswouldalwayscommentonhermakeupandhowshedressed.Shewasalwaysverygirly.She’s4nowandstillthatway.That’sjustherpersonality.Weloveherjustassheis.AndwelovethatParentsasTeachersalwaysencouragedustoletCamilabeherself.”VeaLopezheardabouttheParentsasTeachershomevisitationprogramfromafriendwhosuggestedthatshetakepartwiththen1-year-oldCamila.TheFTFPSRPCouncilfundsthisprogramtohelpparentsbecometheirchild’sfirstandbestteachers.ParentsasTeachersgivesfamiliespersonalized,in-homesupportthroughatrainedparenteducator.Duringhomevisits,theparenteducatorintroducedthefamilytoactivitiesthatsupportsocial-emotionaldevelopment,suchasbeingabletorecognizeandlabelemotions.VeaLopeznoticestheimpacttheseactivitieshavehadonherdaughter.“IseethatCamila’sconfidenceandself-esteemhavegrown.Shebegantoopenuptomemoreandtalkaboutwhenshewasfeelinganxiousorwhatsheneededsupportwith.”saidVeaLopez.Camilarecentlygraduatedfromtheprogramandisreadyforkindergarten.VeaLopezfeelsindebtedtoParentsasTeachersforhelpinggetherthere.4．HowdidAnnettefeelaboutCamila’sself-expressionatfirst?A．Helpless. B．Favorable. C．Unclear. D．Indifferent.5．WhatcanweknowfromVeaLopez’swordsinparagraph2?A．Camilahaschangedherpersonalityasshegrowsolder.B．ParentsasTeacherssupportsCamilatobetruetoherself.C．Camila’sindependencestartedwhenshewas4yearsold.D．Adults’commentsonCamilahadanegativeimpactonher.6．WhatisthepurposeoftheParentsasTeachersproject?A．Toraisemoremoneyforneedyfamilies.B．Toensuregreatharmonyineveryfamily.C．Totrainchildrentobemorepersonalized.D．Tohelpparentsbringuptheirchildrenwell.7．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“feelsindebtedto”meaninthelastparagraph?A．Sponsors. B．Boosts. C．Credits. D．Assesses.【答案】4．A5．B6．D7．C【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇記敘文。本文講述了四歲女孩Camila和她的母親AnnetteVeaLopez參與“家長(zhǎng)即教師”項(xiàng)目后，母親學(xué)會(huì)了如何更好地支持女兒的自我表達(dá)，以及該項(xiàng)目對(duì)家庭產(chǎn)生的積極影響。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Camila’smotherAnnetteVeaLopezdidn’talwaysknowhowtorespondtoCamila’sself-expression.(Camila的母親AnnetteVeaLopez并不總是知道如何應(yīng)對(duì)Camila的自我表達(dá))”可推知，一開始Annette對(duì)于Camila的自我表達(dá)感到無助。故選A。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“That’sjustherpersonality.Weloveherjustassheis.AndwelovethatParentsasTeachersalwaysencouragedustoletCamilabeherself.(這就是她的個(gè)性。我們愛她本來的樣子。我們喜歡‘家長(zhǎng)即教師’項(xiàng)目總是鼓勵(lì)我們讓Camila做自己)”可推知，“家長(zhǎng)即教師”項(xiàng)目支持Camila保持自我。故選B。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“TheFTFPSRPCouncilfundsthisprogramtohelpparentsbecometheirchild’sfirstandbestteachers.ParentsasTeachersgivesfamiliespersonalized,in-homesupportthroughatrainedparenteducator.(FTFPSRP委員會(huì)資助這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，幫助父母成為孩子的第一個(gè)也是最好的老師?！议L(zhǎng)即教師’項(xiàng)目通過受過訓(xùn)練的家長(zhǎng)教育者，為家庭提供個(gè)性化的家庭支持)”可推知，該項(xiàng)目的目的是幫助父母更好地?fù)狃B(yǎng)和教育孩子。故選D。7．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Camilarecentlygraduatedfromtheprogramandisreadyforkindergarten.(Camila最近從這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中畢業(yè)了，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好上幼兒園了)”及下文“forhelpinggetherthere”可知，Camila順利畢業(yè)，VeaLopez認(rèn)為是“家長(zhǎng)即教師”項(xiàng)目幫助Camila成長(zhǎng)，所以她應(yīng)該是感激這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。由此可知，feelsindebtedto表示“感到感激或欠某人的情”，C選項(xiàng)“Credits”有“歸功于；感激”的意思，最貼近“feelsindebtedto”的含義。故選C。CStatisticsshowthatthemarketvalueofglobalExtendedReality(XR)industryhasgonebeyond$20.4billion.XR,anumbrellatermincludingtechnologiessuchasVirtualReality(VR),AugmentedReality(AR)andMixedReality(MR),referstoreal-and-virtualcombinedenvironmentsandhuman-machineinteractionsgeneratedbywearabledevicesandcomputertechnology.AsXRtechnologiesbecomemoremature,theyhavebeengraduallyappliedinmorescenarios(場(chǎng)景)thatarecloselyrelatedtothedailylifeofordinarypeople,andhaveseennewconsumermarketsinrecentyears.TheapplicationofXRtechnologieshasmadeitpossibleforusersto“traveltothepast”and“wanderintheuniverse”throughvirtualtrips.AnXRexperiencestoreinShenzhen,recentlylaunchedaprogrameforcitizens,whichinvolveddigitaltourstotheJurassicperiod(侏羅紀(jì))andouterspace.XRtechnologieshavealsobeenintegratedintotheapplicationscenariosconcerningsmarttourismprojects.XRtechnologiescanhelptouristattractionslaunchsystemsthatenablevisitorstobetterlearnaboutfarawayplacesandremotetimesinimmersive(沉浸式的)scenes,aswellastouristguidesystemsandothersystemsthatbringwonderfulexperiencesforvisitorsthroughVRorARglasses,mobileappsandbrowsers.Comparedwithofflinetours,scenariosreproducedbyXRtechnologiescanenrichtheexperiencesofusers.China’sSpringFestivalGalalastyearadoptedXRtechnologies,enablingsingerswhocouldn’tbepresentatthegalatogiveperformancesremotely.TheXRindustryisfullofpossibilities,andthe5Gtechnologyisconsideredacatalyst(催化劑)forfurtherstimulatingitspotential.LastJanuary,thebranchofChinaMobile,amajorChinesetelecommunicationsoperatorinZhengzhou,builttheprovince’sfirst“5G+XR”commercialcomplexinshoppingmall.Industryinsiderspointedoutthatwithconstantprogressbeingmadeinthelarge-scaledeploymentofthe5Gnetworkanditsinnovativeapplications,the“5G+XR”modelisproducingalargenumberofnewapplicationscenariosincludingsocialnetworking,officework,entertainment,exhibitionandeducation,whichwillprovidebroaddevelopmentspacefortheXRindustry.8．Whatisparagraph1mainlyabout?A．ThehistoricaldevelopmentofXRtechnologies.B．TheXRtechnologiesandtheircommercialvalue.C．ThechallengesfacedbytheXRindustryintheglobalmarket.D．ThecomparisonbetweenXRandotheremergingtechnologies.9．HowdoesXRhelpindailylife?A．Helpvisitorsbetterplantheirtravelroutes.B．Takeuserstotravelinouterspaceinperson.C．Letsingersindifferentplacessharethesamestage.D．Maketouristattractionsmoreenvironmentallyfriendly.10．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutthe“5G+XR”model?A．IthasbeenwidelyusedinZhengzhou.B．Itwillleadtomorepeopletofailtosocialize.C．Itwillcreatemanynewopportunitiesforpeople.D．Ithasmadetraditionalshoppingmallsdisappear.11．HowdoesthewriterintroducetheuseofXRtechnologiesinthetext?A．Bylistingdata. B．Bygivingexamples.C．Bymakingcomparisons. D．Byexplainingreasons.【答案】8．B9．C10．C11．B【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】這篇文章是一篇說明文。主要介紹了擴(kuò)展現(xiàn)實(shí)（XR）技術(shù)的定義、應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景以及其與5G技術(shù)的結(jié)合所帶來的潛力。8．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段前二句“StatisticsshowthatthemarketvalueofglobalExtendedReality(XR)industryhasgonebeyond$20.4billion.XR,anumbrellatermincludingtechnologiessuchasVirtualReality(VR),AugmentedReality(AR)andMixedReality(MR),referstoreal-and-virtualcombinedenvironmentsandhuman-machineinteractionsgeneratedbywearabledevicesandcomputertechnology.(統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，全球擴(kuò)展現(xiàn)實(shí)（XR）行業(yè)的市場(chǎng)價(jià)值已超過204億美元。XR是一個(gè)涵蓋虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)（VR）、增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí)（AR）和混合現(xiàn)實(shí)（MR）等技術(shù)的總稱，指的是通過可穿戴設(shè)備和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)生成的虛實(shí)結(jié)合環(huán)境和人機(jī)交互。)”可知，本段主要介紹了XR市場(chǎng)價(jià)值和它包含了那些技術(shù)，也就是XR的技術(shù)及其商業(yè)價(jià)值。故選B項(xiàng)。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“China’sSpringFestivalGalalastyearadoptedXRtechnologies,enablingsingerswhocouldn’tbepresentatthegalatogiveperformancesremotely.(去年的中國(guó)春節(jié)聯(lián)歡晚會(huì)采用了XR技術(shù)，使得無法到場(chǎng)的歌手能夠遠(yuǎn)程表演。)”可知，XR技術(shù)可以讓不同地方的歌手共享同一個(gè)舞臺(tái)，這是生活中運(yùn)用XR技術(shù)的一個(gè)例子。故選C項(xiàng)。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Industryinsiderspointedoutthatwithconstantprogressbeingmadeinthelarge-scaledeploymentofthe5Gnetworkanditsinnovativeapplications,the“5G+XR”modelisproducingalargenumberofnewapplicationscenariosincludingsocialnetworking,officework,entertainment,exhibitionandeducation,whichwillprovidebroaddevelopmentspacefortheXRindustry.(業(yè)內(nèi)人士指出，隨著5G網(wǎng)絡(luò)大規(guī)模部署及其創(chuàng)新應(yīng)用的不斷推進(jìn)，“5G+XR”模式正在產(chǎn)生大量新的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景，包括社交、辦公、娛樂、展覽和教育，這將為XR行業(yè)提供廣闊的發(fā)展空間。)”可知，“5G+XR”模式將應(yīng)用于多種新場(chǎng)景，能給人們創(chuàng)造許多新的機(jī)會(huì)。故選C項(xiàng)。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“AnXRexperiencestoreinShenzhen,recentlylaunchedaprogramforcitizens,whichinvolveddigitaltourstotheJurassicperiodandouterspace.(深圳的一家XR體驗(yàn)店最近為市民推出了一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，其中包括侏羅紀(jì)時(shí)期和外太空的數(shù)字之旅。)”，第三段第二句“XRtechnologiescanhelptouristattractionslaunchsystemsthatenablevisitorstobetterlearnaboutfarawayplacesandremotetimesinimmersive(沉浸式的)scenes,aswellastouristguidesystemsandothersystemsthatbringwonderfulexperiencesforvisitorsthroughVRorARglasses,mobileappsandbrowsers.(XR技術(shù)可以幫助旅游景區(qū)推出系統(tǒng)，讓游客通過沉浸式場(chǎng)景更好地了解遠(yuǎn)方的地方和遙遠(yuǎn)的年代，同時(shí)還能通過VR或AR眼鏡、移動(dòng)應(yīng)用程序和瀏覽器等設(shè)備，為游客帶來精彩的體驗(yàn)，例如旅游導(dǎo)覽系統(tǒng)和其他相關(guān)系統(tǒng)。)”，以及第四段“China’sSpringFestivalGalalastyearadoptedXRtechnologies,enablingsingerswhocouldn’tbepresentatthegalatogiveperformancesremotely.(去年的中國(guó)春節(jié)聯(lián)歡晚會(huì)采用了XR技術(shù)，使得無法到場(chǎng)的歌手能夠遠(yuǎn)程表演。)”可知，作者通過列舉XR技術(shù)在深圳的體驗(yàn)店、智能旅游項(xiàng)目以及春節(jié)聯(lián)歡晚會(huì)中的應(yīng)用，介紹了XR技術(shù)的使用。這是通過舉例來介紹XR技術(shù)的應(yīng)用。故選B項(xiàng)。DEvolutioncanperformspectacularchanges.Butsomeorganismslikethecoelacanth,amodern-dayfish,seemtochangeverylittleovereras.Scientistshavelongwonderedhowthesespecieswithstandthepressuresofnaturalselection.Thecurrenttheoryforthis“stasisparadox(停滯悖論)”isthatstabilizingselection,whichfavorsmoderatefeatures,keepssomespeciesunchanged,unlikedirectionalselectionthatcauseschange.However,astudypublishedinthePNAScontradictsthisidea,showingthatevolutionconstantlyfavorsdifferentfeaturesinseeminglyunchanginganimalsthatimproveshort-termsurvival.Inthelongterm,though,“allthatevolutioncancelsoutandleadstonochange,”saysthestudy’sleadauthor,JamesStroud,abiologistattheGeorgiaInstitute.Stroudandhiscolleaguesstudiedfouranolelizard(變色龍蜥蜴)species,allrelativelyunchangedfor20millionyears,livingonasmallislandinFlorida.Theresearcherscapturedmembersofthesepopulationseverysixmonthsforthreeyears.Theymeasuredeachlizard’sheadsize,leglength,massandheight,aswellasthesizeofitsstickytoepads,notingwhichindividualssurvived.Stroudexpectedtoobservestabilizingselectionatworkpreservingmoderatefeatures.Insteadhesawclearerevidenceofdirectionalselection:somelizardswithuniquefeatures,suchasstickiertoessurvivedbetterintheshortterm.Ineachgeneration,though,thebestfeatureschanged—forinstance,longlegsaidedsurvivalinsomeyearsandshortlegsinothers.Thedirectionandstrengthofselectionswungsomuchthatsometimestherewasnoclearpattern.Becausethenewstudyshowsthatnaturalselectionfavoredextremefeaturesfromyeartoyearratherthanmoderateones,itsresultsdon’tsupportthetheoryofstabilizingselection.Manynewfeaturesareevolvingintheshortterm,buttheydon’tprovideacrucialadvantageoverthelongterm.Inotherwords,speciesinstasismaysimplyhavefoundthebestpossiblecombinationoffeaturesforlastingsuccessintheirenvironment.Sowhathappenswhenastatic(靜態(tài)的)speciesenvironmentchangesmoredramatically?Tohelpanswerthisbiggerquestion,StroudisstillmakingtripstoFloridatofollowevermoregenerationsofthelizards.12．Whatis“stasisparadox”accordingtothetext?A．Directionalselectionkeepssomespeciesunchanged.B．Somespecieschangerapidlywhileothersremainunchanged.C．Somespeciesseemfreefromthepressuresofnaturalselection.D．Stabilizingselectionprefersextremefeatureskeepingspecieschanged.13．WhatdidStroudandhiscolleaguesdointhestudyofanolelizards?A．Comparingdifferentlizardspeciesandstudyingtheirfossils.B．Studyingvariousfeaturesoflizardsandtheirsurvival.C．Measuringthesurvivalrateoflizardseveryyear.D．Focusingonthelivingconditionsoflizards.14．WhatdidStroudfindinthestudyofanolelizards?A．Somefeaturesoflizardschangedinashortterm.B．Stabilizingselectionplayedakeyroleinevolution.C．Manyevolvednewfeaturescanofferalastingbenefit.D．Sharpenvironmentchangescausedgreateffectsonlizards.15．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．StabilizingSelection:TheKeytoSpeciesStasis.B．StasisParadox:TheTraditionalTheoryProvenRight.C．DirectionalSelection:TheDominantForceinSpeciesEvolution.D．RethinkingStasisParadox:InsightsfromAnoleLizardStudies.【答案】12．C13．B14．A15．D【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇說明文。本文主要講述了科學(xué)家們對(duì)物種停滯悖論的研究，特別是通過對(duì)變色龍蜥蜴的研究來挑戰(zhàn)傳統(tǒng)理論，提出了新見解。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Butsomeorganismslikethecoelacanth,amodern-dayfish,seemtochangeverylittleovereras.(但是一些生物，比如腔棘魚，一種現(xiàn)代的魚類，似乎在很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間里變化很小。科學(xué)家們長(zhǎng)期以來一直想知道這些物種是如何抵抗自然選擇的壓力的。目前對(duì)這種‘停滯悖論’的理論是，穩(wěn)定選擇有利于中等特征，使一些物種保持不變，這與導(dǎo)致變化的定向選擇不同。)”和第二段“Scientistshavelongwonderedhowthesespecieswithstandthepressuresofnaturalselection.Thecurrenttheoryforthis‘stasisparadox’isthatstabilizingselection,whichfavorsmoderatefeatures,keepssomespeciesunchanged,unlikedirectionalselectionthatcauseschange.(科學(xué)家們長(zhǎng)期以來一直想知道這些物種是如何抵抗自然選擇的壓力的。目前對(duì)這種‘停滯悖論’的理論是，穩(wěn)定選擇有利于中等特征，使一些物種保持不變，這與導(dǎo)致變化的定向選擇不同。)”可知，停滯悖論指的是一些物種在長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)似乎沒有發(fā)生顯著變化，即它們似乎不受自然選擇壓力的影響。故選C。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Stroudandhiscolleaguesstudiedfouranolelizardspecies,allrelativelyunchangedfor20millionyears,livingonasmallislandinFlorida.Theresearcherscapturedmembersofthesepopulationseverysixmonthsforthreeyears.Theymeasuredeachlizard’sheadsize,leglength,massandheight,aswellasthesizeofitsstickytoepads,notingwhichindividualssurvived.(Stroud和他的同事研究了四種變色龍蜥蜴，它們?cè)诜鹆_里達(dá)的一個(gè)小島上生活了2000萬年，幾乎沒有變化。研究人員在三年內(nèi)每六個(gè)月捕捉一次這些種群的成員。他們測(cè)量了每只蜥蜴的頭部大小、腿長(zhǎng)、質(zhì)量和高度，以及它粘性腳趾墊的大小，并記錄哪些個(gè)體存活了下來。)”可知，Stroud和他的同事研究了蜥蜴的各種特征及其生存情況。故選B。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Ineachgeneration,though,thebestfeatureschanged—forinstance,longlegsaidedsurvivalinsomeyearsandshortlegsinothers.(然而，在每一代中，最好的特征都會(huì)發(fā)生變化——例如，在某些年份，長(zhǎng)腿有助于生存，而在其他年份，短腿則有助于生存。)”可知，蜥蜴的一些特征，如腿長(zhǎng)，在短期內(nèi)是會(huì)發(fā)生變化的。故選A。15．主旨大意題。文章主要講述了科學(xué)家們對(duì)物種停滯悖論的研究，特別是通過對(duì)變色龍蜥蜴的研究來挑戰(zhàn)傳統(tǒng)理論，提出了新見解。選項(xiàng)D：RethinkingStasisParadox:InsightsfromAnoleLizardStudies.(重新審視停滯悖論：來自變色龍蜥蜴研究的啟示)準(zhǔn)確地概括了文章的主題。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Sedimentayrock(沉積巖)isatypeofrockthatcoversaboutthreefourthsofEarth’slandsurface.16Theselayerscanbeseenclearlyinsteeprockwalls.Therearemanydifferentkindsofsedimentaryrock.17Somesedimentaryrocksformaswindandwaterleavebehindsmallbitsofrockandsand.Othersformfromchemicalsorfromtheremainsoflivingthings.Themostcommonkindsofsedimentaryrockconsistofdepositsleftbehindbywater.Thewaterwearsawayrocksandcarriesawaysandandsmallbitsofrock.Thesemineralsaredepositedinmanyplaces.Overtime,thedepositsbuildupintolayers.18Theweightofthelayerspressesthebitsofrocktogether.Waterseepsthroughthelayers,leavingmineralsthatcementthebitstogethertoformrock.Someoftherocksformedbywindandglaciersareloessandtillite.19Thisyellowrockcoverslargeregionsoftheworld.Arockmadeupoflargebitsofrockthathavecombinedtogetheriscalledtillite.20Chalkandcoalaretwokindsofrockthatforminthisway.Chalkformsfromanimalskeletonsandshellsthatgatheronthefloorofthesea.Coalisformedfromtheremainsofplants.Overtime,thelayersofdeadmatterbecomesolidchalkandcoal.Allsedimentaryrocktakesthousandsofyearstoform.A．Buttheyhavedifferentfeatures.B．Eachkindformsinadifferentway.C．Chalkandcoalcomefromthesamesubstances.D．Sedimentaryrockcanevenformfromtheremainsoflivingthings.E．Itisformedwhenmineralsandothermatteraredepositedinlayers.F．Weakrockformedfromthedustblownbythewindiscalledloess.G．Overthousandsofyears,oldlayersofmatterarecoveredbynewlayers.【答案】16．E17．B18．G19．F20．D【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了沉積巖的形成和特點(diǎn)。16．根據(jù)上文“Sedimentayrock(沉積巖)isatypeofrockthatcoversaboutthreefourthsofEarth’slandsurface.(沉積巖是一種覆蓋地球陸地表面約四分之三的巖石。)”和下文“Theselayerscanbeseenclearlyinsteeprockwalls.(在陡峭的巖壁上可以清楚地看到這些層。)”可知，空處是在說明沉積巖是怎么形成的，且提到了“層”。選項(xiàng)E“它是由礦物質(zhì)和其他物質(zhì)分層沉積形成的”符合語(yǔ)境，且選項(xiàng)中的“l(fā)ayers”呼應(yīng)了下文的“Theselayers”。故選E。17．根據(jù)上文“Therearemanydifferentkindsofsedimentaryrock.(有許多不同種類的沉積巖。)”和下文“Somesedimentaryrocksformaswindandwaterleavebehindsmallbitsofrockandsand.Othersformfromchemicalsorfromtheremainsoflivingthings.(一些沉積巖是由風(fēng)和水留下的小塊巖石和沙子形成的。其他的則由化學(xué)物質(zhì)或生物遺骸形成。)”可知，空處承上啟下，說明不同種類的沉積巖的形成方式不同。選項(xiàng)B“每種的形成方式都不同”符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。18．根據(jù)上文“Overtime,thedepositsbuildupintolayers.(隨著時(shí)間的推移，沉積物堆積成層。)”和下文“Theweightofthelayerspressesthebitsofrocktogether.Waterseepsthroughthelayers,leavingmineralsthatcementthebitstogethertoformrock.(層的重量把巖石碎片壓在一起。水滲透過這些層，留下礦物質(zhì)，將這些碎片粘合在一起形成巖石。)”可知，空處是在說明沉積巖層是如何隨著時(shí)間的推移而形成的。選項(xiàng)G“在數(shù)千年的時(shí)間里，舊的物質(zhì)層被新的物質(zhì)層覆蓋”符合語(yǔ)境。故選G。19．根據(jù)上文“Someoftherocksformedbywindandglaciersareloessandtillite.(一些由風(fēng)和冰川形成的巖石是黃土和冰磧巖。)”和下文“Thisyellowrockcoverslargeregionsoftheworld.(這種黃色的巖石覆蓋了世界的大片地區(qū)。)”可知，空處是在介紹黃土這種由風(fēng)形成的巖石。選項(xiàng)F“由風(fēng)吹起的灰塵形成的軟弱巖石叫做黃土”符合語(yǔ)境。故選F。20．根據(jù)下文“Chalkandcoalaretwokindsofrockthatforminthisway.Chalkformsfromanimalskeletonsandshellsthatgatheronthefloorofthesea.Coalisformedfromtheremainsofplants.(粉筆和煤是這樣形成的兩種巖石。粉筆是由聚集在海底的動(dòng)物骨骼和貝殼形成的。煤是由植物的遺骸形成的。)”可知，本段主要講述的是沉積巖可以由生物的遺骸形成。選項(xiàng)D“沉積巖甚至可以由生物的遺骸形成”符合語(yǔ)境，且選項(xiàng)中的“theremainsoflivingthings”呼應(yīng)了下文的“animalskeletonsandshells”和“theremainsofplants”。故選D。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑?！癢hatdoyouwanttodoforyourbirthday?Buysomenewskincream?”myhusbandaskedme.“No,I…Iwant…Idon’tknow,”Istuttered.“Something.”Howtocelebrate?Icouldn’tthinkofanyeventthatwouldmyattitudetowardsmybirthday.Christmastimehadalwaysbeenmyfavoritecelebration.Ilovedtomyfamilyandfriendsgifts.Andthat’swhenIit.IfIlovedofferinggifts,thenIcoulddothatformybirthday!Whynot?ThisishowIcameupwithmyBirthdayPerson.Inthemonthsbeforemybirthday,Ithinkofallthepeoplewhohaveme.Isearchforasmallgift.ThenIplanwhatIwantto.Afterwritingit,Icreatetheproductandmailitwithmygift.Therehavebeenmanyofjoy,orofhealinginvolvedinwritingnotestomyBirthdayPerson,whichwereonthegivingandthereceivingend.Ichosemymomthefirstyear.Shegavemelifeandagreatdealoffunandlovealongtheway.Theweremysisters,brothers,daughters,youthdirectors,grandchildren,andfriends—allpeoplewhohavechangedmylifeinways.My“BirthdayPerson”traditionhastomanyofmyfriends.Thepowerofturningapotentialnegativeintoapositive,ofsaying“thankyou”beforeit’stoolate,ismorethananyskincreamcouldeverbe.21．A．outstanding B．special C．permanent D．strange22．A．improve B．predict C．maintain D．examine23．A．show B．spare C．pass D．give24．A．fulfilled B．realized C．observed D．a(chǎn)ttained25．A．monthly B．quarterly C．a(chǎn)nnual D．regular26．A．pursued B．respected C．served D．blessed27．A．speak B．say C．think D．sing28．A．costly B．uneven C．finished D．similar29．A．tears B．efforts C．sweats D．pains30．A．stopped B．needed C．cleared D．shared31．A．a(chǎn)djusted B．a(chǎn)dded C．hid D．returned32．A．below B．latter C．successor D．following33．A．a(chǎn)mazing B．substantial C．practical D．vivid34．A．spread B．turned C．referred D．belonged35．A．a(chǎn)vailable B．creative C．refreshing D．potential【答案】21．B22．A23．D24．B25．C26．D27．B28．C29．A30．D31．B32．D33．A34．A35．C【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者過生日的一種特別方式——選擇一個(gè)“生日人”，并為其準(zhǔn)備禮物和寫便簽紙表達(dá)感激，這種方式給作者和很多人都帶來了積極的影響。21．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：來點(diǎn)特別的（慶祝方式）。A.outstanding杰出的；B.special特別的；C.permanent永久的；D.strange奇怪的。根據(jù)上文“Idon’tknow”及下文作者想過一種特別的慶祝生日的方式可知，此處應(yīng)用special，表示“特別的”。故選B。22．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我想不出有什么活動(dòng)能改善我對(duì)生日的態(tài)度。A.improve改善；B.predict預(yù)測(cè)；C.maintain保持；D.examine檢查。根據(jù)下文“IfIlovedofferinggifts,thenIcoulddothatformybirthday!Whynot?”可知，作者想出了一個(gè)能改善自己對(duì)生日態(tài)度的慶祝方式，即選擇一個(gè)“生日人”并為其準(zhǔn)備禮物。故選A。23．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我喜歡給我的家人和朋友送禮物。A.show展示；B.spare抽出；C.pass傳遞；D.give給。根據(jù)下文“IfIlovedofferinggifts”可知，作者喜歡給家人和朋友送禮物。故選D。24．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：就在那時(shí)我意識(shí)到了這個(gè)事情。A.fulfilled實(shí)現(xiàn)；B.realized意識(shí)到；C.observed觀察；D.attained獲得。根據(jù)下文“IfIlovedofferinggifts,thenIcoulddothatformybirthday!Whynot?”可知，作者意識(shí)到自己喜愛送禮物，因此決定在生日時(shí)也為別人送禮物。故選B。25．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我就是這樣想出了我一年一度的“生日人”。A.monthly每月的；B.quarterly每季度的；C.annual每年的；D.regular有規(guī)律的。根據(jù)上文“formybirthday”可知，生日是每年一次的，因此“生日人”也是一年一度的。故選C。26．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在我生日前的幾個(gè)月里，我想到了所有祝福過我的人。A.pursued追求；B.respected尊重；C.served服務(wù)；D.blessed祝福。根據(jù)下文“allpeoplewhohavechangedmylife”可知，作者想到的是所有祝福過自己、對(duì)自己有積極影響的人。故選D。27．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后我計(jì)劃我想說什么。A.speak說（強(qiáng)調(diào)說的動(dòng)作）；B.say說（強(qiáng)調(diào)說的內(nèi)容）；C.think想；D.sing唱。根據(jù)下文“writingnotestomyBirthdayPerson”可知，作者計(jì)劃要寫什么內(nèi)容給“生日人”。故選B。28．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：寫完后，我制作出成品并和禮物一起寄出去。A.costly昂貴的；B.uneven不均勻的；C.finished完成的；D.similar相似的。根據(jù)“mailitwithmygift”可知，作者寫完后，制作出了成品。故選C。29．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在給“生日人”寫便簽紙的過程中，有很多喜悅或治愈的淚水，這些都在給予和接受的過程中被分享。A.tears淚水；B.efforts努力；C.sweats汗水；D.pains疼痛。根據(jù)“ofjoy,orofhealing”可知，此處是指喜悅或治愈的淚水。故選A。30．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在給“生日人”寫便簽紙的過程中，有很多喜悅或治愈的淚水，這些都在給予和接受的過程中被分享。A.stopped停止；B.needed需要；C.cleared清除；D.shared分享。根據(jù)“onthegivingandthereceivingend”可知，喜悅或治愈是被分享的。故選D。31．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她給了我生命，并在這一路上增添了許多樂趣和愛。A.adjusted調(diào)整；B.added增添；C.hid隱藏；D.returned返回。根據(jù)“agreatdealoffunandlovealongtheway”可知，作者的母親在作者的生命旅程中增添了許多樂趣和愛。故選B。32．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：接下來是我的姐妹、兄弟、女兒、青年主管、孫子和朋友們——所有以驚人的方式改變了我生活的人。A.below下面；B.latter后者；C.successor繼任者；D.following接下來，追隨者。根據(jù)上文“Ichosemymomthefirstyear.”可知，作者第一年選擇了母親作為“生日人”，接下來又選擇了其他人。故選D。33．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：接下來是我的姐妹、兄弟、女兒、青年主管、孫子和朋友們——所有以驚人的方式改變了我生活的人。A.amazing令人驚異的；B.substantial大量的；C.practical實(shí)用的；D.vivid生動(dòng)的。根據(jù)上文“allpeoplewhohavechangedmylife”可知，這些人以驚人的方式改變了作者的生活。故選A。34．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的“生日人”傳統(tǒng)已經(jīng)傳播到了我的許多朋友中。A.spread傳播；B.turned轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)；C.referred參考；D.belonged屬于。根據(jù)“tomanyofmyfriends”可知，作者的“生日人”傳統(tǒng)已經(jīng)傳播到了許多朋友中。故選A。35．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：把潛在的消極轉(zhuǎn)化為積極，在為時(shí)已晚之前說“謝謝”的力量，比任何護(hù)膚霜都更讓人提神。A.available可獲得的；B.creative創(chuàng)造性的；C.refreshing提神的；D.potential潛在的。根據(jù)“Thepowerofturningapotentialnegativeintoapositive,ofsaying‘thankyou’beforeit’stoolate”可知，把潛在的消極轉(zhuǎn)化為積極，在為時(shí)已晚之前說“謝謝”的力量，比任何護(hù)膚霜都更讓人提神。故選C。第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TheForbiddenCityislocatedatthecenterofBeijing’scentralaxis,occupyingaprominentpositionintheheartofthecity.ItwasbuiltduringtheYongleperiodoftheMingDynasty(1368-1644)andtook14years36(complete).Itisrectangularinshape,withalengthof961metersanda37(wide)of753meters.SurroundingtheForbiddenCityisa10-meter-highwall,withamoat(護(hù)城河)52meterswide38(serve)asanadditionallayerofdefense.TheForbiddenCitycovers39areaof1,120,000squaremeters.Eachsideoftherectangularcityhasagate.Eachcornerofthewall40(feature)anintricatelydesignedcornertower,addingtothecomplex’sarchitecturalbeauty.Fordifferentfunctions,theForbiddenCity41(divide)intotheOuterCourtandtheInnerCourt.TheOuterCourtwasthevenuefortheempero