《安全員》課件-03 安全事故的調(diào)查與處理

《安全員》TheSecurity第三節(jié)安全事故的調(diào)查與處理Section3Investigationandhandlingofsafetyincidents事故調(diào)查分析的目的主要是為了弄清事故情況，從思想、管理和技術(shù)等方面查明事故原因，分清事故責(zé)任，提出有效改進(jìn)措施，從中吸取教訓(xùn)，防止類似事故重復(fù)發(fā)生。Thepurposeofaccidentinvestigationandanalysisistoclarifytheaccidentsituation,identifythecausesoftheaccidentintermsofideology,managementandtechnology,assignresponsibilityfortheaccident,proposeeffectiveimprovementmeasures,drawlessonsfromitandpreventtherecurrenceofsimilaraccidents.一、事故調(diào)查分析Accidentinvestigationandanalysis(1)查清事故發(fā)生經(jīng)過。即通過現(xiàn)場留下的痕跡，空間環(huán)境的變化，對事故見證人及受傷者的詢問及對有關(guān)現(xiàn)象的仔細(xì)觀察以及必要的科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)等方式或手段來弄清事故發(fā)生的前后經(jīng)過，并用簡短文字準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)出來。(1)Findoutthecauseoftheaccident.Throughthetracesleftatthescene,changesinthespatialenvironment,inquiriesfromaccidentwitnessesandinjuredindividuals,carefulobservationofrelevantphenomena,andnecessaryscientificexperiments,etc.,wecanclarifythehistoryoftheaccidentandaccuratelyexpressitinshortwords.(2)找出事故原因。即從人的因素、管理因素、環(huán)境因素以及機(jī)器設(shè)備本質(zhì)安全因素等方面進(jìn)行綜合分析，找出事故發(fā)生的直接原因和間接原因。找出事故原因是事故調(diào)查分析的中心任務(wù)。(2)Identifythecauseoftheaccident.Thatis,comprehensiveanalysisismadefromhumanfactors,managementfactors,environmentalfactorsandIntrinsicsafetyfactorsofmachineryandequipmenttofindoutthedirectandindirectcausesofaccidents.Identifyingthecauseoftheaccidentisthecentraltaskofaccidentinvestigationandanalysis.1、事故調(diào)查分析的主要任務(wù)是：1.Themaintasksofaccidentinvestigationandanalysisare:(1)查清事故發(fā)生經(jīng)過。即通過現(xiàn)場留下的痕跡，空間環(huán)境的變化，對事故見證人及受傷者的詢問及對有關(guān)現(xiàn)象的仔細(xì)觀察以及必要的科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)等方式或手段來弄清事故發(fā)生的前后經(jīng)過，并用簡短文字準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)出來。(1)Findoutthecauseoftheaccident.Throughthetracesleftatthescene,changesinthespatialenvironment,inquiriesfromaccidentwitnessesandinjuredindividuals,carefulobservationofrelevantphenomena,andnecessaryscientificexperiments,etc.,wecanclarifythehistoryoftheaccidentandaccuratelyexpressitinshortwords.(2)找出事故原因。即從人的因素、管理因素、環(huán)境因素以及機(jī)器設(shè)備本質(zhì)安全因素等方面進(jìn)行綜合分析，找出事故發(fā)生的直接原因和間接原因。找出事故原因是事故調(diào)查分析的中心任務(wù)。(2)Identifythecauseoftheaccident.Thatis,comprehensiveanalysisismadefromhumanfactors,managementfactors,environmentalfactorsandIntrinsicsafetyfactorsofmachineryandequipmenttofindoutthedirectandindirectcausesofaccidents.Identifyingthecauseoftheaccidentisthecentraltaskofaccidentinvestigationandanalysis.1、事故調(diào)查分析的主要任務(wù)是：1.Themaintasksofaccidentinvestigationandanalysisare:(3)分清事故責(zé)任。通過事故調(diào)查，劃清與事故事實(shí)有關(guān)的法律責(zé)任，并對有關(guān)責(zé)任者提出處理建議，包括行政處分，經(jīng)濟(jì)處罰。構(gòu)成犯罪的，由司法機(jī)關(guān)依法追究刑事責(zé)任。(3)Clarifyaccidentresponsibilities.Throughaccidentinvestigation,clarifythelegalresponsibilitiesrelatedtotheaccidentfacts,andproposehandlingsuggestionstotheresponsibleparties,includingadministrativesanctionsandeconomicpenalties.Ifacrimeisconstituted,thejudicialorgansshallinvestigatecriminalresponsibilityinaccordancewiththelaw.(4)吸取事故教訓(xùn)，提出預(yù)防措施，防止類似事故的重復(fù)發(fā)生。這是事故調(diào)查分析的最終目的。(4)Learnfromaccidentsandproposepreventivemeasurestopreventsimilaraccidentsfromrecurring.Thisistheultimatepurposeofaccidentinvestigationandanalysis.1、事故調(diào)查分析的主要任務(wù)是：1.Themaintasksofaccidentinvestigationandanalysisare:(3)分清事故責(zé)任。通過事故調(diào)查，劃清與事故事實(shí)有關(guān)的法律責(zé)任，并對有關(guān)責(zé)任者提出處理建議，包括行政處分，經(jīng)濟(jì)處罰。構(gòu)成犯罪的，由司法機(jī)關(guān)依法追究刑事責(zé)任。(3)Clarifyaccidentresponsibilities.Throughaccidentinvestigation,clarifythelegalresponsibilitiesrelatedtotheaccidentfacts,andproposehandlingsuggestionstotheresponsibleparties,includingadministrativesanctionsandeconomicpenalties.Ifacrimeisconstituted,thejudicialorgansshallinvestigatecriminalresponsibilityinaccordancewiththelaw.(4)吸取事故教訓(xùn)，提出預(yù)防措施，防止類似事故的重復(fù)發(fā)生。這是事故調(diào)查分析的最終目的。(4)Learnfromaccidentsandproposepreventivemeasurestopreventsimilaraccidentsfromrecurring.Thisistheultimatepurposeofaccidentinvestigationandanalysis.1、事故調(diào)查分析的主要任務(wù)是：1.Themaintasksofaccidentinvestigationandanalysisare:根據(jù)75號令第三章第十二條的規(guī)定，事故調(diào)查組有如下職責(zé)：AccordingtoArticle12ofChapter3ofOrder75,theaccidentinvestigationteamhasthefollowingresponsibilities:(1)查明事故發(fā)生原因、過程和人員傷亡、經(jīng)濟(jì)損失情況；(1)Identifythecause,process,casualties,andeconomiclossesoftheaccident;根據(jù)75號令第三章第十二條的規(guī)定，事故調(diào)查組有如下職責(zé)：AccordingtoArticle12ofChapter3ofOrder75,theaccidentinvestigationteamhasthefollowingresponsibilities:(2)確定事故責(zé)任者；(1)Identifythecause,process,casualties,andeconomiclossesoftheaccident;根據(jù)75號令第三章第十二條的規(guī)定，事故調(diào)查組有如下職責(zé)：AccordingtoArticle12ofChapter3ofOrder75,theaccidentinvestigationteamhasthefollowingresponsibilities:(3)提出事故處理意見和防范措施的建議；(3)Providesuggestionsforaccidenthandlingandpreventivemeasures;根據(jù)75號令第三章第十二條的規(guī)定，事故調(diào)查組有如下職責(zé)：AccordingtoArticle12ofChapter3ofOrder75,theaccidentinvestigationteamhasthefollowingresponsibilities:(4)寫出事故調(diào)查報(bào)告。(4)Writeanaccidentinvestigationreport.(1)事故調(diào)查組有權(quán)向發(fā)生事故的企業(yè)和有關(guān)單位、有關(guān)人員了解有關(guān)情況和索取有關(guān)資料，任何單位和個(gè)人不得拒絕；(1)Theaccidentinvestigationteamhastherighttoinquireabouttherelevantsituationandrequestrelevantinformationfromtheenterprise,relevantunits,andpersonnelinvolvedintheaccident,andnounitorindividualshallrefuse;根據(jù)75號令第二章第十三條和第十五條規(guī)定．事故調(diào)查組有如下權(quán)限：AccordingtoArticle13andArticle15ofChapter2ofOrder75,theaccidentinvestigationteamhasthefollowingpowers:(2)任何單位和個(gè)人不得阻礙、干涉事故調(diào)查組的正常工作。(2)Nounitorindividualshallobstructorinterferewiththenormalworkoftheaccidentinvestigationteam.(1)事故調(diào)查組有權(quán)向發(fā)生事故的企業(yè)和有關(guān)單位、有關(guān)人員了解有關(guān)情況和索取有關(guān)資料，任何單位和個(gè)人不得拒絕；(1)Theaccidentinvestigationteamhastherighttoinquireabouttherelevantsituationandrequestrelevantinformationfromtheenterprise,relevantunits,andpersonnelinvolvedintheaccident,andnounitorindividualshallrefuse;(2)任何單位和個(gè)人不得阻礙、干涉事故調(diào)查組的正常工作。(2)Nounitorindividualshallobstructorinterferewiththenormalworkoftheaccidentinvestigationteam.根據(jù)75號令第二章第十三條和第十五條規(guī)定．事故調(diào)查組有如下權(quán)限：AccordingtoArticle13andArticle15ofChapter2ofOrder75,theaccidentinvestigationteamhasthefollowingpowers:此外，第三章第十四條還規(guī)定；事故調(diào)查組在查明事故情況后，如果對事故的分析和事故責(zé)任者的處理不能取得一致意見，勞動(dòng)部門有權(quán)提出結(jié)論性意見，如果仍有不同意見，應(yīng)報(bào)上級勞動(dòng)部門和有關(guān)部門處理；仍不能達(dá)成一致意見的，報(bào)同級人民政府裁決。但不得超過事故處理工作的時(shí)限。Inaddition,Article14ofChapter3alsostipulatesthat;Afteridentifyingtheaccidentsituation,iftheaccidentinvestigationteamcannotreachaconsensusontheanalysisoftheaccidentandthehandlingoftheresponsibleperson,thelabordepartmenthastherighttoputforwardconcludingopinions.Iftherearestilldifferentopinions,theyshouldreporttothehigher-levellabordepartmentandrelevantdepartmentsforhandling;Ifaconsensuscannotbereached,itshallbereportedtothepeople'sgovernmentatthesamelevelforruling.Butitshallnotexceedthetimelimitforaccidenthandlingwork.傷亡事故處理的目的是通過對事故責(zé)任者的處罰來教育廣大干部和群眾，使其認(rèn)真執(zhí)行國家安全生產(chǎn)方針，遵守安全生產(chǎn)法規(guī)，杜絕“三違”現(xiàn)象，防止相同或類似事故的發(fā)生。Thepurposeofhandlingcasualtyaccidentsistoeducatecadresandthepublicthroughthepunishmentofthoseresponsibleforaccidents,toensurethattheyconscientiouslyimplementnationalsafetyproductionpolicies,complywithsafetyproductionregulations,eliminatethephenomenonof"threeviolations",andpreventtheoccurrenceofsimilaroridenticalaccidents.二、事故的處理2、Accidenthandling國務(wù)院75號令第四章第十六條全第二十條對傷亡事故的處理作了如下規(guī)定：Article16andArticle20ofChapter4ofOrder75oftheStateCouncilprovidethefollowingprovisionsforthehandlingofaccidentsinvolvingcasualties:1)事故調(diào)查組提出的事故處理意見和防范措施建議，由發(fā)生事故的企業(yè)及其主管部門負(fù)責(zé)處理。1)Theaccidenthandlingopinionsandpreventivemeasuresproposedbytheaccidentinvestigationteamshallbehandledbytheenterpriseanditscompetentdepartmentthatcausedtheaccident.2)因忽視安全生產(chǎn)、違章指揮、違章作業(yè)、玩忽職守或者發(fā)現(xiàn)事故隱患、危害情況而不采取有效措施以致造成傷亡事故的，由企業(yè)主管部門或者企業(yè)按照國家有關(guān)規(guī)定，對企業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)人和直接責(zé)任人員給予行政處分，構(gòu)成犯罪的，由司法機(jī)關(guān)依法追究刑事責(zé)任。2)Ifacasualtyiscausedbyneglectofsafeproduction,unlawfulcommand,unlawfuloperation,negligenceorfailuretotakeeffectivemeasureswhenanaccidentorhazardoussituationisdiscovered,thecompetentdepartmentoftheenterpriseortheenterpriseshall,inaccordancewiththerelevantprovisionsoftheState,imposeadministrativepenaltiesonthepersoninchargeoftheenterpriseandthedirectlyresponsibleperson,andifitconstitutesacrime,thejudicialauthoritiesshallinvestigatecriminalresponsibilityinaccordancewiththelaw.3)違反本規(guī)定，在傷亡事故發(fā)生后隱瞞不報(bào)，謊報(bào)、故意遲延不報(bào)、故意破壞事故現(xiàn)場，或者無正當(dāng)理由，拒絕接受調(diào)查以及拒絕提供有關(guān)情況和資料的，由有關(guān)部門按照國家有關(guān)規(guī)定，對有關(guān)單位負(fù)責(zé)人和直接責(zé)任人員給予行政處分；構(gòu)成犯罪的，由司法機(jī)關(guān)依法追究刑事責(zé)任。3)Thosewhoviolatetheseregulationsbyconcealingorfailingtoreport,falselyreporting,intentionallydelayingordamagingtheaccidentsceneaftertheoccurrenceofacasualtyaccident,orrefusingtoacceptinvestigationorproviderelevantinformationandmaterialswithoutjustifiablereasons,shallbesubjecttoadministrativesanctionsbyrelevantdepartmentsinaccordancewithrelevantnationalregulationsontherelevantindividualresponsiblepersonanddirectlyresponsiblepersonnel;Ifacrimeisconstituted,thejudicialorgansshallinvestigatecriminalresponsibilityinaccordancewiththelaw.4)在調(diào)查、處理傷亡事故中玩忽職守、詢私舞弊或者打擊報(bào)復(fù)的，由其所在單位按照國家有關(guān)規(guī)定給予行政處分；構(gòu)成犯罪的，由司法機(jī)關(guān)依法追究刑事責(zé)任。4)Thosewhoneglecttheirduties,engageinprivateinquiryfraudorretaliateintheinvestigationandhandlingofcasualtiesshallbegivenadministrativesanctionsbytheirunitinaccordancewithrelevantnationalregulations;Ifacrimeisconstituted,thejudicialorgansshallinvestigatecriminalresponsibilityinaccordancewiththelaw.5)傷亡事故處理工作應(yīng)當(dāng)在90日內(nèi)結(jié)案，特殊情況不得超過180日。傷亡事故處理結(jié)案后，應(yīng)當(dāng)公開宣布處理結(jié)果。5)Thehandlingofcasualtiesshouldbecompletedwithin90days,andinspecialcircumstances,itshouldnotexceed180days.Afterthecompletionofthehandlingofcasualties,theresultsofthehandlingshouldbepubliclyannounced.在具體進(jìn)行傷亡事故處理時(shí)，應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：Whendealingwithcasualties,thefollowingpointsshouldbenoted:1)在處理事故時(shí)，應(yīng)結(jié)合各級安全生產(chǎn)責(zé)任制的規(guī)定，分清事故的直接責(zé)任者(指其行為省事故的發(fā)生有直接關(guān)系的人員)、主要責(zé)任者(指對事故的發(fā)生起主要作用的人員)和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)責(zé)任者(指對事故的發(fā)生負(fù)有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)責(zé)任的人員)。1)Whendealingwithaccidents,itisnecessarytocombinetheprovisionsofthesafetyproductionresponsibilitysystematalllevelstodistinguishthedirectresponsibleperson(referringtothepersonwhosebehaviorisdirectlyrelatedtotheoccurrenceoftheaccident),themainresponsibleperson(referringtothepersonwhoplaysamajorroleintheoccurrenceoftheaccident),andtheleadershipresponsibleperson(referringtothepersonwhobearsleadershipresponsibilityfortheoccurrenceoftheaccident).2)凡因錯(cuò)誤指揮，缺乏安全生產(chǎn)規(guī)章制度使職工無章可循，不按規(guī)定對職工進(jìn)行安全技術(shù)教育和考核．安全管理混亂，實(shí)行經(jīng)濟(jì)承包、租賃，承包合同沒有勞動(dòng)保護(hù)內(nèi)容，機(jī)械設(shè)備和設(shè)施不按時(shí)檢修或明知設(shè)施有隱患而不及時(shí)消除，勞動(dòng)條件和作業(yè)環(huán)境不安全又不采取措施，不按規(guī)定提取和使用安全措施經(jīng)費(fèi)，新建、改建、擴(kuò)建工程和技術(shù)改造項(xiàng)目，安全衛(wèi)生設(shè)施不與主體工程“三同時(shí)”以致造成傷亡事故的，應(yīng)當(dāng)迫究有關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的責(zé)任。2)Duetoincorrectcommand,lackofsafetyproductionrulesandregulations,employeesareleftwithoutrulestofollow,andsafetytechnicaleducationandassessmentarenotcarriedoutaccordingtoregulations.Safetymanagementischaotic,economiccontractingandleasingareimplemented,andthecontractdoesnotincludelaborprotectioncontent.Mechanicalequipmentandfacilitiesarenotrepairedontimeorarenoteliminatedinatimelymannerknowingthattherearehiddendangersinthefacilities,andlaborconditionsandworkingenvironmentareunsafewithouttakingmeasures,Ifsafetymeasuresfundsarenotextractedandusedinaccordancewithregulations,newconstruction,renovation,expansionprojects,andtechnicalrenovationprojectsarenotconstructed,andsafetyandhealthfacilitiesarenotsynchronizedwiththemainproject,resulting