Unit 8 第3課時 Section A Grammar Focus-4c【知識精研】八年級英語下冊（人教版）

第3課時SectionAGrammarFocus-4c初中英語/人教版/八年級下冊

Unit8HaveyoureadTreasureIslandyet?01Review05Summary03Presentation02Grammar06Homework04Exercises01020304語言能力思維品質(zhì)文化意識學習能力學習目標掌握下列詞匯：fiction,sciencefiction,technology,French,thinkabout,can'twaittodosth.,morethan.設置多項任務鍛煉學生團結(jié)協(xié)作能力，培養(yǎng)學生總結(jié)歸納、深度思考的能力。通過觀察比較,歸納already和yet的用法區(qū)別以及一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別。運用現(xiàn)在完成時談論自己看過的最喜歡的書籍、電影或者歌曲，培養(yǎng)學生鑒賞美的能力，陶冶思想情操。ReviewPart01A:What’sthenameofthebook?B:ItisLittleWomen.A:Haveyouread

LittleWomenyet

?B:Yes,Ihave.\No,Ihaven’t.A:Whatdoyouthinkofit?B:Ithinkit’sinteresting\funny\fantastic\boring\…A:What’sitabout?B:It’saboutfoursistersgrowingup.A:What’sthenameofthebook?B:ItisLittleWomen.A:Haveyouread

LittleWomenyet

?B:Yes,Ihave.\No,Ihaven’t.A:Whatdoyouthinkofit?B:Ithinkit’sinteresting\funny\fantastic\boring\…A:What’sitabout?B:It’saboutfoursistersgrowingup.TreasureIsland.TreasureIslandyet?aboywhogoesouttoseaandfindsanislandfulloftreasures.OliverTwist.OliverTwist.aboywholivesintheUnitedKingdom.RobinsonCrusoe.RobinsonCrusoeRobinson’slifeonaremoteisland.Grammar

Part02GrammarFocusReadthesentencesandtranslatethem.Haveyouread

LittleWomen

yet?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven't.HasTinaread

TreasureIsland

yet?Yes,shehas.Shethinksit'sfantastic.Haveyoudecidedwhichbooktowriteaboutyet?Yes,Ihave.I'vealreadyfinishedreadingit.Itwasreallygood.Fillintheblanksaccordingtogrammarfocus.1.你已經(jīng)讀過《小婦人》了嗎?是的，我讀過。不，我沒讀過。_____you____LittleWomen____?Yes,I_____./No,I______.2.蒂娜已經(jīng)讀過《金銀島》了嗎?是的，她讀過。她認為它是極好的。_____Tina_____TreasureIsland___?Yes,she____.She_______it's_________.3.你已經(jīng)決定選擇寫哪本書了嗎?是的，我已經(jīng)讀完它了，它真好。_____you_______whichbookto__________________?Yes,I_____.I'vealready______________it.Itwasreallygood.Havereadyethavehaven'tHasreadyethasthinksfantasticHavedecidedwriteaboutyethavefinishedreadingGrammarFocusHaveyouread

LittleWomen

yet?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven't.HasTinaread

TreasureIsland

yet?Yes,shehas.Shethinksit'sfantastic.Haveyoudecidedwhichbooktowriteaboutyet?Yes,Ihave.I've

already

finishedreadingit.Itwasreallygood.現(xiàn)在完成時的結(jié)構(gòu)1)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定句：主語+_____/_____+___________+其他否定句：主語+_____/_____+_______+_________+其他疑問句：_____/_____+主語+__________+其他---Yes,主語+_____/___.;No,主語+_______/______.2)常與標志詞_____________________________一起出現(xiàn)havehas過去分詞

havehasnot過去分詞

HaveHas過去分詞

havehashaven’thasn’talready,yet一、現(xiàn)在完成時的基本結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在完成時由“助動詞have/has+過去分詞”構(gòu)成，其基本句式結(jié)構(gòu)為：①肯定句：主語+have/has+過去分詞+其他.Ihaveseenthisfilm.②否定句：主語+have/hasnot+過去分詞+其他.Ihavenotseenthisfilm.③一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他?肯定回答：Yes,主語+have/has.否定回答：No,主語+haven't/hasn't.—Haveyouseenthefilm?—Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven't.和主語一致havenot=haven't;hasnot=hasn'thave/has?？煽s略為-'ve/-'s1.Shehasalreadywrittenthemusic.(改為一般疑問句)________shewrittenthemusic_______?2.TheystudiedEnglish2yearsago.(用sincetwoyearsago改寫)They______________Englishsincetwoyearsago.3.HasTomhelpedhisparentsyet?(作出肯定回答)_______,____________.4.Thethreestudentshavebeentogetherfor3hours.(對畫線部分提問)

____________________havethethreestudentsbeentogether?5.ShehasalreadygonetoEngland.(改為否定句)She_____________gonetoEngland_____________.6.Hehasn'tcometoschoolbecausehe'sill.(對畫線部分提問)__________________________hecometoschool?HasyethavestudiedYeshehasHowlonghasn'tyetWhyhasn't鞏固練習現(xiàn)在完成時用法1：表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。pastIhadbreakfast.I'mnothungrynow.presentIhavealreadyhadbreakfast.（早餐過去吃的，現(xiàn)在不餓。）圖示法表示Enrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery二、現(xiàn)在完成時基本用法現(xiàn)在完成時的用法（1）：

表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作（短暫性動詞）對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的影響或者結(jié)果。Ihaveopenedthedoor.我打開了門?，F(xiàn)在完成時包含兩層意思，一是動作是過去某個時間發(fā)生的；二是現(xiàn)在含存在過去動作的影響或結(jié)果?，F(xiàn)在完成時即聯(lián)系現(xiàn)在又說明過去。這句話包含兩層意思，一是門是過去某個時候打開的，二是門現(xiàn)在還是開著的。開門動作的影響和結(jié)果還存在?，F(xiàn)在完成時的用法2：表示動作從過去某一時間開始，并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或者狀態(tài)。而且可能還要繼續(xù)下去。pastImovedherein1990.Istilllivehere.presentIhave

livedherefor30years.(30年來一直生活在這里）圖示法表示

現(xiàn)在完成時的用法（2）：現(xiàn)在完成時還可以表示過去某一時間開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，常與“for+時間段”或“since+時間點/從句”連用，這時要用延續(xù)性動詞。Theyhaveworkedinthiscompanyfor30years.Hehasbeeninthearmysince2016.（錯：Hehasjoinedthearmysince2016.）【特別提醒】如果要對for或since短語提問，疑問詞用howlong?！狧owlonghaveyoulivedinthisarea?—Foratleast10years.1.IjoinedthebookclublastmonthandI____fivebooksalready.

A.amreadingB.havereadC.willreadD.read2.—Dad,Ican'tfindmyschoolIDcard.Didyouseeit?—No,Ididn't.Ithinkyou______it!A.lose B.willlose C.havelost D.arelosing3.—Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?—No,thanks.I______someteaalready.A.havedrunkB.wasdrinkingC.willdrink D.drink√√√鞏固練習GrammarFocusWhatdidyoufindout?Haveyouread

LittleWomen

yet?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven't.HasTinaread

TreasureIsland

yet?Yes,shehas.Shethinksit'sfantastic.Haveyoudecidedwhichbooktowriteaboutyet?Yes,Ihave.I'vealreadyfinishedreadingit.Itwasreallygood.already和yet都可以作為現(xiàn)在完成時的標志詞,但它們的用法不同。already一般用于_____句中.意為“______”,通常放在________和_________之間。肯定已經(jīng)have\has過去分詞yet一般用于______句中,意為“______”;也可以用于______句中,意為“_______”疑問已經(jīng)否定還(沒)現(xiàn)在完成時的常用時間狀語(標志詞)。ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從未），也可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時，談論過去的經(jīng)歷。時間標志詞含義用于

句，置于

.

ever疑問/肯定句，句中never從未\不表否定，句中曾經(jīng)，至今為止Ihave

ever

watchedthismovie.我曾經(jīng)看過這部電影。Haveyou

everheardof

thisstory?你曾經(jīng)聽說過這個故事嗎？Ihave

never

watchedthismovie.我從未看過這部電影。Haveyouever

learnedtowrite?Yes,Ihave

ever

donethat.No,Ihave

neverdonethat.just（剛剛），before（以前；之前），sofar（到目前為止）也可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時，談論剛剛發(fā)生的動作或者過去的經(jīng)歷?，F(xiàn)在完成時的常用時間狀語(標志詞)。Haveyouhelpedothersbefore？你以前幫助過別人嗎？Ihavejust

helpedalittlekid.我剛剛幫助了一個小孩。Ihave

never

helpedothersbefore.我之前從未幫助過別人。before意思:_________,用于_________，位于_______之/以前各種句型句尾just意思:_________,用于________。剛剛肯定句Mymomhas

cookeddeliciousfood,soIcanhaveabigdinnernow.justIhavenevermadesuchamistake__________.before注意區(qū)別

just和

justnow，兩者都表示“剛剛”時，just用于完成時.justnow

用于一般過去時I

readingthebookjustnow.(finish)finished用just,already,yet,ever,never填空

1.Haveyou_____beentoJapan?2.Hehas_____finishedhishomework.3.Wehave_______cleanedourroom.

4.Ihaven’thadbreakfast____.

5.Shehas_______boughtthedictionary.everjustalreadyyetneverGrammarFocusWhatdidyoufindout?Haveyouread

LittleWomen

yet?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven't.HasTinaread

TreasureIsland

yet?Yes,shehas.Shethinksit'sfantastic.Haveyoudecidedwhichbooktowriteaboutyet?Yes,Ihave.I'vealreadyfinishedreadingit.Itwasreallygood.(______)read--_______--________.(______)decide--_________--________.(______)finish--_________--________.閱讀readread決定decideddecided完成finishedfinished動詞過去分詞的規(guī)則變化動詞過去分詞的規(guī)則變化和過去式的規(guī)則變化一樣。有以下四種情況：①一般在詞尾直接加ed

如：work-worked-worked,

pass-passed-passed

②以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾直接加d

如：like-liked-liked，

live-lived-lived

③以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，改y為i，再加ed。

如：study-studied-studied，cry-cried-cried

④重讀閉音節(jié)（輔+元+輔）結(jié)尾的詞，雙寫最后一個輔音字母再加ed.

如：

stop-stopped-stopped，drop-dropped-dropped動詞過去分詞的不規(guī)則變化動詞過去分詞的不規(guī)則變化有以下四種情況：①以不變應萬變。

如：let→let→let;put→put→put;read→read→read②若中間有雙寫e，則去掉一個e，單詞末尾再加t。

如：feel→felt→felt;keep→kept→kept;sleep→slept→slept

③結(jié)尾的字母d變t。

如：lend→lent→lent;build→built→built;send→sent→sent

④變?yōu)橐?ought或-aught結(jié)尾。

如：

buy→bought→bought;bring→brought→brought;catch→caught→caught;teach→taught→taught不規(guī)則變化：見P136不規(guī)則動詞表let→let→letput→put→putread→read→readrun→ran→runcome→came→Comebecome→became→becomebear→bore→bornbreaks→broke→brokengrow→grew→grownfeel-felt→feltkeep-kept→keptsleep→slept→sleptbeat→beat→beaten1.AAA格式(動詞原形、過去式、過去分詞同形)2.ABB格式(過去式與過去分詞同形)3.ABA格式(動詞原形與過去分詞同形)4.ABC格式(動詞原形、過去式、過去分詞均不同形)5.AAB格式(動詞原形與過去式同形)

現(xiàn)在完成時VS.一般過去時現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，因此不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用。Ihavealreadydonemyhomework.（不能用lastnight等）I’vebeentoParisbefore.（不能用lastyear等）2.一般過去時只表示過去的動作和狀態(tài)，與現(xiàn)在無關?？梢院捅硎具^去的時間狀語連用。Ididmyhomeworklastnight.WhendidyougotoParis?（when一定不要和現(xiàn)在完成時連用）

現(xiàn)在完成時

一般過去時用法時間狀語謂語動詞表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，側(cè)重于現(xiàn)在的情況。表示過去某個時候發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，與現(xiàn)在無關。常和already,yet,just,ever,never,before,since,

for等連用。常和yesterday,lastweek,justnow,in2012,twodaysago等具體的表示過去的時間狀語連用。與一段時間連用時，謂語動詞要用延續(xù)性動詞而不用非延續(xù)性動詞。謂語動詞沒有延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性動詞的限制。PresentationPart034a1.A:Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?B:No,thanks.______________________.(just/drinksometea)2.A:Iheardyoulostyourkey.____________________?(find)B:No,notyet.3.A:DoyouknowwhenTomisleaving?B:____________________.(already/leave)A:When______________?(leave)B:Thismorning.4.A:Isyoursistergoingtothemovieswithustonight?B:No.__________________________.(already/seethefilm)5.A:Whatdoyourparentsthinkaboutourplan?B:I_________________________.(not/tellthem/yet)I’vejustdrunksometeaHaveyoufoundityetHehasalreadyleftdid

heleaveShehas

alreadyseenthefilmhaven’ttoldthemyetUsethewordsinbracketstocompletetheconversations.drink-drank-drunkfind-found-foundleave-left-leftsee-saw-seentell-told-toldSally _______(love)reading.Inthemorning,she

readsthenewspaperandintheeveningshereadsbooks.She_____already______(read)morethan100differentbooks!Herfavoritekindofbooksissciencefiction.Sheisinterestedinscienceandtechnologyandlovestoimaginewhattheworld_______(be)likein50years.She_________(finish)readingabookaboutrobotslastweek

and_________(write)abookreportaboutitnextweek

forherFrenchclass.Everytimesheisinthelibrary,Sallylooksatthemanybooksshe_____________(notread)yetandshecan’twaittoreadthem!Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformsofthewordsinbrackets.lovesbeinterestedin+n./代/Ving對...感興趣提示：確認時間標志，用對時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)！readwillbefinishedwillwritehasn’treadcan’thelpdoingsth忍不住做某事can’twaittodosth迫不及待地做某事4bhas4cCompletethechartwithinformationaboutyouandafriend.A:Whatbookshaveyoualreadyread?B:I’vealreadyreadTomSawyerandHarryPotter.A:Whatdoyouthinkofthem?B:Well,IthinkHarryPotterwasexciting,butTomSawyerwasabitboring.YouYourfriendCommentsBooksIhavealreadyreadMoviesIhavealreadyseenSongsIhavealreadyheardReportlikethis:Ihavealreadyread…,it’sveryinteresting;Myfriendhasalreadyread…,it’sveryboring.Exercises

Part041.---WhowillgototheairporttomeetMary?---Iwill.I____herseveraltimes.Icanfindhereasily.

A.metB.havemetC.hadmetD.willmeet2.---Doyouhavemyphonenumber?---Yes.ButIcan’tfinditnow.I’mafraidI_______it.

A.lostB.havelostC.lostD.lose3.---Haveyouhadaholidayrecently?---___________.A.Yes,Ido.B.Yes,Ihave.C.No,Ihasn’tD.Yes,Idid.4.Ihave______seenthemovie,soIwon’tgotothecinemathisweekend.A.alreadyB.not