人教版2025年中考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)專(zhuān)題09非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞精講(學(xué)生版+解析)

專(zhuān)題08.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞精講考點(diǎn)導(dǎo)圖知識(shí)1動(dòng)詞不定式重點(diǎn)一、動(dòng)詞不定式的構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式是“to＋動(dòng)詞原形”，這里的to是不定式符號(hào)，本身無(wú)意義，有時(shí)可以省略。動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能作謂語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式仍保留了動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式和它的賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)。二、動(dòng)詞不定式的基本用法動(dòng)詞不定式在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等。句法功能例句作主語(yǔ)TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是不容易的。作賓語(yǔ)Iwanttoaskhimaquestion.我想問(wèn)他一個(gè)問(wèn)題。Heislearningtoswim.他在學(xué)習(xí)游泳。作狀語(yǔ)Hewenttothelibrarytoborrowsomebooks.他去圖書(shū)館借了幾本書(shū)。I’mgladtoseeyou.見(jiàn)到你我很高興。作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Sheaskedmetospeaklouder.她要求我更大聲地說(shuō)話(huà)。作定語(yǔ)Theyhavenohousetolivein.他們無(wú)房子可住。1.作主語(yǔ)。如：Toseeistobelieve.眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的不定式主語(yǔ)則被后置。常用句式有：It+is+adj.(+for/ofsb.)+todosth.。如：Itisimportant(forus)tolearnEnglishwell.（對(duì)于我們來(lái)說(shuō)）學(xué)好英語(yǔ)很重要。Itiskindofyoutohelptheold.幫助老年人，你真是太好了?。?）Ittakessb.＋一段時(shí)間＋todosth．。如：Ittakesmehalfanhourtowalktoschooleveryday.每天步行上學(xué)花費(fèi)我半個(gè)小時(shí)。2.作賓語(yǔ)（1）常用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞（詞組）有：afford,agree,want,wouldlike,hope,decide,wish,try,learn,expect,begin,help,offer,start,fail,plan,promise,refuse等。如：Sheishopingtowinthegoldmedal.她希望贏得金牌。Sheagreedtoletmegoearly.她同意讓我早走。HedecidedtovisitthefamilyonSaturdayevening.他決定星期六晚上去拜訪(fǎng)這家人。（2）當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，且后面帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，把真正的賓語(yǔ)，即動(dòng)詞不定式放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之后。如：Ifounditdifficulttofindajobinthecity.我覺(jué)得在這座城市找份工作很難。（3）動(dòng)詞不定式可以和what，which，when，where，how等連用(what+疑問(wèn)詞)作賓語(yǔ)。如：Nobodytolduswhattodonext.沒(méi)人告訴我們接下來(lái)做什么。Idon’tknowwheretogo.我不知道去哪里。3.作狀語(yǔ)（1）作狀語(yǔ)表示目的時(shí)，可放在句首或句尾。如：TolearnEnglishwell,youmuststudyhardeveryday.為了學(xué)好英語(yǔ)，你必須每天努力學(xué)習(xí)。Hecameheretoaskforhisbook.他來(lái)這兒要回他的書(shū)。（2）用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常與enough或too連用。如：Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.他年齡足夠大可以去上學(xué)。Heistooyoungtogotoschool.他年齡太小了不能去上學(xué)。4.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（1）常見(jiàn)后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：advise,allow,ask,encourage,expect,force,invite,order，require,want,warn,teach等。如：Wehadtoaskhimtoleave.我們不得不讓他離開(kāi)。Shewasthefirsttoencouragemetowrite.她是第一個(gè)鼓勵(lì)我寫(xiě)作的人。DoyourparentsallowyoutogotoJim'sparty?你的父母允許你去參加吉姆的派對(duì)嗎？（2）在動(dòng)詞help后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式，可以帶to，也可以不帶to。如：Heoftenhelpshisparents(to)dohouseworkonweekends.他經(jīng)常在周末幫助父母做家務(wù)。注意后面用不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞記憶口訣：一感二聽(tīng)三讓四看半幫助一感（feel）、二聽(tīng)（hear，listento）、三讓?zhuān)╨et，make，have）、四看（lookat，see，watch，notice），半幫助（help）。5．作定語(yǔ)（1）動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要后置。如：Ihavesomeclothestowash.我有一些要洗的衣服。（2）如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，要在不定式后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。如：Pleasegivemesomepapertowriteon.請(qǐng)給我一些紙來(lái)寫(xiě)。Ihavenoroomtolivein.我沒(méi)有房間住。注意如果動(dòng)詞不定式修飾time，place，way，不定式后面習(xí)慣上省略介詞。Hehasnoplacetolive.他沒(méi)有地方住。（3）something／anything／nothing＋不定式。如：Iwantsomethingtodrink.我想要一些喝的東西。三、動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式由“not＋動(dòng)詞不定式”構(gòu)成。如：Tellhimnottobelate.告訴他別遲到。Pleasetellyourchildnottoplayinthestreet.請(qǐng)告訴你的孩子不要在街上玩耍。I’dadviseyounottotellhim.我勸你別告訴他。知識(shí)2動(dòng)詞的-ing形式一、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式的構(gòu)成1．肯定式：在動(dòng)詞原形后面加-ing構(gòu)成，寫(xiě)作doing。2．否定式：由“not＋動(dòng)詞的-ing形式”構(gòu)成，寫(xiě)作notdoing。二、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式的基本用法1．作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Swimmingisgoodforhealth.游泳對(duì)健康有好處。2．作賓語(yǔ)（1）在動(dòng)詞enjoy，practice，finish，mind，miss，keep，suggest，imagine，consider等后面作賓語(yǔ)。HepracticesspeakingEnglisheveryday.他每天練習(xí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。（2）在介詞of，to，for，after，by等后面作賓語(yǔ)。Anneisusedtolivinginthiscity.安妮習(xí)慣生活在這座城市。Afterwinningtheprizeshebecamefamousovernight.她獲獎(jiǎng)后一夜成名。Switchitonbypressingthisbutton.按下這個(gè)按鈕啟動(dòng)它。注意后接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）記憶口訣：完成練習(xí)值得忙（finish，practice，beworth，bebusy）繼續(xù)習(xí)慣別放棄（keepon，beusedto，giveup）考慮建議不禁想（consider，suggest，can’thelp，feellike）喜歡思念要介意（enjoy，miss，mind）3．作定語(yǔ)Theyfoundanotherhidingplace.他們找到了另外一個(gè)藏身之處。Theyplantobuildahighwayleadingintothemountains.他們計(jì)劃修一條公路通往山區(qū)。4．作表語(yǔ)Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.他的業(yè)余愛(ài)好是集郵。Itwasexcitingtolistentothestoryofhisadventures.聽(tīng)他的冒險(xiǎn)故事很激動(dòng)人心。5．作狀語(yǔ)Shewasinthekitchenpreparingsupper.她在廚房準(zhǔn)備晚飯。Travellingbyjeep,wevisitedanumberofcities.我們坐吉普車(chē)旅行，參觀了許多城市。6．作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Iseehimpassingmyhouseeveryday.我看見(jiàn)他天天從我家經(jīng)過(guò)。Ican’timagineGrandmaridingamotorbike.我想象不出奶奶騎摩托車(chē)的樣子。三．部分動(dòng)詞后接不定式與動(dòng)詞的-ing形式的區(qū)別1.stoptodosth.停下來(lái)去做某事（事情未做）stopdoingsth.停止做某事（停止正在做的事情）Stoptohavearest,please.請(qǐng)停下來(lái)休息會(huì)兒吧。Hestoppedworking.他停止了工作。2.remembertodosth.記住要做某事（動(dòng)作未發(fā)生）rememberdoingsth.記得曾做過(guò)某事（動(dòng)作已發(fā)生）Pleaseremembertoclosethewindowwhenyouleavetheroom.當(dāng)你離開(kāi)房間時(shí)，請(qǐng)記得關(guān)上窗戶(hù)。IrememberclosingthewindowwhenIlefttheroom.我記得當(dāng)我離開(kāi)房間時(shí)，我關(guān)上了窗戶(hù)。3.forgettodosth.忘記做某事（動(dòng)作未發(fā)生）forgetdoingsth.忘記做過(guò)某事（動(dòng)作已發(fā)生）Iforgottobringmyhomework.我忘記帶作業(yè)了。（作業(yè)沒(méi)帶來(lái)）Iforgotbringingmyhomework.我忘記已經(jīng)把作業(yè)帶來(lái)了。（作業(yè)帶來(lái)了）4.regrettodosth.對(duì)要做某事感到遺憾（未做）regretdoingsth.對(duì)做過(guò)某事感到后悔（已做）Iregrettohavetodothis,butIhavenochoice.我很遺憾必須這樣做，但是我沒(méi)有選擇。Idon'tregrettellingherwhatIthought.我不后悔告訴了她我的想法。5.meantodosth.打算／想做某事meandoingsth.意味著做某事Imeanttogo,butmyfatherwouldnotallowmeto.我想去，但我父親不肯讓我去。Doingthatmeanswastingtime.做那件事意味著浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。知識(shí)3動(dòng)詞的-ed形式（過(guò)去分詞）一、動(dòng)詞的-ed形式的用法動(dòng)詞的-ed形式也叫過(guò)去分詞，它除了可以與be一起構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，與have／has一起構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，還可以在句中作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。1．作表語(yǔ)Weweredelightedtoreceiveyouremail.收到你的郵件我們很高興。2．作定語(yǔ)Shehadapleasedlookonherface.她臉上露出高興的表情。Suddenlythereappearedayoungwomandressedingreen.突然出現(xiàn)了一位穿綠衣服的年輕女子。3．作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Weallwishedtheproblemsettled.我們都希望這個(gè)問(wèn)題得到解決。4．作狀語(yǔ)Mr.Brown,deeplymoved,thankedhimagainandagain.布朗先生深為感動(dòng)，一再向他表示感謝。二、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式與動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)1．作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的-ing形式與被修飾詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，而動(dòng)詞的-ed形式與被修飾詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。amovingstory一個(gè)感人的故事themovedpeople被感動(dòng)的人2．作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的-ing形式與主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，而動(dòng)詞的-ed形式與主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Thejobwasinteresting.這份工作很有趣。Hewasinterestedinthejob.他對(duì)這份工作感興趣。考點(diǎn)綜合練一、從方框中選擇合適的單詞，并用其適當(dāng)形式填空，每詞限用一次。missputrepairwritesolveunderstandtakeattendkeeplaugh1．Cathyenjoys________aproblembysharingitwithherbestfriends.2．Inordernot________theearliestflight,mysisterforcedherselftogetupearlythismorning.3．Mycomputerdoesn'tworkagain.I'llgetit__________assoonaspossible.4．Mikemadefacestomakehislittlebrother______.5．________healthy,we'vegotusedtowashinghandsbeforemealsandusingpublicchopsticks.6．Iremember________mykeyintomybag,butnowit'snotthere!7．—ProfessorWangwillgiveusatalkonthehistoryofZhengzhoutomorrow.—Really?Ilookforwardto____________it.8．Thebook________bythefamouswriterhasjustcomeout.9．Weexpecttheworld________________Chinabetteraftermoreculturalcommunication.10．Heshowedmeaphoto______onMountTaishan.Inthephoto,Icouldhardlyfindhimbecausethereweresomanypeople.二.單句填空1．[2024邵陽(yáng)模擬]Insteadof________（eat）burgersandsandwichessooften,sheatesaladeveryotherday.2．[2024湘西州一模]Bodyconfidenceisabout____________（accept）ourbodiesfullyandunderstandingwhattheycandoforus.3．[2024常德模擬]ThebosstoldJohn________（wait）asecond,andhecalledBobbytogoandfindanyonesellingwatermelonsinthemarket.4．[2024長(zhǎng)沙明德模擬]Ithelpedkilltheirneckandbackpainafter________（work）forlonghoursathomewhilenotrequiringmucheffort,timeandspace.5．[2024婁底二模]The21-year-oldgirlhasbeenteachingotherstudents______________（practice）foroverthreeyears.6．[2024長(zhǎng)沙長(zhǎng)郡二模]After________（score）agoal,wecertainlygetalotofsatisfaction.7．[2024張家界模擬]Weneedstricterlaws____________（protect）ourriver.8．[2024長(zhǎng)沙長(zhǎng)郡二模]Italsoencouragesyoungpeople____________（achieve）theirdreams.9．[2023岳陽(yáng)改編]Mygrandfatherusedto______（watch）TVathomeafterdinner,butnowheisusedto______（go）outforawalk.10．[2023懷化改編]Manypeopleenjoy________（make）zongzibythemselvesontheDragonBoatFestival.11．[2023常德改編]Aftersometime,hewaspleased________（find）thatthemoonwasinthebucket.12．[2023郴州改編]—AreyougoingtoreadthebookJourneytotheWest?—Yes.Ourteacherexpectsus________（read）suchtraditionalChinesebooks.13．[2023邵陽(yáng)改編]—IsLucyintheclassroom?—Yeah.SheisstilltherewatchingMr.Li________（draw）.14．[2023張家界改編]Besides,theteenagersenjoyedthefestivalbymakinglanterns.Theyusedwastepaperandotherwastematerials________（make）lanterns.15．[2023株洲改編]Today,wemustcontinueworking________（keep）ourskiesblue,watersclearandlandsclean.16．[2022長(zhǎng)沙]Ittookaround120hours____________（finish）this3D-printedhouse.17．[2022岳陽(yáng)改編]Manystudentspractice________（run）inthemorningbecauseoftheP.E.exam.18．[2022郴州改編]Remember______________（turnoff）thelightwhenyouleavetheclassroom.19．[2022永州]Iplan________（send）agifttomyfathertomorrowforFather’sDay.20．[2022永州]Whenplayinginthehallwaysstudentsshouldavoid________（push）eachother.21．[2022株洲改編]____________（create）asharedfuture,weshouldlearnfromeachotherandhelpeachother.22．[2021邵陽(yáng)改編]—HowcanIimprovemypronunciation,Madam?—Keepon____________（practice）andyou’llmakeprogress.23．[2021懷化改編]Thegovernmentaskspeople________（put）therubbishfromtheirdailylifeindifferentgroups.24．[2021衡陽(yáng)]InordertorememberZu,somemathematicianssuggest________（call）pi（圓周率）“ZuLv”.25．[2021岳陽(yáng)改編]Thesocialistnewcountryside（社會(huì)主義新農(nóng)村）makesfarmers________（improve）theirlivingcondition.26．[2021郴州改編]Manyuniversitygraduatesgotoworkinthecountryside________（help）villagersliveabetterlife.三.動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式填空AWhenhewas12,hisparentsdied.Hewasaloneanddidn’tgetonwellwithothers.Nooneshowedkindnesstohim.Peoplealwayslaughedathim.HisonlyfriendwasadognamedBobby.Hegavehisdogenough1.

（eat）anddrink,buthewasalittlerude（粗魯?shù)模﹖oitsometimes.Onedaywhenhewasgoingdownthestreet,hesawayounglady2.

（walk）infrontofhim.Suddenly,oneofherbagsdropped（掉落）fromherarms.Asshestopped3.

（pick）itup,shedroppedotherbags.Jimcametohelpher.“Thankyou,dear!Youareanicelittleboy!”theladysaidkindlyandpolitely,4.

（smile）.BThissummer,whenIwalkedintomygrandparents’housewithmylittlebrotherFrank,Itriednot5.

（look）atGrandpa’schairanyway.Itstilllookedthesame.Hisblueblanketwasthere,asifGrandpawasgoingtopullitoverhislegs.MycousinJackwasplayingintheyardasifnothinghadhappened.“Let’sgotocatchfish!”Jackcarriedoutthefishnetfromthecorner,Grandpa’snet.Lastsummer,IwasholdingthenetwhenGrandpaaskedmewhetherIcouldhelphimteachFrankhow6.

（play）chess.IsaidnobecauseIwanted7.

（catch）fish.Grandpahadbeentheonewho’dtaughtushowtocatchfish,butthentheillnessmadehim8.

（stay）behind.Iregretted9.

（say）notoGrandpa,andnowIwouldn’thaveachance10.

（play）chesswithhim.專(zhuān)題08.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞精講考點(diǎn)導(dǎo)圖知識(shí)1動(dòng)詞不定式重點(diǎn)一、動(dòng)詞不定式的構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式是“to＋動(dòng)詞原形”，這里的to是不定式符號(hào)，本身無(wú)意義，有時(shí)可以省略。動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能作謂語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式仍保留了動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式和它的賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)。二、動(dòng)詞不定式的基本用法動(dòng)詞不定式在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等。句法功能例句作主語(yǔ)TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是不容易的。作賓語(yǔ)Iwanttoaskhimaquestion.我想問(wèn)他一個(gè)問(wèn)題。Heislearningtoswim.他在學(xué)習(xí)游泳。作狀語(yǔ)Hewenttothelibrarytoborrowsomebooks.他去圖書(shū)館借了幾本書(shū)。I’mgladtoseeyou.見(jiàn)到你我很高興。作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Sheaskedmetospeaklouder.她要求我更大聲地說(shuō)話(huà)。作定語(yǔ)Theyhavenohousetolivein.他們無(wú)房子可住。1.作主語(yǔ)。如：Toseeistobelieve.眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的不定式主語(yǔ)則被后置。常用句式有：It+is+adj.(+for/ofsb.)+todosth.。如：Itisimportant(forus)tolearnEnglishwell.（對(duì)于我們來(lái)說(shuō)）學(xué)好英語(yǔ)很重要。Itiskindofyoutohelptheold.幫助老年人，你真是太好了?。?）Ittakessb.＋一段時(shí)間＋todosth．。如：Ittakesmehalfanhourtowalktoschooleveryday.每天步行上學(xué)花費(fèi)我半個(gè)小時(shí)。2.作賓語(yǔ)（1）常用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞（詞組）有：afford,agree,want,wouldlike,hope,decide,wish,try,learn,expect,begin,help,offer,start,fail,plan,promise,refuse等。如：Sheishopingtowinthegoldmedal.她希望贏得金牌。Sheagreedtoletmegoearly.她同意讓我早走。HedecidedtovisitthefamilyonSaturdayevening.他決定星期六晚上去拜訪(fǎng)這家人。（2）當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，且后面帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，把真正的賓語(yǔ)，即動(dòng)詞不定式放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之后。如：Ifounditdifficulttofindajobinthecity.我覺(jué)得在這座城市找份工作很難。（3）動(dòng)詞不定式可以和what，which，when，where，how等連用(what+疑問(wèn)詞)作賓語(yǔ)。如：Nobodytolduswhattodonext.沒(méi)人告訴我們接下來(lái)做什么。Idon’tknowwheretogo.我不知道去哪里。3.作狀語(yǔ)（1）作狀語(yǔ)表示目的時(shí)，可放在句首或句尾。如：TolearnEnglishwell,youmuststudyhardeveryday.為了學(xué)好英語(yǔ)，你必須每天努力學(xué)習(xí)。Hecameheretoaskforhisbook.他來(lái)這兒要回他的書(shū)。（2）用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常與enough或too連用。如：Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.他年齡足夠大可以去上學(xué)。Heistooyoungtogotoschool.他年齡太小了不能去上學(xué)。4.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（1）常見(jiàn)后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：advise,allow,ask,encourage,expect,force,invite,order，require,want,warn,teach等。如：Wehadtoaskhimtoleave.我們不得不讓他離開(kāi)。Shewasthefirsttoencouragemetowrite.她是第一個(gè)鼓勵(lì)我寫(xiě)作的人。DoyourparentsallowyoutogotoJim'sparty?你的父母允許你去參加吉姆的派對(duì)嗎？（2）在動(dòng)詞help后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式，可以帶to，也可以不帶to。如：Heoftenhelpshisparents(to)dohouseworkonweekends.他經(jīng)常在周末幫助父母做家務(wù)。注意后面用不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞記憶口訣：一感二聽(tīng)三讓四看半幫助一感（feel）、二聽(tīng)（hear，listento）、三讓?zhuān)╨et，make，have）、四看（lookat，see，watch，notice），半幫助（help）。5．作定語(yǔ)（1）動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要后置。如：Ihavesomeclothestowash.我有一些要洗的衣服。（2）如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，要在不定式后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。如：Pleasegivemesomepapertowriteon.請(qǐng)給我一些紙來(lái)寫(xiě)。Ihavenoroomtolivein.我沒(méi)有房間住。注意如果動(dòng)詞不定式修飾time，place，way，不定式后面習(xí)慣上省略介詞。Hehasnoplacetolive.他沒(méi)有地方住。（3）something／anything／nothing＋不定式。如：Iwantsomethingtodrink.我想要一些喝的東西。三、動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式由“not＋動(dòng)詞不定式”構(gòu)成。如：Tellhimnottobelate.告訴他別遲到。Pleasetellyourchildnottoplayinthestreet.請(qǐng)告訴你的孩子不要在街上玩耍。I’dadviseyounottotellhim.我勸你別告訴他。知識(shí)2動(dòng)詞的-ing形式一、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式的構(gòu)成1．肯定式：在動(dòng)詞原形后面加-ing構(gòu)成，寫(xiě)作doing。2．否定式：由“not＋動(dòng)詞的-ing形式”構(gòu)成，寫(xiě)作notdoing。二、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式的基本用法1．作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Swimmingisgoodforhealth.游泳對(duì)健康有好處。2．作賓語(yǔ)（1）在動(dòng)詞enjoy，practice，finish，mind，miss，keep，suggest，imagine，consider等后面作賓語(yǔ)。HepracticesspeakingEnglisheveryday.他每天練習(xí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。（2）在介詞of，to，for，after，by等后面作賓語(yǔ)。Anneisusedtolivinginthiscity.安妮習(xí)慣生活在這座城市。Afterwinningtheprizeshebecamefamousovernight.她獲獎(jiǎng)后一夜成名。Switchitonbypressingthisbutton.按下這個(gè)按鈕啟動(dòng)它。注意后接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）記憶口訣：完成練習(xí)值得忙（finish，practice，beworth，bebusy）繼續(xù)習(xí)慣別放棄（keepon，beusedto，giveup）考慮建議不禁想（consider，suggest，can’thelp，feellike）喜歡思念要介意（enjoy，miss，mind）3．作定語(yǔ)Theyfoundanotherhidingplace.他們找到了另外一個(gè)藏身之處。Theyplantobuildahighwayleadingintothemountains.他們計(jì)劃修一條公路通往山區(qū)。4．作表語(yǔ)Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.他的業(yè)余愛(ài)好是集郵。Itwasexcitingtolistentothestoryofhisadventures.聽(tīng)他的冒險(xiǎn)故事很激動(dòng)人心。5．作狀語(yǔ)Shewasinthekitchenpreparingsupper.她在廚房準(zhǔn)備晚飯。Travellingbyjeep,wevisitedanumberofcities.我們坐吉普車(chē)旅行，參觀了許多城市。6．作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Iseehimpassingmyhouseeveryday.我看見(jiàn)他天天從我家經(jīng)過(guò)。Ican’timagineGrandmaridingamotorbike.我想象不出奶奶騎摩托車(chē)的樣子。三．部分動(dòng)詞后接不定式與動(dòng)詞的-ing形式的區(qū)別1.stoptodosth.停下來(lái)去做某事（事情未做）stopdoingsth.停止做某事（停止正在做的事情）Stoptohavearest,please.請(qǐng)停下來(lái)休息會(huì)兒吧。Hestoppedworking.他停止了工作。2.remembertodosth.記住要做某事（動(dòng)作未發(fā)生）rememberdoingsth.記得曾做過(guò)某事（動(dòng)作已發(fā)生）Pleaseremembertoclosethewindowwhenyouleavetheroom.當(dāng)你離開(kāi)房間時(shí)，請(qǐng)記得關(guān)上窗戶(hù)。IrememberclosingthewindowwhenIlefttheroom.我記得當(dāng)我離開(kāi)房間時(shí)，我關(guān)上了窗戶(hù)。3.forgettodosth.忘記做某事（動(dòng)作未發(fā)生）forgetdoingsth.忘記做過(guò)某事（動(dòng)作已發(fā)生）Iforgottobringmyhomework.我忘記帶作業(yè)了。（作業(yè)沒(méi)帶來(lái)）Iforgotbringingmyhomework.我忘記已經(jīng)把作業(yè)帶來(lái)了。（作業(yè)帶來(lái)了）4.regrettodosth.對(duì)要做某事感到遺憾（未做）regretdoingsth.對(duì)做過(guò)某事感到后悔（已做）Iregrettohavetodothis,butIhavenochoice.我很遺憾必須這樣做，但是我沒(méi)有選擇。Idon'tregrettellingherwhatIthought.我不后悔告訴了她我的想法。5.meantodosth.打算／想做某事meandoingsth.意味著做某事Imeanttogo,butmyfatherwouldnotallowmeto.我想去，但我父親不肯讓我去。Doingthatmeanswastingtime.做那件事意味著浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。知識(shí)3動(dòng)詞的-ed形式（過(guò)去分詞）一、動(dòng)詞的-ed形式的用法動(dòng)詞的-ed形式也叫過(guò)去分詞，它除了可以與be一起構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，與have／has一起構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，還可以在句中作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。1．作表語(yǔ)Weweredelightedtoreceiveyouremail.收到你的郵件我們很高興。2．作定語(yǔ)Shehadapleasedlookonherface.她臉上露出高興的表情。Suddenlythereappearedayoungwomandressedingreen.突然出現(xiàn)了一位穿綠衣服的年輕女子。3．作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Weallwishedtheproblemsettled.我們都希望這個(gè)問(wèn)題得到解決。4．作狀語(yǔ)Mr.Brown,deeplymoved,thankedhimagainandagain.布朗先生深為感動(dòng)，一再向他表示感謝。二、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式與動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)1．作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的-ing形式與被修飾詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，而動(dòng)詞的-ed形式與被修飾詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。amovingstory一個(gè)感人的故事themovedpeople被感動(dòng)的人2．作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的-ing形式與主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，而動(dòng)詞的-ed形式與主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Thejobwasinteresting.這份工作很有趣。Hewasinterestedinthejob.他對(duì)這份工作感興趣。考點(diǎn)綜合練一、從方框中選擇合適的單詞，并用其適當(dāng)形式填空，每詞限用一次。missputrepairwritesolveunderstandtakeattendkeeplaugh1．Cathyenjoys________aproblembysharingitwithherbestfriends.2．Inordernot________theearliestflight,mysisterforcedherselftogetupearlythismorning.3．Mycomputerdoesn'tworkagain.I'llgetit__________assoonaspossible.4．Mikemadefacestomakehislittlebrother______.5．________healthy,we'vegotusedtowashinghandsbeforemealsandusingpublicchopsticks.6．Iremember________mykeyintomybag,butnowit'snotthere!7．—ProfessorWangwillgiveusatalkonthehistoryofZhengzhoutomorrow.—Really?Ilookforwardto____________it.8．Thebook________bythefamouswriterhasjustcomeout.9．Weexpecttheworld________________Chinabetteraftermoreculturalcommunication.10．Heshowedmeaphoto______onMountTaishan.Inthephoto,Icouldhardlyfindhimbecausethereweresomanypeople.[答案]1．solving2．tomiss3．repaired4．laugh5．Tokeep6．putting7．a(chǎn)ttending8．written9．tounderstand10．taken二.單句填空1．[2024邵陽(yáng)模擬]Insteadof________（eat）burgersandsandwichessooften,sheatesaladeveryotherday.[答案]eating[解析]考查動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。insteadofdoingsth.代替做某事。2．[2024湘西州一模]Bodyconfidenceisabout____________（accept）ourbodiesfullyandunderstandingwhattheycandoforus.[答案]accepting[解析]考查動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。句意：身體自信是指充分接受我們的身體，并了解它們能為我們做什么。about為介詞，后接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。3．[2024常德模擬]ThebosstoldJohn________（wait）asecond,andhecalledBobbytogoandfindanyonesellingwatermelonsinthemarket.[答案]towait[解析]考查動(dòng)詞不定式。此處指老板讓約翰稍等片刻。tellsb.todosth.意為“告訴某人做某事”，故填towait。4．[2024長(zhǎng)沙明德模擬]Ithelpedkilltheirneckandbackpainafter________（work）forlonghoursathomewhilenotrequiringmucheffort,timeandspace.[答案]working[解析]考查動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。設(shè)空處前為介詞after，后接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式working。故填working。5．[2024婁底二模]The21-year-oldgirlhasbeenteachingotherstudents______________（practice）foroverthreeyears.[答案]topractice[解析]考查動(dòng)詞不定式。此處指這位21歲的女孩已經(jīng)教其他學(xué)生練習(xí)了三年多。teachsb.todosth.教某人做某事。故填topractice。6．[2024長(zhǎng)沙長(zhǎng)郡二模]After________（score）agoal,wecertainlygetalotofsatisfaction.[答案]scoring[解析]考查動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。句意：在進(jìn)球之后，我們肯定會(huì)感到非常滿(mǎn)意。設(shè)空處前為介詞after，后接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式scoring。故填scoring。7．[2024張家界模擬]Weneedstricterlaws____________（protect）ourriver.[答案]toprotect[解析]考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：我們需要更嚴(yán)格的法律來(lái)保護(hù)我們的河流。不定式表目的，故填toprotect。8．[2024長(zhǎng)沙長(zhǎng)郡二模]Italsoencouragesyoungpeople____________（achieve）theirdreams.[答案]toachieve[解析]考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：它還鼓勵(lì)年輕人實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的夢(mèng)想。encouragesb.todosth.鼓勵(lì)某人做某事。故填toachieve。9．[2023岳陽(yáng)改編]Mygrandfatherusedto______（watch）TVathomeafterdinner,butnowheisusedto______（go）outforawalk.[答案]watch；going[解析]考查動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式。句意:我爺爺過(guò)去在晚飯后常在家看電視,但是現(xiàn)在他習(xí)慣（晚飯后）散步。usedtodosth.過(guò)去常常做某事；beusedtodoingsth.習(xí)慣做某事。故答案為watch；going。10．[2023懷化改編]Manypeopleenjoy________（make）zongzibythemselvesontheDragonBoatFestival.[答案]making[解析]考查動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。句意:許多人喜歡在端午節(jié)時(shí)自己包粽子。enjoydoingsth.喜歡做某事。故填making。11．[2023常德改編]Aftersometime,hewaspleased________（find）thatthemoonwasinthebucket.[答案]tofind[解析]考查動(dòng)詞不定式。bepleasedtodosth.很高興做某事。此處指他很高興地發(fā)現(xiàn)月亮在桶里了。故填tofind。12．[2023郴州改編]—AreyougoingtoreadthebookJourneytotheWest?—Yes.Ourteacherexpectsus________（read）suchtraditionalChinesebooks.[答案]toread[解析]考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意:——你要讀《西游記》這本書(shū)嗎?——是的。我們的老師要求我們閱讀這樣的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)書(shū)籍。expectsb.todosth.要求/期待某人做某事。故填toread。13．[2023邵陽(yáng)改編]—IsLucyintheclassroom?—Yeah.SheisstilltherewatchingMr.Li________（draw）.[答案]drawing[解析]考查動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,露西正在教室看著李先生畫(huà)畫(huà),watchsb.doingsth.看著某人正在做某事。故填drawing。14．[2023張家界改編]Besides,theteenagersenjoyedthefestivalbymakinglanterns.Theyusedwastepaperandotherwastematerials________（make）lanterns.[答案]tomake[解析]考查動(dòng)詞不定式。此處指用廢紙和其他廢料制作燈籠，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，故填tomake。15．[2023株洲改編]Today,wemustcontinueworking________（keep）ourskiesblue,watersclearandlandsclean.[答案]tokeep[解析]考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：今天，我們必須繼續(xù)努力，維護(hù)我們的藍(lán)天、碧水和凈土。設(shè)空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式表目的。故填tokeep。16．[2022長(zhǎng)沙]Ittookaround120hours____________（finish）this3D-printedhouse.[答案]tofinish[解析]考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：完成這座3D打印的房子花了大約120個(gè)小時(shí)?！癐ttakes/took+時(shí)間段+todosth.”表示“做某事花費(fèi)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)，此處It為形式主語(yǔ)。故填tofinish。17．[2022岳陽(yáng)改編]Manystudentspractice________（run）inthemorningbecauseoftheP.E.exam.[答案]running[解析]考查動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。practicedoingsth.為固定搭配,意為“練習(xí)做某事”,故填running。18．[2022郴州改編]Remember______________（turnoff）thelightwhenyouleavetheclassroom.[答案]toturnoff[解析]考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意:當(dāng)你離開(kāi)教室的時(shí)候記得關(guān)燈。remembertodosth.記得去做某事。故填toturnoff。19．[2022永州]Iplan________（send）agifttomyfathertomorrowforFather’sDay.[答案]tosend[解析]考查動(dòng)詞不定式。plantodosth.計(jì)劃做某事，為固定搭配，故填tosend。20．[2022永州]Whenplayinginthehallwaysstudentsshouldavoid________（push）eachother.[答案]pushing[解析]考查動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。根據(jù)句意可知，在走廊玩耍的時(shí)候要避免互相推搡。avoiddoingsth.避免做某事。故填pushing。21．[2022株洲改編]____________（create）asharedfuture,weshouldlearnfromeachotherandhelpeachother.[答案]Tocreate[解析]考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意:為了創(chuàng)造共享未來(lái),我們應(yīng)該互相學(xué)習(xí)并幫助彼此?？仗幮杼顒?dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ),表示“為了”。句首單詞首字母大寫(xiě)，故填Tocreate。22．[2021邵陽(yáng)改編]—HowcanIimprovemypronunciation,Madam?—Keepon____________（practice）andyou’llmakeprogress.[答案]practicing[解析]考查動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。句意:——女士,怎樣才能改進(jìn)我的發(fā)音?——堅(jiān)持練習(xí),你就會(huì)取得進(jìn)步。keepondoingsth.意為“繼續(xù)做某事”。故填practicing。23．[2021懷化改編]Thegovernmentaskspeople________（put）therubbishfromtheirdailylifeindifferentgroups.[答案]toput[解析]考查動(dòng)詞不定式。asksb.todosth.要求某人做某事。設(shè)空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故填toput。24．[2021衡陽(yáng)]InordertorememberZu,somemathematicianssuggest________（call）pi（圓周率）“ZuLv”.[答案]calling[解析]考查動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。句意：為了記住祖（沖之），一些數(shù)學(xué)家建議稱(chēng)pi為“祖率”。suggestdoingsth.建議做某事。故填calling。25．[2021岳陽(yáng)改編]Thesocialistnewcountryside（社會(huì)主義新農(nóng)村）makesfarmers________（improve）theirlivingcondition.[答案]improve[解析]考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意:社會(huì)主義新農(nóng)村改善了農(nóng)民的生活條件。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處動(dòng)詞makes后面接不帶to的不定式充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故填improve。26．[2021郴州改編]Manyuniversitygraduatesgotoworkinth