考研英語二（閱讀）模擬試卷21

考研英語二（閱讀）模擬試卷21

一、閱讀(常規(guī)閱讀理解)(本題共2。題，每題

分,共20分。)

Threemakesatrend.TheWashingtonPostCo.Fridayannounced(hatitwouldlookto

sellitsheadquartersbuildingindowntownWashington,D.C.InJanuary,theDetroitFree

PressandTheDetroitNewsannouncedtheywouldputupforsaletheirheadquarters.

Thesamemonth,FrankGannettsaiditwillsellthebuildingthathousestheRochester,

N.Y.,Democrat&Chronicle.ThebuildingwastheplacewhereGannettstartedandbuilt

hisvastnewspaperempire.It'snosecretthatnewspapersareincrisis.Advertising

revenueshavefallenbyhalfinthepastdecadeandarebacktowheretheywerein1983;

circulationrevenuesarcbacktowheretheywerein1996.Thedigitalnumbersarerising,

butnotfastenough.Printmediaishamperedbyhighfixedcostsincurredinthepre-

digitalera-pensionsandunioncontracts,equipmentlikeprintingpresses,largenumbers

ofemployees,andbigofficebuildings.Virtuallyeverynewspapercompanyhasengaged

indrasticmeasures—layingeffexperiencedemployees,eliminatingsections,cutting

backprintingfromdailytoafewdaysperweek.Thoseeffortsareallmeanttolowerday

(o-dayoperatingcosts.Butwe'vealsoseennewspapercompaniesseekonetimeinjections

ofcashbysellingoffnon-coreassets.Increasingly,iheheadquartersbuilding-typically

locatedrightinthemiddleoftown—isfallinginto(henon-coreassetcategory.

Traditionalistsmayfindthesesalesandthecontinuedshrinkingofnewspapers'real-

estatefootprintstobedepressing.Butit'sactuallyapositivedevelopment.Callitcreative

destruction,oradaptivereuse.Incitiesaroundthecountry,investorsarefindingbetter

usesforproperties.InlowerManhattan,ClassBofficebuildingsthatusedtohouse

financialfirmshavebeenconvertedintoexpensiveseparateapartments."It'sagreat

thing,becauseitdrivesmoretaxrevenuetothecities.Anditgivesthesuburbsarunfor

themoney,"saidJonathanMiller,presidentofappraisalcompanyMillcrSamucLInD.C,

theWashingtonPostwilllikelyfetchanexcellentpriceforitsheadquartersbecause

Washingtonisaboomtown.ThroughoutD.C,investorsareplowingcashintohousing,

office,andretaildevelopments.Thebuildingthathousedtheorganizationthatexposed

(heWatergatescandalmaybecomethenextWatergatecomplexOfcourse,progress

inevitablydisplacesthepriortenants.Il'slikelythenewhomesthatwillbeoccupiedby

newspapermenandnewspaperwomeninWashington,Rochester,andDetroitwillbeless

grand,lesscentral,andlesshistoricthantheircurrenthomes.Andthesaleofthese

propertiesalonewon'tsolvethenewspapers'financialproblems.Butitwillbuythema

veryvaluablecommodity:time.

1、Bysaying"Threemakesatrend"(Para.I),theauthorimpliesthat.

A、thethreecompanieshavesoldtheirbuildingstogether

B、newspaper-publishershavewidelyfallenintocrisis

C^newspapergiantsstarttoenterhousingmarket

D^i【'spopularfbrprintingcompaniestochangeheadquarters

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題干定位到第一段。Threemakesatrend該句總起全文，引出要

討論的話題；該段隨后分別列舉了三個(gè)報(bào)業(yè)大集團(tuán)出售其辦公大樓的事例；緊接著

第二段Q)句點(diǎn)出賣樓原因乃是報(bào)業(yè)不景氣(newspapersareincrisis),因而可知，該

句是想通過具體事例說明報(bào)業(yè)危機(jī)的趨勢(shì)"end),故選B項(xiàng)。

2、AccordingtoParagraph2,whathasstoodinthewayofprintmedia'sfurther

development?

A^Thedeclineofadvertisingrevenues.

B、Thespreadofdigitalnews.

C、Theover-highoperatingcost.

D、Thelargeofficebuildings.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c-

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題干定位到第二段。由該段④句的Printmediaishamperedby

highfixedcosts”出版媒體深陷于高額固定成本的泥潭之中”可知，阻礙出版業(yè)發(fā)展

的因素是高昂的固定成本，因此選擇C項(xiàng)。

3、Innewspaperindustry,drasticmeasuresareadoptedwiththepurposeto.

A^reduce(hestaffcost

B、optimizecompanysections

C、cutdownthedailyexpenditure

lookforonetimeinjectionofcash

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題干中佬draslicmeasures可定位到第三段。該段采用總一分結(jié)

構(gòu)，其中①句指出報(bào)業(yè)集團(tuán)紛紛采取措施，破折號(hào)之后則是這些措施的具體做

法。緊接著②句點(diǎn)明所有努力都是為了lowerday-to-dayoperatingcosts“降低日常

運(yùn)營(yíng)成本”，故而選C項(xiàng)。

4>1(canbeinferredfromParagraph4that.

Astraditionalistsarestronglyagainstthesalesofnewspapers'buildings

B、thedestructionofnewspapers'buildingsisactuallycreative

C、thetradingofbuildingscanincreasetheurbanrevenue

D、moneyflowsarcrunningquicklyfromsuburbstobigcities

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題干可直接定位到第四段。該段⑥⑦句雙引號(hào)中提到米勒的意

見：becauseitdrivesmoretaxrevenuetothecities,即地產(chǎn)買賣可以為城市帶來更多

的稅收，也就是增加了城市收入，故C項(xiàng)正確。

5、Theauthor'sattitudetowardthebuilding-salesis.

A、negative

B、positive

C>neutral

D^indifferent

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題考杳作者對(duì)出售辦公樓的態(tài)度。一般來說，作者會(huì)在字里行間透

露自己的想法，并在一些關(guān)鍵顯眼處重申或加強(qiáng)自己的觀點(diǎn)，尤其是結(jié)尾處。全文

最后一句很明顯是作者的想法，他認(rèn)為售樓至少能為報(bào)業(yè)爭(zhēng)取到寶貴的時(shí)間，由此

選B項(xiàng)。同時(shí)，在文章第四段作者的觀點(diǎn)也得到鮮明表達(dá)一他認(rèn)為可以將此稱

作“創(chuàng)造性的破壞”或是“適應(yīng)性再利用“，從這些詞匯中所含有的積極語義也能判斷

出作者持肯定的態(tài)度。

Twoofthemostcommonrumorsaboutimmigrantfamiliesarethattheydon'treallywant

tobecomeAmericanandthatthey'readragontherestofus.ButafascinatingnewPew

reportgiveslietobothfears.Intheprocess,itremindsuswhyimmigrationmatters.The

studyshowsfirstofallthatAmericanizationisproceedingasinevitablynowasduring

previousgreatwavesofmigration.Yes,today'simmigrantsareHispanicandAsianrather

thanEuropean.Butthathasnotmadeadifference.Today's20millionadultsonsand

daughtersofimmigrantshavelearnedEnglish,advancedeconomically,andintermarried

farmore(hantheirparentsdidandnomoreslowlythantheItaliansorIrishorPolesdida

centuryago.Nearlysixin(en-almostdoublethepercentageoftheirparents-consider

(hemselves"typicalAmericans."Asfbrwhetherimmigrantfamiliesareadragonsociety,

(hefactsareclear.Second-generationAmericans—thechildrenofimmigrants—arenot

justdoingbetterthanIheirparents.Theireducalionalattainmentandincomeareactually

abovethenationalaverage.Theyarecontributors.Ifanything,asotherresearchhas

shown,itisAmericathatcanbeharmfultoimmigrantfamilies:obesityandcriminality

increasefromthefirsttothesecondgeneration.Sothequestionshouldnotbehowto

keepnewcomersfromdilutingAmericabuthowtokeepAmericafromdilutingthe

newcomers.Thispresentsachallengetobothnative-bornAmericansandtoday's

immigrants.ThePewreportrotesthatAmericanswhoarcofforeignbirthorparentage,

so-called"immigrantstock,"willconstitutearecord37%ofthepopulationby2050.This

frightensmanywhiteAmericanstothecore,especiallythosewhoareolderandlivein

communitiesonlyrecentlytouchedbyimmigration.Butfortoday's"immigrantstock,"

(hismomentcreatesanopportunity.Immigrantsofearliercenturiesprovedthatevery

kindofEuropeancouldbecomesimplywhile;today'simmigrantsprovethateverykind

ofhumancanbecomesimplyAmerican.Butthismeansencouragingthem(ostrivenot

onlyfortheirownfamiliesbutalsoforthenation,throughserviceandcivicparticipation.

Weshouldbearinmindthatwhetherwearenative-bornornewcomer,ourtasknow,

then,istoapplyanimmigrantsingenuity,optimism,andperseverancetothesystematic

expansionofopportunityinAmerica,Todothat,ashistoryshowsandrecentstudies

confirm,it'llhelptohavemoreimmigrantsaround.

6、ThenewPewreporthasfoundthat.

A、thetworumorsaboutimmigrationarcuntrue

B、theimmigrationmattersshouldbeaddressed

C、HispanicandAsianimmigrantsdonothelpAmerica

D、Almostallimmigrantshaveastrongsenseofbelonging

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A、、、

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：作者先是否定了兩個(gè)關(guān)于移民的謠言，接者論證移民不僅沒有阻礙美

國(guó)社會(huì)的發(fā)展，反而為美國(guó)社會(huì)作出了貢獻(xiàn)，最后更提出要運(yùn)用移民的創(chuàng)造性、樂

觀態(tài)度和堅(jiān)韌不拔的精神來系統(tǒng)地為美國(guó)社會(huì)創(chuàng)造更多的機(jī)會(huì)，指出美國(guó)需要更多

的移民，由此可以推斷出作者是支持移民的，D項(xiàng)正確。

Brothersandsistersfight,butwhenthebickeringevolvesintophysicaloremotional

abuse,it'sbullying.Ordinaryargumentsovertoysandwhogetsthefrontseatareone

thing,butarecentstudyfromresearchersattheUniversityofNewHampshirereports

thataggressionbetweensiblingscanescalateintobullying,andthatyoungvictimscanbe

harmedinthesamewayasthosewhoarcthreatenedbypeersontheplayground.Infact,

thestudyauthorssay,beingbulliedbyabrotherorsisterwaslinkedtoworsemental-

healthoutcomestorkidsandadolescents,similartothoseassociatedwithbeingbullied

hyunrelatedkidsintheschoolyard.Thenewstudy,publishedinthejournalPediatrics,

involvedthousandsofchildrenandadolescentsthroughouttheU.S.andfoundthatthose

whowerephysicallyassaulted,hadtheirtoysstolenorbrokenorenduredemotional

abusethatmadethemfeelfrightenedorunwantedbytheirsiblinghadhigherlevelsof

depression,angerandanxietythan(hosewithouttheseexperiences.Inordertostudyany

differencesbetweentheeffectsofsiblingbullyingandthoseofbeingthreatenedbyan

unrelatedbully,theresearcherscomparedtheeffectsofaggressivebehaviors,suchas

physicalviolence,breakingortakingtoysorbelongings,andabuse,likename-callingor

mocking,originatingfromsiblingswiththosecomingfromchildren'sunrelatedpeers.

Theyconcludedthatasfarasmental-healtheffectsareconcerned,therelationshipthat

thevicliinshadwillillicirbulliesdidn'tseemloinallcr.Thefindingsshowedthatsibling

bullyinghadthesameassociationwithincreasedanxiety,depressionandtraumaaspeer

aggression.That'saneyc-opcningresultsincemostparents—nottomentionthepublic

haveahighertoleranceforfightingandeventhreateningbehavioramongsiblingsthan

theydoforothersocialrelationships.Siblingfightingisoftendismissed,seenas

somethingthat'snormalorharmless.Someparentseventhinkit'sbeneficial,astraining

fbrdealingwithconflictandaggressioninotherrelationships.Butwhendoes(hatnormal

quarrelingevolveintosomethingmore?Parentsmayunknowinglyplayarolein

escalatingsomesiblingfightingintoabuse,JohnV.Caffaro,aclinicalpsychologistand

co-auihorofSiblingAbuseTrauma,toldtheNewYorkTimes.Ifparentsallowchildren

tocontinuouslyfightandconfronteachotherinaggressivewayswithoutintervening,or

iftheyplayfavoritesandlabelchildrenas"thesmartone"orthe"thequietone,"that

mayleadtomoreunhealthycompetitivenessbetweensiblingsthatdevelopsintoabuse.

Caffarosaidthatsinceviolencebetweensiblingsisoneofthemostcommontypesof

familialviolence,aggressionwiththeintenttophysicalhurtorhumiliateabrotheror

sistershouldbetakenseriously,andquashed.

11、Theword"bickering"(Line1,Para.1)isclosestinmeaningto.

A^beating

B、hitting

C、fighting

D、bullying

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題干可直接定位到第一段①句。bickering之前用定冠詞the修

飾，說明上文提到過這個(gè)詞，也就是開篇第一句前半句Brothersandsistersfight”兄

弟姐妹會(huì)爭(zhēng)吵”中的Eght“爭(zhēng)吵”，故選C項(xiàng)。

12、ThenewstudypublishedinPediatricsshowsthat.

A^thousandsofchildrenandadolescentsin(heUSarebulliedyearly

B、theoutcomeofbeingbulliedbysiblingsisworsethanthatbypeers

C、kidsbulliedbytheirsiblingsaremoredepressedthanthosewhoarenot

D、beingbulliedbysiblingsisexactlythesameasbeingbulliedbyothers

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析；根據(jù)題干中的Pediatrics(《兒科》)這本雜志，可以迅速定位到第三

段。該段指出，新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些身體受攻擊……的小孩，與那些沒有這種遭遇的

小孩相比，表現(xiàn)得更加沮喪、憤怒和焦慮。由此可以看出，受到欺凌的小孩比其他

沒有此類經(jīng)歷的人要更加抑郁，故選C項(xiàng)。

13、Aftercomparing(heeffects,theresearchersfoundthat.

A、siblingbullyingisasharmfulaspeeraggression

B、siblingbullyingisactuallynotamattertoworryabout

C、siblingbullyingismoreharmfulthanpeeraggression

D、siblingbullyingiscloselyrelatedtopeeraggression

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)上解析：根據(jù)題干的comparingtheeffects定位到第四段。該段②③句表明同

胞欺凌和同伴欺凌一樣都會(huì)造成創(chuàng)傷(hadthesameassociationwith...)。A項(xiàng)的

harmful意為“有害的”，A項(xiàng)與文意一致，故為答案。

14、Itcanbelearnedthatsomeparentsactually.

A^aremoretolerantthanthepublicforsiblingfighting

B、regardbullyinginthefamilyassomethingharmful

C、thinkthatbullyingcanhelptheirchildreninaway

D^arcfondofplayingfavoritesandlabelingchildren

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c-

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：通讀全文可以發(fā)現(xiàn)parents“家長(zhǎng)”的觀點(diǎn)在第五段。該段③句提到，

有些家長(zhǎng)認(rèn)為小孩爭(zhēng)吵是有益的，可以訓(xùn)練孩子處理矛盾的能力。C項(xiàng)的help是

文中beneficial的同義改寫，故C項(xiàng)為答案。

15、Caffarowouldmostprobablyagreethat.

A、parentsareresponsibleformostbullyinginthefamily

B、siblingbullyingismorethancommoninUSfamilies

C、parentsshouldconsciouslyencouragesiblingfighting

D、siblingbullyingneedsproperinterventionfromparents

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：Caffaro這個(gè)名字出現(xiàn)在最后一段。該段④句提到Caffaro的觀點(diǎn)”刈

于他們之間的故意身體攻擊、傷害或羞辱應(yīng)該嚴(yán)肅對(duì)待并及時(shí)制止“。也就是說家

長(zhǎng)應(yīng)該對(duì)待同胞欺凌給予適當(dāng)?shù)母深A(yù)，選D項(xiàng)。

TransatlanticfrictionbetweencompaniesandregulatorshasgrownasEurope'sdata

guardianshavebecomemoreassertive.FrancescaBignarni,aprofessoratGeorge

WashingtonUniversity'slawschool,says(hattheexplosionofdigitaltechnologieshas

madeitimpossibleforwatchdogstokeepacloseeyeonever/webcompanyoperatingin

(heirbackyard.Soinsteadtheyarerelyingmoreonscapegoatingprominentwrongdoers

inthehopethatthiswilldeterothers.ButregulatorssuchasPeterSchaar,whoheads

Germany'sfederaldala-protectionagency,say(hegulfisexaggerated.SomeEuropean

countries,hepointsou(,nowhaverulesiha(makecompanieswhosufferbiglossesof

customerdatatoreporttheseto(heauthorities.Theinspirationforthesemeasurescomes

fromAmerica.YetevenMr.Schaaradmitsthattheinternet'sglobalscalemeansthat

therewillneedtobechangesonbothsidesoftheAtlantic.HehintsthatEuropemight

adoptamoreflexibleregulatorystanceifAmericaweretocreatewhatamountstoan

independentdata-protectionbodyalongEuropeanlines.InEurope,wheretheflagship

DataProtectionDirectivecameintoeffectin1995,theEuropeanCommissionis

conductingareviewofitsprivacypolicies.InAmericaCongresshasbegundebatinga

newprivacybillandtheFederalTradeCommissionisconsideringanoverhaulofits

rules.EvenifAmericaandEuropedonarrowtheirdifferences,internetfirmswillstill

havetostrugglewithotherdatawatchdogs.InAsiacountriesthatbelongtoAPECare

tryingtodevelopasetofregionalguidelinesfbrprivacyrulesunderaninitiativeknown

astheDataPrivacyPathfinder.SomecountriessuchasAustraliaandNewZealandhave

longstandingprivacylaws,butmanyemergingnationshaveyettorolloutfullyfledged

versionsoftheirown.Mr.PolonetskyseesAsiaas"anewprivacybattleground",with

AmericaandEuropebothkeentotemptcountriestowardstheirownregulatorymodel.

Canadaalreadyhassomethingofahybridprivacyregime,whichmayexplainwhyits

data-protectioncommissioner,JenniferStoddart,hasbeensoinfluentialonthe

internationalstage.ShemarshaledthesignatoriesoftheGoogleBuzzletterandtook

FacebooktotasklastyearforbreachingCanada'sdataprivacylaws,whichledthe

companytochangeitspolicies.MsStoddartarguesthatAmericancompaniesoftentrip

upondata-privacyissuesbecauseof"theirbrimmingoptimismthatthewholeworld

wantswhattheyhaverolledourinAmerica."Yetthesameoptimismhashelpedtocreate

globalcompaniesthathavebroughthugebenefitstoconsumers,whilealsopresenting

privacyregulatorswithtoughchoices.Shoehorningsuchfirmsintooldprivacy

frameworkswillnotbenefiteitherthemortheirusers.

16、AccordingtoParagraph1,webwatchdogs.

A^arefacedwithtoughchoicestoregulatewebcompanies

B、keepacloseeyeoneveryInternetcompany

C、scapegoatfamouscompaniestokeepothersinalarm

D、reportlossesofcustomerdatatotheauthorities

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題干可直接定位到第一段。該段②③句談到由于數(shù)字技術(shù)的迅

猛發(fā)展，監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)已經(jīng)無法盯緊在其后院運(yùn)作的每家網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司，而只能選擇

scapegoatingprominentwrongdoers“把犯了錯(cuò)的著名公司當(dāng)替罪羊”來震懾其他公

司，C項(xiàng)與之吻合，故為答案。

17、The"gulf(line1,Para,2)