2023屆高考英語閱讀理閱讀技巧專練-主旨大意（含答案）

2023屆閱讀理閱讀技巧專練:主旨大意

(共4題)

一、閱讀理解題(共4題)

1.Manykidshelpoutaroundthehousewithchoressuchasemptyingthedishwasher;putting

laundryaway,andtakingoutthetrash.Inexchange,somekidsgetallowancesorotherrewardssuchas

extracomputertime.

Butsomepeopledonotthinkthatkidsshouldgetrewardsfordoingchores.SusieWalton,a

parentingeducatorandfamilycoach,believesthatbyrewardingkids,parentsaresendingamessagethat

workisn'tworthdoingunlessyougetsomethinginreturn."Runninganykindofhouseholdisateam

effort,"Susiesaid."Ahomeisalivingspaceforeveryoneinthefamily.It'simportantforkidstoseethat

weallhaveresponsibilitiesinthehouse,andthatfamiliesdecidetogetherhowtheywanttheirhometo

look,andhowtheyaregoingtokeepitlookinglikeeveryonewantsittolook."

Otherpeoplebelievethatgettingacashallowanceorotherrewardsmotivateskidstodochores,

anditalsoteachesthemrealworldlessonsabouthowweneedtoworktoearnmoney.Therearealso

newapplicationsthatgivekidspointsanddigitalgiftsthatcanberedeemed(32取)eitheronlineorinthe

realworld.WiththeChoreMonsterapp,kidsearndigitalpointsbycompletingchoresthattheycanturn

inforreal-liferewardssuchasextraXboxtimeoratriptothemall."Ourgoalistoencouragekidstoearn

rewards,"saysChrisBergman,founderofChoreMonster."Kidsneedpositivereinforcementtohelp

motivatethem."

Whatdoyouthink?Shouldkidsberewardedfordoingchores?Orshouldkidshelpoutaroundtheir

homeswithoutgettinganythinginreturn?

Writea200-wordresponse.Sendittotfkasks4you@.Yourresponsemaybe

publishedinafutureissueofTimeForKids.Pleaseincludeyourgradeandcontactinformationofyour

parentorteacherifyouwantyourresponsetobepublished.ThedeadlineforrespondingisFebruary18.

(1)Howdoestheauthorstartthepassage?

A.Bypresentingsomefacts.B.Bylistingsomeevidence.

C.Bycomparingdifferentviews.D.Bystatinghisownexperiences.

(2)AccordingtoSusieWalton,.

A.kidsshouldberewardedfordoingchores

B.parentsdecidewhatkidscandoforthefamily

C.kidshavetheresponsibilitytosharehousework

D.kidscangetextracomputertimefordoingchores

(3)Paragraph3ismainlyabout.

A.ChrisBergman'sopiniononraisingkids

B.mainreasonswhykidsneedencouragement

C.howtomotivatekidstotrynewapplications

D.theadvantageofrewardingkidsfordoingchores

(4)Thepurposeofwritingthetextisto.

A.invitereaderstoexpresstheiropinions

B.informreadersoftwodifferentopinions

C.callonreaderstoreflectontheirbehavior

D.presenttheauthor'sviewpointaboutparenting

2.LouisPasteurwasborninDole,FranceonDecember27,1822.Hisfamilywaspoor,andduringhis

earlyeducation,Pasteurwasanordinarystudentwhoenjoyedartandsinging.However,whenPasteur

wasexposedtoscienceasaTeenager,heknewhefoundhiscareer.

In1848,Pasteurwenttocollegetobecomeascienceteacher.Hethenbecameachemistryprofessor

attheUniversityofStrasbourg.Hegotmarriedin1849andhadfivechildren.However,threediedyoung

fromtyphoidfever(傷寒).ItwasthedeathsofhischildrenthatdrovePasteurtoinvestigateinfectious

diseasesinordertofindacure.

DuringPasteur'stime,peoplebelievedthatbacteriaappeareddueto"spontaneousgeneration"(自

然發(fā)生).Theythoughtthatthebacteriajustappearedoutofnowhere.Pasteurcarriedoutexperiments

toseeifthiswastrue.Throughhisexperimentsheprovedthatbacteriawerelivingthingsthatcamefrom

otherlivingthings.Theydidn'tjustspontaneouslyappear.Thiswasamajordiscoveryinthestudyof

biologyandearnedPasteurthetitleofFatherofMicrobiology.

AsPasteurlearnedmereaboutbacteria,hebegantothinktheymaybethecauseofdiseasesin

humans.WhentheFrenchsilkmarketwasthreatenedbyadiseasetosilkworms(蠶)，Pasteurdecidedto

investigate.Hediscoveredthatthisdiseasewascausedbybacteria.Bykillingthemfromthesilkworm

farms,hewasabletoceasethediseaseandsavetheFrenchsilkbusiness.

TodayLouisPasteurisknownasoneofthemostimportantscientistsinhistory.Hisdiscoveriesledto

anunderstandingofbacteriaanddiseasesthathashelpedsavemillionsandmillionsoflives.

(1)Afterhischildren'sdeaths,LouisPasteur.

A.becameafraidofinfectiousdiseases

B.wasfrustratedandwantedtodonothing

C.decidedtofindou:howtotreatthedisease

D.didn'tknowitwastyphoidfeverthatcausedtheirdeaths

(2)WhatisimpliedaboutLouisPasteur'sdiscoveryinParagraph3?

A.Itsupportedwhatmostpeoplethoughtatthattime.

B.Itrevealedthatbasteriaoftenappearedoutofnowhere.

C.ItattractedtheattentionoftheFatherofMicrobiology.

D.Itwasaveryimportantdiscoveryinthehistoryofbiology.

(3)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"cease"inParagraph4?

A.End.B.Find.C.Develop.D.Spread.

(4)Whatistheauthorintendedtotellusinthetext?

A.Adiseasethatkilledchildreneasilyinhistory.

B.agreatscientistinthefieldofbiologyinhistory.

C.Someofthemostmportantscientistsinhistory.

D.Someofthemostimportantdiscoveriesinhistory.

3.Manypeopleavoidapologizingbecauseadmittingtowrongdoingmakesthemuncomfortable."We

liketoviewourselvesasgoodpeopleaskindandconsiderate,"saysRyanFehr;aprofessoratthe

UniversityofWashington."Apologiesforceustoadmittoourselvesthatwedon'talwaysliveuptoour

ownstandards.Wemightalsofearthatthevictimwon'tacceptourapology,furtherdamagingour

positivesenseofself.Forthesereasons,anapologycanbeverydifficulttogive.

Formany,apologizingisstressful,awkwardanduncomfortable.Butaheartfeltapologyhaspositive

effects.Itcanimproveyourmentalhealth,repairdamagedrelationshipsandpromoteself-esteem.

"Apologyactsasasignalofcne'smoralcharacter,"Fehrsays.

ResearchersatOhioStateUniversityhavedeterminedthateffectiveapologieshavefiveelements:

expressingregret,explainingwhatwentwrong,acknowledgingresponsibility,offeringtorepairthe

situationandrequestingforgiveness.Allfivearen'tnecessaryeverytime."Themoreofthoseelements

wereincluded,themorelikelytheapologywasseenasconvincing,"saysRoyLewicki,theeadstudy

author."Acknowledgementofresponsibilityturnedouttobethemostimportantpiece,followedbyan

explanationofwhyithappenedanddeclarationofregret."

"Sometimes,animmediateapologyiscalledfor,"saysAntonyManstead,apsychologyprofessorat

CardiffUniversity."Butiftheotherpartyisangryatyourwrongdoing,itmaybemoreeffectivetowait,

becausetheirangermaystopthemacceptinganapology.Someresearchsuggeststhatadelayincreases

anapology'seffectivenessbecauseitconveysthatthewrongdoerhashadtimetoreflectonhis/her

misdeeds,"saysMaraOlekclns,aprofessorofmanagementatMelbourneBusinessSchool."Thebest

timetoapologizeiswhenonefeelsreadytosincerelyapologize,"saysEtienneMullet,researchdirector

oftheEthicsandWorkLaboratoryattheInstituteofAdvancedStudies."Thereisnothingworseinthese

situationsthaninsincereapologies."

(1)Whydomanypeoplefeeluncomfortabletoapologize?

A.Theyarekindandconsideratepeople.

B.Theyareafraidoflosingface.

C.Theybelievethemselvesright.

D.Theyhavehighmoralstandards.

(2)Whatisthemostimportantwhenitcomestomakinganeffectiveapology?

A.makeacomparisonB.introduceatopic

C.describeasceneD.offeranargument

(2)Inthewriter'sopinion,hisneighborwas.

A.friendlyB.warm-heartedC.notconsiderateD.nothelpful

(3)From"Dreamsofhead-cutting!"(Paragraph3),welearnthatthewriter.

A.wasmadatthesalesagent

B.wasremindedofthecruelpharaoh

C.wishedthatthesalesagentwouldhavehaddreams

D.dreamedofcuttingthesalesagent'sheadthatnight

(4)Whatisthemainideacfthetext?

A.Deliveringbadnewsproperlyisimportantincommunication.

B.Helpingotherssincerelyisthekeytobusinesssuccess.

C.Receivingbadnewsrequiresgreatcourage.

D.Learningancienttraditionscanbeuseful.

答案

一、閱讀理解題(共4題)

1.【答案】

(1)A

(2)C

(3)D

(4)A

【解析】

⑴這是一篇議論文。本文主要對孩子在家里做家務(wù)到底要不得到報酬進行討論，進而要求讀者

表達他們的觀點。

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"Manykidshelpoutaroundthehousewithchoressuchasemptyingthe

dishwasher,puttinglaundryaway,andtakingoutthetrash.Inexchange,somekidsgetallowancesor

otherrewardssuchasextracomputertime”可知，許多孩子在家里幫忙做家務(wù)，比如清空洗碗機，把

衣服收起來，然后把垃圾拿出去。在交流中，有些孩子得到津貼或其他獎勵，如額外的計算機時間。

可推知，作者是通過陳述事實來開始這一段文章的。故選Ao

(2)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Susiesaid,"Ahomeisalivingspaceforeveryoneinthefamily.It's

importantforkidstoseethatweallhaveresponsibilitiesinthehouse/,可知,Susie說“家是每個人的

生活空間。讓孩子們明白我們都有責任，這很重要。根據(jù)SusieWalton所說，孩子們有分擔家務(wù)

的責任。故選C項。

(3)主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容特別是開頭句Otherpeoplebelievethatgettingacashallowance

orotherrewardsmotivate