2022PVSyst在校園建筑太陽能光伏發(fā)電設計中的應用

TheApplicationofPVSystforDesignofSolarPhotovoltaicPowerGenerationatSchoolAbstract.TheneedofelectricalpowerattheschoolbuildingmaybepartlyfulfilledbysolarPVpowergeneration.Thepanelsareinstalledontherooftopofthebuilding.Forthepurposeofoptimaldesignofthegenerationsystem,PVSystisemployedforthistask.ThispaperproposesthedesignofsolarPVgenerationusingPVSyst.Thedesignresultisthenconfirmedwiththerealsystem.Someadjustmentswillbecarriedouttoalignthedesignwiththerealsystem.Forthedesign,thedataofelectricloadisrecorded.Thecapacityofsolarintensityandotherparameterswerealsorecorded.Withthedatainhand,thedesignofsolarPVgenerationmaybecarriedoutusingPVSyst.Withthedesignresults,therealsystemmaybeimplementedreferringthedocumentofdesign.Sincethecapacityoftheavailablepanelsislimitedsomeapplicationmaynotbecompletelyimplemented.Besidesthecontributionintheformofloadsharing,thesystemmaybeusedbythestudentstolearnhowtheelectricitycanbegeneratedusingtheresourcesthatarefreelyavailableElectricalenergywillbeoneofthemostprospectiveenergiesinthecomingdecade.Therearesomereasonsbehindthisprediction.Theelectricalenergycanbeeasilygeneratedusingdifferenttechniqueutilizingdiverseresources.Thisenergymayalsobedeliveredachievinglongdistancewithminimumlosses.Thepossibilityofusingthisenergybynumerousequipmentfordifferentpurposefurthersupportsthisexpectation.Consideringthispicture,thedemandforelectricitywillcertainlybehighinthefuture.FortheparticularcaseinIndonesia,theincreaseofelectricitydemandisduetotheeconomicdevelopment,whichiscombinedwithurbanizationandindustrialization[1].ItwasobservedthatthepeakofelectricitydemandinIndonesiamaytriplebetween2010and2030inabusiness-as-usualcase,to77.3GW.Thisisduemainlytothemassiveuseofairconditioningwhilelightingandrefrigeratoralsogivesignificantcontributiontothisaddition.Anothermotivationtoextensivelyuseelectricalenergyisthesustainincreaseofoilprice[2].Theintensiveuseoffossilfuelswillcausetheresourcestolastquickly.Theacceleratedexplorationofthemineralwillcertainlyreducetheresourcefaster.

PVSyst摘要。學校建筑所需的電力可以通過太陽能光伏發(fā)電部分滿足。面板安裝在建筑物的屋頂上。為了實現(xiàn)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的最佳設計，采用PVSyst進行此任務。本文提出了使用PVSyst進行太陽能光伏發(fā)電的設計。設計結果隨后通過實際系統(tǒng)進行確認。將進行一些調整，以使設計與實際系統(tǒng)保持一致。在設計過程中，記錄了電力負荷數(shù)據(jù)。還記錄了太陽能強度和其他參數(shù)。掌握了這些數(shù)據(jù)后，可以使用PVSyst文檔實施實際系統(tǒng)。由于可用面板的容量有限，一些應用可能無法完全實施。除了在負荷共享方面的貢獻外，該系統(tǒng)還可以供學生學習如何利用免費資源發(fā)電[1]。觀察到在常規(guī)情況下，印2010203077.3吉瓦。[2]?；剂系倪^度使用將includingthefactorofpopulationgrowthinthispredictionmayleadtothefasterreductionofthemineral.Ifthisconditionpersists,thenitmayleadtothesituationwherethereisnofossilfuelleftforfuturegeneration.Currently,somecountriesstilldependheavilyonfossilfuels.Duetothisreasonitisestimatedthatby2050itwillonlyremainapproximately14%ofoilprovenreserves,72%ofcoalprovenreservesand18%ofgasprovenreserves[3].Iftherealuseoftheresourcesismoreintensivethenthethesewillfastdisappear.Capturingtheabovementionedpicture,thereisamassivemovementtouseelectricalenergyreplacingfossilfuels.Somesectorspreviouslyusedfossilfuelarecurrentlymovingtouseelectricity.Therapiddevelopmentandmassiveproductionoftransportationsystempoweredbyelectricmotorisoneofthestrategiesrespondingtheskyrocketoilprice[4].Theintensiveuseoffossilfuelthatcausessomenegativeenvironmentalimpactshasalsostronglymotivatedtoleavefossilfuelsandusemoreenvironmentallyfriendlyresources.Oneoftheimpactsofusingfossilfuelsisairpollutionthatcauseshealthproblems.Moregenerally,environmentproblemalsoindirectlycausesnegativeeffectsonsocialandeconomicaspect.Ontheotherhand,itwasreportedthaturbanroadtransportisthemainsourceofairpollutioncontributing75%-85%ofpollutantemission[5].Anumberofeffortsaremadeintheworldwidelevelforthepurposeofavoidingglobalwarming.Consideringtheaforementionedsituations,theneedforescalationofpowergenerationmaynotbeavoided.Whenthegenerationofelectricitystillusesfossilfuels,theincreaseofelectricitydemandleadstotheincreaseuseofthefuels.Hence,thereisnosignificantbenefitofreplacingfossilfuelwithelectricity.Itisthereforenecessarytogenerateelectricitywithresourcesotherthanfossilfuel.Therearemanyresourcesthatmaybeusedtogenerateelectricitythatareextensivelyavailable.Ontheotherhand,energy-efficiencyimprovementmayreducetheelectricitydemandatthecountrylevel.Utilizingenergyefficiencytolowerpeakelectricitydemandmayreducetheriskofeconomicallydamagingpowershortageswhilefreeingupthefundsthatwouldotherwisebeusedforconstructionofnewpowerplants.Itmayalsobenotedthatefficiencyimprovementofapplianceandlightingenablesholdingtheincreaseofpeakload.Renewableenergygenerationiswidelyconsideredastheanswertolong-termenergysupplysinceitiseitherunlimitedornon-polluting.Thereisaglobaltrendtowardgraduallyincorporatingrenewableenergysourcestomeetcountries'electricitydemands.Giventhepresentrateofgrowthinrenewableenergygeneration,itisbelievedthattheobjectiveofreplacingfossil-fuelbasedpowergenerationwithrenewableenergygenerationwillbefulfilledsoon.Thereissomeempiricaldatashowingthatthecombinationofvariousrenewableenergysourcesforelectricitygenerationwillreach100%,effectivelyeliminatingtheuseoffossilfuelsforelectricitygeneration[6].AccordingtoREN212022'sreport,renewablesachievedtheirgreatestachievementinthepowersectorin2021.Arecord315GWofadditionalrenewableenergycapacitywasadded.Solarphotovoltaicandwindpoweraccountfor90%ofallnewrenewableenergyinstallations.Accordingtoreports,135countrieshaverenewableenergygoals,while156haveregulatoryrenewableenergypolicies.Thelevelizedcostsofonshorewindpowerandsolarphotovoltaic(PV)arecurrentlylessexpensivethanfossilfuels[7].AccordingtoBPEnergyOutlook,thestructureofenergydemandhasshifted,withthedominanceoffossilfuelsprogressivelybeingreplacedbyagrowingproportionofrenewableenergyandincreasingelectrification.Rapidexpansionofrenewableenergycompensatesforthewaningimportanceoffossilfuels.Theproportionofrenewableenergyintheworld'sprimaryenergysupplyrisesfromapproximately10%in2019tobetween35%and65%in2050.Windandsolarpowerareanticipatedtoaccountforapproximately70%oftheworld'spowergeneration[8]atthistime.AccordingtoREN212022data,anotherinterestinginformationemergesabouttheshifttowardrenewableenergy.Inadditiontobeingcrucialfordecarbonizingthe

包括人口增長因素在內的預測可能導致礦物更快減少。如果這種情況持續(xù)下去，那么可能會出現(xiàn)未來沒有剩余化石燃料的情況。目前，一些國家仍然嚴重依賴化石燃料。由于這個原因，據(jù)估計到2050年，石油探明儲量將只剩下約14%，煤炭探明儲量將剩下72%，天然氣探明儲量將剩下18%]那么這些資源將很快消失。燃料的部門目前正轉向使用電力。由電動機驅動的交通系統(tǒng)的快速發(fā)展和大規(guī)模生產是應對油價飆升]的策略之一。導致一些負面環(huán)境影響的大量使用化石燃料也強烈促使人們放棄化石燃料，使用更多環(huán)保資源。使用化石燃料的一個影響是空氣污染，這會導致健康問題。更一般地說，環(huán)境問題也間接對社會和經濟方面產生負面影響。另一方面，據(jù)報道，城市道路運輸是空氣污染的主要來源，貢獻了75%?85%的污染物排放]現(xiàn)。有一些經驗數(shù)據(jù)表明，將各種可再生能源組合用于發(fā)電將達到100%，從而有[:]。REN212022202131590%。據(jù)報道，135156（PV）的[7]。BP201910%上升到2050年35%至6570%[A根據(jù)REN212022andreducingglobalclimatechange,hydropower,solarPV,andwindgenerationmaygetmorethan50%ofclimatemitigationmoney[9].Asaresultofdecarbonization,fundsformerlyspentonenvironmentalcompensationcanberedirectedtotheresearchanddevelopmentofalternativeenergysources.Thiswillhastenthedevelopmentofrenewableenergysourcesatthesametimethatenvironmentalqualityisenhanced.Duetotheeaseofenergyconversionandthedurabilityofthedevice,solarphotovoltaicisapromisingtechnologyforfutureapplicationsinenergygeneration.Theseadvantageshaveledtothewidespreadadoptionofsolarphotovoltaictechnology,whetherintheformofastand-aloneorgrid-connectedsystem.Ground-mounted,rooftop,building-integrated,androof-jackmountingsystemsareallviableoptionsforsolarphotovoltaicinstallations.Solarphotovoltaicefficacyislargelyreliantonconversionefficiency,whichisdeterminedbythefactorsofmaterial,construction,andspectrum.DesignandplanningofsolarPVgenerationrequiressimulationofpowergenerationandconnectionintotheexistingelectricutility.Toassistthedesign,asoftwarepackageisemployed.ThispaperpresentstheapplicationofPVSysttodesignthesolarPVPanelsforschoolbuilding.ThesoftwareprovidesfeaturesandfacilitiesincludingdatabaseofavailableresourcesforPVgenerationatspecificlocation,simulationofpanelorientation,simulationofuseddevices,andsimulationonpowersharingtotheexistingsystem.Inthispaper,thedataofavailableresourcesaregeneratedbythesoftware.However,realmeasurementswerealsocarriedoutforcomparisonpurpose.Thedesignwasinitiallycarriedoutfortheidealsystem,wheretherequirednumberofsolarPVpanelissufficienttoprovidethedemand.Someexcessivepowermaybesuppliedtothegrid.Sincetheprojectestablishedsmallernumberofpanel,thedesignwasalsocarriedoutfortherealsystem.Inthiscase,thegeneratedpowerisinsufficientforfulfillingthedemandandtheschemeofloadsharingisthenapplied.TherealgenerationsystemisinstalledattheroofofIslamicSeniorHighSchoolDaarulEchsanMuhammadiyahSragen(MadrasahAliyahMuhammadiyahDIMSA).Theelectriccapacityoftheschool'sinstalled23kVAthree-phasesystemisprovidedbytheGovernmentUtilityCompany.Theelectricalloadofthebuildingconsistsoflighting,theairconditioningsystem,computers,andafeweducationaldevicessuchasLCDDataProjectors.Somephotovoltaicpanelsareinstalledontherooftodistributetheload.Thesystemhasacapacityof8x545Wp.Theoutputofthesolarpanelsisconnectedtoa15kWinverter,whoseoutputissynchronizedwiththeelectricitygrid.Theidealsystem'scapacityis38panelsx545Wp,whichallowsittoproduce32,710kWhofenergyperyear.Withthedaylightuseof5,970kWh,thesystemmayexporttheenergytogridof26,740kWh.Ifthenightuseis7.350kWh,theannualnetsellingtothegridis19,390kWh.However,sincetherealsystemis8panelsx545Wp,theannualenergyproductionisonly6,770kWh.Theremainingenergysuppliedtothegridis2,070kWhbutthenightenergyuseof8,620kWh.Therefore,thenetelectricitybillmuststillbepaidfor6,550kWh.ProjectThesolarPVgenerationsystemhasbeencompletelyinstalledatthebuilding.SolarPVpanels,inverters,lineandconnection,andembeddedmeasurementequipmentareallincluded.Itshouldbenotedthattheschoolbuildingisstillunderconstruction,andsothegenerationsystemisnotyetoperational.Ontheotherhand,authorisationfromtheGovernmentUtilityCompanyisrequiredtoestablishthesynchronouslinktotheutilitygrid.Thisisowingtotheprospectofexportingpowertothegrid,whichthegovernmentshouldcarefullyinvestigatefrombothtechnicalandeconomicstandpoint[6].ThereispolicyfromtheGovernmentofIndonesiaregardingtheRooftopPhotovoltaicSolarSystemissuedat2018thatshouldbefollowed[7].However,theproposalhasbeensubmitted

50的氣候緩[C]。由于脫碳化，原本用于環(huán)境補償?shù)馁Y金可以重新定向用于替代能源的研助設計，采用了一套軟件包。本文介紹了PVSyst在為學校建筑設計太陽能光伏板實際發(fā)電系統(tǒng)安裝在伊斯蘭高中代爾·埃赫桑·穆罕默迪亞·斯雷根的屋頂（罕默迪亞·DIMSA中學）。學校安裝的23kVA三相系統(tǒng)的電力容量由政府公用事業(yè)公司提供。該建筑的電力負荷包括照明、空調系統(tǒng)、計算機和一些教育設備，如液晶數(shù)據(jù)投影儀。一些光伏板安裝在屋頂上以分配負荷。該系統(tǒng)容量為8x545Wp。太陽能電池板的輸出連接到一臺15kW的逆變?，其輸出與電力電網同步。38x545Wp，32,710kWh由于白天使用5,970kWh，該系統(tǒng)可以將26,740kWh間使用為7.350kWh，則該系統(tǒng)每年向電網的凈銷售額為19,390kWh8x545Wp，6,770kWh能源供應給電網為2,070kWh，但夜間能源使用為8,620kWh6,550kWh2018[7]。然而，提案已提交theGovernmentUtilityCompanystaffhasconductedafieldsurvey.Itisinthephaseofawaitingapproval.Intheinterim,experimentsandmeasurementsareconductedwhiletheproposalisbeingevaluated.TheIslamicSeniorHighSchoolDaarulEhsanMuhammadiyahSragenisoneoftwoinstitutionsaffiliatedwiththeDaarulEchsanMuhammdiyahSragenfoundation.IslamicSecondarySchoolDaarulEhsanMuhammadiyahSragenisanotherschool.Thesetwoschoolsarelocatedadjacenttooneanotherandaregovernedbythesametopmanager,althougheachschoolhasitsownprincipal.Theinstitutionsarelocatedinseparatebuildingswithseparateelectricalconnections.Thesecondaryschoolismanagedbyaprincipal,whoisassistedby55teachersandstaffsfortheeducationalprocessandadministrativeduties.Additionally,theschoolemployspersonnelforcleaningservice,cateringservice,canteen,andsecurity.Theschool'seducationalmodelisresidentialschool,andtheinstitutionmustprovidehousingfor440students.Fromtheperspectiveofelectricitydemand,thegovernmentutility'spowercapacityis85,6kVA.Theelectricityisutilizedtomeettherequirementsofeveryoneintheschool.Theintensiveuseofelectricityresultsinanaveragemonthlyenergyconsumptionof70kWhandabillof15millionIDR.Thehighschoolisbasicallythenewschool.Theschoolhasonlyonefirst-yearstudentenrolled.Theirstudentnumberis37.However,becauseitiswell-managed,thisschoolislikelytobegood,anditispredictedthatinthefuture,thisschoolwillbehighlyappealingtopotentialstudents.Thisschool,likethesecondaryschool,isaboardingschoolwherestudentsareprovidedwithlivingaccommodationsandmeals.Theschoolisdirectedbyaprincipal,whoisassistedinadministeringthelearningprocessby15academicandadministrativestaffmembers.Theboardingsupervisoralsosupervisesactivitiesoutsideofschoolhours.ThisisintendedtoattainanintegratedlearninggoalencompassingeverythingfromacademicstoIslamicbehaviour.TheGovernmentUtilityCompanyprovides23kVAofelectricityforthesepurposes.Thismaximuminstalledcapacityisverysufficientforthetimebeing.Asthenumberofstudentsgrows,sowillthedemandforelectricity.Atthemoment,theschool'saveragepowerconsumptionis10kW,anditsaveragemonthlyenergyconsumptionis60kWh.TheaveragemonthlyelectricityexpensefortheschoolisIDR1.8millionforthisuse.ForthepurposeofsolarPVgeneration,thedesignusingPVSystwascarriedout[8].TherearesomefeaturesprovidedbyPVSystfordesigningthegrid-connectedsolarPVgeneration[9].Theselectionofthissoftwareisduetotheadvanceofthesoftwarecomparedwithitscounterpart,likePVGISandHomer[10].Fortheprojectinhand,thesoftwarewasusedtodesigntheidealandtherealsystem.Theso-calledrealsystemisthesystemofsolarPVgeneration,whichiscurrentlyestablished.Forthiscase,thesimulationisusedtopredictthesystemperformanceandtheexpectedenergygenerationtocontributesharingtheload.GenerationsystemdesignusingPVsystisamodelingapplicationthatcanbeusedtodesignPVgenerationsystemasastandaloneorgrid-connectedsystem.Thisapplicationcanbeusedtodesignanddeterminehowmuchsolarenergymaybeproducedinaparticularlocation.Therearevariousfeaturesthatcanbeusedinthisapplicationincludingtodeterminethemodule,inverter,locationunderstudyandtoentrythemoduleandinvertermanually.Inthisdesign,shadowfactorisnotconsideredforthepurposeoffindingtheoptimumvaluethatcanbeproducedaswellastheperformanceofthesolarpowerplant.Thedevelopedgenerationsystemisintheformofgrid-connectedsystemasshownFig.1.ItmaybedescribedfromthefigurethatthesolarpanelsgenerateDCpower,

5544085.6kVA70kWh，1500這所高中基本上是新學校。學校只招收了一名一年級學生。他們的學號是37。然而，由于管理得當，這所學校很可能很好，預計未來這所學校將吸引很多潛在學校長在管理學習過程中得到15名學術和行政人員的協(xié)助。寄宿管理員也負責在校外的活動進行監(jiān)督。這是為了實現(xiàn)一個綜合學習目標，涵蓋從學術到伊斯蘭行為的一切。政府公用事業(yè)公司為這些目的提供了23kVA的電力。目前，這個最大裝機容量非常充足。隨著學生數(shù)量的增加，對電力的需求也會增加。目前，學校的平均用電量是10kW，平均每月能源消耗是60kWh。學校每月用于此用途的平均電費是180PVSyst[A]。PVSyst[C]。選擇這款軟件是因為它比同類軟件（如PVGISHomer）[10]。對于當前項目，該軟件被用于設計理想系統(tǒng)和使用PVSystPVSyst可用于設計和確定特定地點可能產生的太陽能量。該應用程序具有多種功能，包括確定組件、逆變?、研究地點，以及手動輸入組件和逆變?。在此設計中，為了找到可產生的最佳值以及太陽能電站的性能，未考慮陰影系數(shù)。1SolarPVSolarPV8x54515SchoolElectricUtility23kWFig.1.ThesystemofsolarphotovoltaicforDIMSAThefirststepofsystemdesignismeasurementoftheload.Theinstalledcapacityofthebuildingis23kVA,whilethepowerofallconnectedloadis13.614kW.Therefore,itisstillenoughpowerincaseadditionalloadsareconnectedtothesystem.Forthepurposeofdesigningthegenerationsystem,thetypeandsizeofthepanelneedtobedetermined.ThespecificationofthePVpanelisgiveninTable1,showing2alternativesofPVpanel.Table1.TheModulofSolarPVusedinthisMaximumPowerVoltageatMaximumPowerCurrentatMaximumPowerOpenCircuitVoltageShortCircuitCurrentMaximumSystem1000V/1500V1500VMaximumSeriesFuseOperationalSafetyClassClassCellDimensionsThenextstepisgeneratingthedataofresourcesfromthesunlightattheplacewherethesystemisestablished.ThedataisprovidedbyPVSystafterthespecificlocationisgiven.Inthisstudy,thelocationofthesystemisatPringan,KarangTengah,Sragenwiththecoordinateof-7.4144SouthLatitudeand111.023EastLongitude.ThedisplayofthePVSystforthespecificareaisgivenbyFig.2.Fromthegivenlocation,thedataofresourcesforgeneratingthepowerisgiveninFig.3.ItmaybeseenthattheresourcesissufficientforpowergenerationtofulfiltheelectricitydemandatDIMSASchool.

SolarPV8x545SolarPV8x54515SchoolElectricUtility23kW系統(tǒng)設計的第一步是測量負載。建筑物的安裝容量為23kVA13.614kW表2表1最大功率（Pmax1000V/1500V1500V尺 onsPVSystPringanKarangTengahSragen，7.4144111.023PVSyst2給出。根據(jù)給定的位置，用于發(fā)電的資源數(shù)據(jù)在圖3中給出。可以看出，這些資源足DIMSA學校的電力需求。 Fig.2.ThelocationofsolarphotovoltaicgenerationatDIMSAFig.3.TheresourcesforsolarphotovoltaicThenextstepisdeterminingthesystemandpanelorientation.Thesystemspecificationshavebeenenteredtothesoftware.ThetypeofpanelisJASolarorLONGISolar.Fortheinverter,thereare2choices:oneunitof15kWwiththebrandofKLNEortwounits,10kWeach,withthebrandofGrowatt.TheresultofsystemisgiveninFig.4,andtheresultofpanelorientationisgiveninFig.5.Formtheorientation,itmaybegivenherethatthepanelisplacedwiththetiltof29omeaningthattheelevationofpanelis29otowardthenorthdirection.

Fig.2.DIMSAFig.3下一步是確定系統(tǒng)和面板的朝向。系統(tǒng)規(guī)格已輸入軟件。面板類型為晶澳或隆基。對于逆變?，有2種選擇：1臺15kW的KLNE品牌或2臺各10kW的Growatt品牌。系統(tǒng)的結果在圖4中給出，面板朝向的結果在圖5來看，可以在這里說明面板的傾斜角度為29°，即面板的仰角向北29°。 Fig.4.ThedataofsolarPVforpowerFig.5.TheorientationofsolarPVforpowerResultandUponcompletionofdataentryforthesystemanddeterminationofresourcesforgeneration,thesystemisnowreadyforsimulation.Fortherealsystem,thenumberofpanelis8withthecapacityof545Wpeach,thedisplayforthegenerationsummaryisgivenbyFig.6.ThedetailofthepowergenerationisgivenbyFig.7.Forthe8panels,theenergythatcanbeprovidedis6770kWhper-year.Sincetheuseofelectricityatdaylightis4710kWh,thereisstillenergysurplusof2070kWh.Howeverduringnight,theuseofelectricityfromthegridis8620kWhandthereisamarginof6550kWhthattheschoolstillneedstopay.

圖4。圖5。8545Wp，發(fā)電匯總的顯示由圖6詳細信息由圖786770kWh天用電量為4710kWh，仍有2070kWh8620kWh，6550kWh Fig.6.Thesummaryofpowergenerationof8panelssolarFig.7.ThedetailenergyThedesignisfurthercarriedoutfortheidealsystem.Fortheidealgenerationsystem,thenumberofpa