第二章第4講-情態(tài)動(dòng)詞否定句-教案

第二章語法復(fù)習(xí)第4講情態(tài)動(dòng)詞&否定句學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)1.掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本概念和用法。2.掌握肯定句變否定句解題方法?！具M(jìn)門測(cè)試】一、單選題1．We______eatordrinkinthelibrary.(

)A．mustn’t B．should C．must2．Todayisrainy.Theweatherissobad.You_____gobybus.(

)A．can B．can’t C．a(chǎn)regoingto3．Ican’tsleep,soyou______bequietand_____cry.(

)A．should;should B．should;shouldn’t C．shouldn’t;shouldn’t4．Mybrother_____useputerswhenhewasatschool.(

)A．can’t B．couldn’t C．wasn’t5．Cantheboy_________Chinese?(

)A．say B．speak C．speaks6．I_______useaputerlastyear.(

)A．can B．can’t C．couldn’t7．_______Ihavesomejuice?()A．Would B．Can C．May8．_______youpleasegivemeapencil?()A．Can B．Could C．May9．—Whocanhelpme?(

)—Sorry,I______.A．can B．can’t C．do10．Theboy_______rideabike,butthegirl_______.(

)A．could;couldn’t B．could;didn’t C．couldn’t;did D．didn’t;could11．There______anypeopleintheparkyesterdaymorning.(

)A．weren’t B．wasn’t C．wereno12．Thisbicycleistoobig.Myfeet_____theground.(

)A．don’tfeel B．don’ttouch C．doesn’tfeel D．doesn’ttouch二、改寫句子13．Youcanfindmuseums.(變?yōu)榉穸ň?_________________________________________________14．PeopleinTokyoloveeatingsushi.(變?yōu)榉穸ň?_________________________________________________15．A:I’mgoingtovisitafarmthisSunday.(變否定句)B:____________tovisitafarmthisSunday.16．MymotherwatchesTVeveryday.(改為否定句)_______________________________________17．Amywentskatinglastwinterholiday.(改為否定句)Amy____________skatinglastwinterholiday.18．Weenjoyedourstay.(改為否定句)___________________________19．Wecansinganddance.(改為否定句)We____sing____dance.20．LastweekIwenttomygrandma’shome.(改為否定句)LastweekI__________tomygrandma’shome.答案1．A2．A3．B4．B5．B6．C7．C8．B9．B10．A11．A12．B13．Youcannotfindmuseums.14．PeopleinTokyodon’tloveeatingsushi.15．I’m

not

going16．Mymotherdoesn’twatchTVeveryday.17．

didn’t

go18．Wedidn’tenjoyourstay.19．

can’t

or20．

didn’t

go【多元導(dǎo)學(xué)】IcanIcanplaybasketball.IcanIcanplaytennis.教學(xué)建議：對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行提問Whatcanyoudo?并提問還學(xué)過哪些類似于can的單詞，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生回答出情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。【互動(dòng)精講】知識(shí)點(diǎn)一（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）【知識(shí)梳理1】情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的定義：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是一種本身有一定的詞義，表示說話人的情緒，態(tài)度或語氣的動(dòng)詞，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語，只能和其他動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成謂語。如：

You

should

go

home

after

school.

They

must

do

their

homework

in

the

evening.

May

I

speak

to

Helen?

【知識(shí)梳理2】情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的分類：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞詞義否定形式否定詞義can能夠，會(huì)can’t不能，不會(huì)could能夠，會(huì)couldn’t不能，不會(huì)may可以maynot可能不must必須mustn’t不允許，不能shall將，要shallnot不得，不應(yīng)該should應(yīng)該shouldn’t不應(yīng)該need需要needn’t不必would將會(huì)，愿wouldn’t 不會(huì)，不愿【知識(shí)梳理3】有一定的詞義，但不能單獨(dú)做謂語，必須和行為動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞連用構(gòu)成謂語。無人稱和數(shù)的變化（haveto例外，如在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)下用于第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)用hasto）。后接動(dòng)詞原形，即不帶to的不定式。具有助動(dòng)詞的作用，可用來構(gòu)成否定句、疑問句及用于簡單答語。例：①Icannotswimverywell.②—Canyouswimverywell?—Yes,Ican./No,Ican’t.【知識(shí)梳理4】情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法:can的用法can表示能力，意思是“能，會(huì)”。后面直接跟動(dòng)詞原形，用于一切人稱和數(shù)。can的否定形式為cannot，其縮寫為“can’t。如：WecanspeakmuchEnglishnow.我們現(xiàn)在能說英語了。2)表示許可，意思是“可以”。如：YoucanwatchTVaftersupper.晚飯后你可以看電視。如：Youcanstayhereforanothersixweeks.你可以再待在這兒六個(gè)月。3)和can相關(guān)的常用句型a）CanIhelpyou?Yes,please./No,thanks.b）CanIborrowyourbook?Yes,ofcourse.c）CanIwriteonthebook?No,youcan’t\mustn’t.批注：could是can的過去式，同時(shí)也可以用來表示委婉語氣,但在小學(xué)階段重點(diǎn)考察委婉語氣的用法。如：Could\Canyouhelpme?Yes,ofcourse.\Certainly.\Sure.Could\CanyoutellmethewaytotheZoo?【例題精講】例1：Isithardforyoutofinishtoday’shomeworkyourself?No.I_________doit.A.need B.may C.can D.must解析：答案C。根據(jù)句意“對(duì)你來說，你自己完成今天的作業(yè)困難嗎？”“不，我能完成?！彼?，因選擇表示“能夠”的can。例2：______Itryonthoseshoesinthewindow?______.Theyarejustonshow.A.Could;Yes,youcanB.Can;Sorry,youcouldn’tC.Could;Sorry,youcan’tD.Can;Yes,youcould解析：答案C。上句表示征求意見，用委婉語氣，所以選用“could”。下句的意思是“抱歉，你不能”，表示能夠，用can。may的用法表示許可或征求對(duì)方的許可，有“可以”的意思。例1：It’salreadysix.Youmaygonow.現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)六點(diǎn)了，你可以走了。例2：MayIuseyourputer?我用一下你的電腦可以嗎？回答以may開頭的疑問句有如下表達(dá)法：例MayIsmokehereYes,youmay/can.\Yes,please.No,youcan’t.\No,youmustn’t.\No,you’dbetternot(最好不要).3）和may相關(guān)的常見句型a）MayIein?ein,please.b）MayIsithere?Yes,please.\Sorry,pleasedon’t.c）MayIhavesomeCoke?Yes,ofcourse.d）May/Could/CanIspeaktoTom?Speaking.Who’scalling?【例題精講】例1：Doyouhaveanyplansforthisweekend?I'mnotsure.I______goclimbingMountYuntai.A.mustB.needC.mayD.can解析：答案C。考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)的用法。A表示“必須”，B表示“需要”，C和D都表示“可能”，但是因?yàn)榍懊妗癐’mnotsure”，表示很不確定，所以用may。Must/haveto的用法1、must表示說話人的主觀意志，表示義務(wù)、命令或必要、應(yīng)當(dāng)和必須等?，F(xiàn)在式與過去式同形。否定句中用mustn’t表示禁止。例：①Imustgotoschooltoday.今天我必須上學(xué)去。

②HetoldmeImustn’tleaveuntilmymothercame.他告訴我，在我母親回來之前我不許離開。

2、must表示推測(cè)，“一定是”、“準(zhǔn)是”，一般用于肯定句。在疑問句和否定句中一般用can,否定句中can’t表示“不可能”。例：①Theymustbeverytired.Letthemhavearest.他們一定是非常疲勞了。讓他們休息一會(huì)兒吧。

②Jackdoesn’tlookwell.Hemustbeill.杰克看上去氣色不太好。他一定是病了。③Thatcan’tbetheonlywaytosolvetheproblem.那不可能是解決問題的唯一辦法。④Jane’slightison.Shemustbeathome.Shecan’tbeout.簡的房間里開著燈。她一定在家，不會(huì)出去的。3、以must開頭的疑問句，肯定回答用must；否定回答則常用needn’t，意為“不需要，不必”，相當(dāng)于don’thaveto.例：MustIfinishtheworktoday？Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t(don’thaveto).must和haveto意思都是“必須”，?？梢曰Q使用。但haveto用于強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要，意為“必須，不得不”；must用于表示主觀意愿，意為“必須”。例：①We’llhavetoaskZhangHonginstead.我們必須去請(qǐng)張紅代替了。②Wemustworkhardatschool.我們?cè)趯W(xué)校必須努力學(xué)習(xí)?！纠}精講】例1：Whoseisthepencilbox? It_______beTom's.Lookathisnameonthecover!A.canB.mayC.mustD.need解析：答案C。根據(jù)最后一句的句意“看他的名字在封面上”，可知前面表示很肯定的猜測(cè)，所以用must。例2：_______Iturndowntheradionow?No,you.A.Must;mustn’t B.Must;needn’t C.Need;can’t D.Need;won’t解析：答案B。考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。上句句意“我現(xiàn)在一定要把收音機(jī)聲音調(diào)小嗎？”，下句句意“不，你沒有必要”。由此可知第一空填寫“must”，表示“必須”；第二空填must表示“必須”時(shí)的否定“needn’t”或“don’t/doesn’thaveto”。例3：—Dad,mustwewaituntilthelightbeesgreen?—Yes,I'mafraidwe______.That’sthetrafficrule.A.canB.mayC.havetoD.need解析：答案C。考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。由上文句意“我們必須等到燈變綠嗎？”和下文句意“那是交通規(guī)則”可知，我們必須要等到燈變?yōu)榫G色。haveto“不得不”，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀上的要求。shall和should的用法should、shouldn’t表示勸告：

例如Heshouldgetupearly.例如Sheshouldn’tplayputergametoomuch.shall用于第一人稱(I,we),可以表示“將”和表示建議“……好嗎?”例如Whereshallwehavedinner?例如Shallwegofishing?Allright./OK./Goodidea.need的用法need表示需要后可接動(dòng)詞原形.例如：Heneedgotoschooltoday.Heneedn’tgotoschooltomorrow.5.would的用法1).Would表示建議“你愿意…嗎”

Wouldyouliketogoshoppingwithme?Yes,I’dloveto./I’dloveto.ButI’mbusynow.Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat/drink?Yes,I’dlike…知識(shí)點(diǎn)二（否定句）【知識(shí)梳理1】否定句的定義：含有否定詞not的句子。例如：Iamnotastudent.我不是一位學(xué)生。Icannotplaybasketball.我不會(huì)打籃球?！局R(shí)梳理2】肯定句變否定句的方法：1）含be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞型，直接在be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not，其它照抄不變。be動(dòng)詞包括：amisarewaswere。常見的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有cancouldmaymustshouldneed等。例如：（1）Iamastudent. Iamnotastudent.（2）Hewasateachertenyearsago.Hewasn’tateachertenyearsago.（3）IcanspeakEnglish.Ican’tspeakEnglish.2）含實(shí)意動(dòng)詞型，轉(zhuǎn)換為否定句時(shí)，記住五字“一加一還原”的原則?！耙患印奔丛趯?shí)意動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞的否定don't，doesn't或didn't?！耙贿€原”即把句中的實(shí)意動(dòng)詞變回原形。注意：在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，當(dāng)主語是第一、二人稱或復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，加don't來否定；當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，加doesn't來否定;在一般過去時(shí)中，一律用didn't來否定。例如：（1）Ilikeapples.Idon’tlikeapples.（2）Helikesapples.Hedoesn’tlikeapples.（3）Sheworkedlastnight.Shedidn’tworklastnight.3)肯定句變否定句的特殊情況：注意：遇到some變any；遇到too/also變either遇到and變or；遇到always變never例如：（1）Therearesomeboysintheclassroom.Therearen’tanyboysintheclassroom.Thegirlcansinganddance.Thegirlcan’tsingordance.【課堂檢測(cè)】一、單選題1．—You________dothat!Wecanputtherubbish________thebin.(

)—I'msorry.A．should;with B．shouldn’t;to C．shouldn’t;in2．You’regoodfriends.You____________helpeachother.(

)A．shouldn’t B．should C．can’t3．I_______rideabike,butI_______driveacar.(

)A．can;can B．can’t;can’t C．can;can’t4．—_______Tomreadbookswellwhenhewasachild?(

)—I’mafraidnot.Buthereallydoesitwellnow.A．Can B．May C．Could D．Will5．He_____look_____hissisterandplayedwithherwell.(

)A．could;at B．can;after C．could;after D．can;at6．Lookatthissign.You______runontheroad.It’sdangerous.()A．can’t B．shouldn’t C．must D．mustn’t7．I_______rideabiketenyearsago,butnowIridetoschooleveryday.(

)A．can’t B．didn’t C．couldn’t D．don’t8．“No_______”meansyou_______parkyourcarhere.(

)A．parking;can B．park;can’tC．parking;can’t D．park;maynot9．Tenyearsago,he______drivecars______horses.(

)A．doesn’t;and B．can't;and C．couldn’t;or D．can;or10．We________useglassbottles.We________usetoomanyplasticbottles.(

)A．should;should B．shouldn’t;should C．should;shouldn’t D．shouldn’t;shouldn’t11．—________Igotobednow?(

)—No,youcan’t.You________brushyourteethbeforebedtime.A．Can;must B．Must;must C．Can;can’t12．—What_________yourbrotherdo?()—Hecanswim.A．can B．must C．should D．would13．You_______watchTV.You_______gotobednow.It'stoolate.()A．can;must B．can't;must C．mustn't;can D．can;mustn't14．“Keepoffthegrass”meanswe_________walkonthegrass.(

)A．can B．shouldn’t C．must D．should15．_________youseetheredman?You_________crosstheroad.(

)A．Can;mustn’t B．Must;mustn’t C．Can;must16．Mygrandpaisseventyyearsold,buthe_______walkfast.(

)A．can B．must C．can’t D．shouldn’t17．‘Noparking.’meanswe_______parkourcarshere.(

)A．can B．shouldn’t C．must D．should18．I________openthedoornow.ButI________openitjustnow.(

)A．can’t,couldn’t B．can,could C．can,couldn’t19．We_______litterintheclassroom.(

)A．should B．shouldnot C．can D．could20．We_______anydancingclassesonFriday.(

)A．a(chǎn)rehaving B．a(chǎn)ren’thaving C．don’thave D．a(chǎn)rehave21．Thetwo________showedthekinghisnewclothes,buthe_______them.(

)A．man;couldn’tsaw B．girl;can’tsaw C．men;couldn’tsee D．woman;saw22．Theboy’sfather______angrybecausehe______dohishomework.(

)A．was;wasn’t B．is;isn’t C．was;didn’t23．Thetoyplaneflewtoohighandwe________hold________it.(

)A．can’t;onto B．couldn’t;onto C．could;on24．Theboyshouted,"There__________________waterleftinthebottle.I’msothirsty."(

)A．isn’t;any B．is;no C．is;little D．A,BandC二、用單詞正確形式填空25．You_____(must)stopyourcaratzebracrossings.26．I_____(cannot)drawwhenIwasthreeyearsold.27．You_________(must)playballgamesontheroad.28．Look!LiuTao_________(can)playbasketballverywell.29．We_______(should)throwrubbishanywhere.30．Tom________(can)playfootball.He________(look)sad.31．There_____(be)anymilkinthefridge.32．Tom___________(nothave)breakfastyesterdaymorning.33．It’sseveno’clock.David__________(brush)histeeth.Jack__________(notclean)theroom.34．She__________(notlike)opera.35．I__________(not)thinkso.36．They__________(nothave)ameetingyesterday.三、選詞/短語填空37．Hereistheredlightnow.We________(can/can’t)________(cross/across)theroad.38．She___________(can’t/can)walk,sheistooyoung.39．—_____(Can/Must)heswimintheswimmingpool?—Yes,hemust.40．—_____(Can/Must)Tomfinishhishomeworknow?—No,heneedn't.41．—_____(Can/Must)Iwatchthefilmwithmyfriendthisafternoon,Mum?—Yes,you_____(can/must).Butyou_____(can/must)cleanyourbedroomfirst.Itissomessy.42．People_____(can't/mustn't)takephotosinsomespecialmuseums.四、改寫句子43．Mikegetsuplateinthemorning.(用never改為否定句)Mike________uplateinthemorning.44．Mymotherwokemeupyesterdaymorning.(改為否定句)Mymother________meupyesterdaymorning.45．Myfatherdidhouseworkyesterdayevening.(改為否定句)Myfather____________houseworkyesterdayevening.46．Theyflewkiteshighinthesky.(改為否定句)They___________kiteshighinthesky.47．He’sgoingtotellmeallaboutit.(改為否定句)He______________goingtotellmeallaboutit.48．Theywerestudentstwoyearsago.(改為否定句)They_____students