考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷564

考研英語(閱讀)模擬試卷564

一、閱讀(補(bǔ)全短文)(本題共20題，每題7.0分，共

20分。)

Haveyoueverconsideredwhatmakesagoodbossgood?Theanswertothatquestionis

admittedlymercurial,asoneperson'sviewofatop-notchemployerwilldifferfrom

somebodyelse's.However,thereareanumberoftraits,attitudesandabilitiesthatare

commontoallgoodbosses.Moreover,theneedforsolidleadershipskillsisespecially

tellingwithsmallerbusinesses."Beingagoodbossisimportantinanyorganization,but

it'sparticularlyimportantforsmallbusiness,"saysRobSheehan,directorofexecutive

educationattheJamesMacGregorBurnsAcademyofLeadershipattheUniversityof

Maryland."Withsmallerbusinesses,youreallyhavetheopportunitytosetthetonefbr

theentirecompany."Bearinginmindtheimportanceofgoodleadershiptobusiness,

considertheFollowinglineupofskills,strategiesandattributes:(1)Beinclusive:Witha

smalleroperation,il'sessentialthateveryonefeelslikeanequalandinvolvedpartofthe

team.Agoodemployeriscertaintotreateachemployeefairly,notonlyintermsof

salaryandotherformsofcompensation,butalsoinhowthatemployeeisinvolvedinthe

dailyfunctionofthebusiness.Encouragefeedback,innovationandcreativityso

employeesfeelgenuinelyengaged.(2)Mission,notjustmoney:Veryfewbusinesses

operateoutofsheeraltruism,butthat*snottosaythatturningaprofitistheprimary

philosophicalandpracticalfocus.Rather,aneffectivebossestablishesagenuinebusiness

mission.Howthattakesshapedependsbothonthebusinessandontheoverridingfocus

thebosswantstoset.(3)Nothingtofearbutfearitself;Manyofushavehadbosseswho

wouldberightathomewithaknifenexttotheirdeskcalendars.Makeonemistakeon

thejobandfeelfreetoslipyourheadrightinbeneaththeblade.Conversely,aneffective

bossencourageshisorheremployeesnottobegunshyaboutoccasionalchaosalongthe

roadtowardbetterjobperformance.(4)It'stheircareers,too:Don'tforgetthatthepeople

whoworkforyouarclookingtoyoutohelpthemnavigateandadvancetheircareers.As

1said,it'snotallaboutmoney.Butitisallaboutmakingyouremployeesseehowto

improveandcreatemeaningfulcareersIbrthemselves.⑸Made,notnecessarilyborn:

Onefinalaspectofbeingagoodbossisrecognizingthatmuchofwhatgoesintobeingan

effectiveleaderis,infact,learnedbehavior.Ofcourse,therealwayshavebeenandv/ill

bebosseswhoseemtohaveaflawlesstouchinleadingandmotivating.Butforevery

natural,therearejustasmanytop-flightbosseswhogotthatwaybyattending

managementclassesandseminars,readingbooksoneffectiveleadershipand,justas

important,understandingthatagoodemployernaturallyattractsfirst-rateemployees.

|A「Il'simportanttousethatdifferentperspectivetoeducateandencourage.Butit's

alsoimportant,likeagoodcoach,toleadyourteambyexample.Forinstance,whileyou

shouldpointoutmistakesbyyouremployees,besuretoadmitwhenyouyourselfmakea

mistake,"saysSheehan.[B]"Youneedtocreateanenvironmentofintegrity,trustand

respecttomakeabsolutelycertainthateveryoneistreatedfairly,regardlessofthe

differencestheymayhave,"saysSheehan.[C]"Pcoplecandefinitelydevelopgood

leadershipcapabilities,"saysSheehan."Toacertaindegree,weallhaveinnatetraitsthat

makeusgoodbosses.Allyoureallyhavetodoisworktodevelopthosetraitstotheir

utmost.*'[D]Ifanemployeehasagoalofbecomingamanagerorrunninghisorherown

businesssomeday,nurturethatgoal.Tellthemthetraitstheyneedtoworkontoachieve

theirultimateplans.[E]Forinstance,arestaurantownermaypushspeedylunchtime

serviceasawayofservingthetime-strappedbusinesscommunity.Bycontrast,amedical

supplyoutfitmayemphasizehowitsproductsimprovecustomers'health.Notonlycana

clearmission(rcsponsibility)servctomotivateemployees,itcanalsoinfuseasenseof

importanceintheirjobs.|F|"Thisrequiresamentalitythatencourageslearningrather

thanbeingafraidofmakingamistake.Trysomethingnewanddifferent,butknowwe're

notgoingtokilleachotherifthingsdon'tworkout,"saysSheehan."Iwasaswimmerin

collegeandIswamfastwhenIimaginedasharkwasafterme.1swamjustasfastwhenI

imaginedIwasintheOlympics.It'saquestionofwhatyouwanttofocuson."

1、

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：首先要瀏覽選項(xiàng)，概括大意。A：要像一個(gè)教練一樣教育你的員工，

舉出實(shí)例來說服他。B：要確保每一位員工都得到公正的待遇。C：我們都有成為

好老板的內(nèi)在品質(zhì)，關(guān)健是要將它們發(fā)揮到極致。D：幫助員工實(shí)現(xiàn)他們自己的事

業(yè)目標(biāo)。E：明確的職責(zé)有利于激發(fā)員工的積極性。F：要鼓勵(lì)進(jìn)步而非恐懼犯

錯(cuò)。此處的標(biāo)題是“Beinclusive“，顯然，僅從標(biāo)題無法判斷出作者究竟耍表達(dá)什

么含義。因此，需要繼續(xù)閱讀下文的論述部分。第四段的首句是主題句：老板要讓

每個(gè)員工都覺得自己是團(tuán)隊(duì)平等而投入的成員，后面部分具體說明方式是什么。

其中treateachemployeefairly和B項(xiàng)中的everyoneistreatedfairly相呼應(yīng)。因此B

項(xiàng)正是讓員工平等而投入的方式。從而可知inclusive在這指的是(心胸)包容而廣

闊。

2、

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識點(diǎn)解析：此處標(biāo)題是“使命而非金錢第五段首句就money展開論述，指

出：企業(yè)的首要目標(biāo)不是賺錢。接下來的兩句話則就mission展開論述，指出：企

業(yè)使命的形成也取決于老板設(shè)定的最重要的目標(biāo)。至此，木段主要強(qiáng)調(diào)了mission

的重要性，但沒有具體說明它指的是什么。E項(xiàng)以餐飲和醫(yī)療器材為例說明了不

同企業(yè)的不同使命，為正確選項(xiàng)。其中responsibility是mission的近義詞。

3、

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F

知識點(diǎn)解析；此處標(biāo)題中的關(guān)鍵詞是fear。第六段先將兩種老板進(jìn)行了比較，一種

老板不允許員工犯錯(cuò)，另一種鼓勵(lì)員工不要害怕犯錯(cuò)。F項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)了beingafraidof

的同義表達(dá)，該項(xiàng)中席崎以游泳為例說明，不要讓恐懼而要讓鼓勵(lì)來敦促人前

進(jìn)。這個(gè)內(nèi)容顯然和前面提到的兩類老板的內(nèi)容相吻合。

4、

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：此處標(biāo)題是“這也是他們的事業(yè)“，聯(lián)系全文主旨可知代詞their指的

是“員工的"，careers是這個(gè)標(biāo)題中的關(guān)鍵詞。第七段對標(biāo)題內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了闡釋：要幫

助員工明白如何為自己改善和創(chuàng)造有意義的事業(yè)。D項(xiàng)以一名員工為例，說明老

板應(yīng)該幫助員工實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的目標(biāo)，其中agoalofbecomingamanagerorrunninghis

orherownbusiness與careers呼應(yīng)。

5、

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：此處標(biāo)題是'、后天的，不一定是天生的第八段首句對made一詞進(jìn)

行了闡釋：成為一位好的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者是一種后天學(xué)習(xí)的行為(learnedbehavior)o接下來

該段乂列舉了多種后天學(xué)習(xí)的方法：參加課程和研討會，閱讀書籍等。C項(xiàng)中席

翰的一番話是對標(biāo)題內(nèi)容的論述：我們都有成為好老板的內(nèi)在品質(zhì)，關(guān)鍵是要(后

天)挖掘它。其中innaletraits與標(biāo)題中的bom相對應(yīng)。

Haveyoueverconsideredwhatmakesagoodbossgood?Theanswertothatquestionis

admittedlymercurial,asoneperson'sviewofatop-notchemployerwilldifferfrom

somebodyelse's.However,thereareanumberoftraits,attitudesandabilitiesthatare

commontoallgoodbosses.Moreover,theneedforsolidleadershipskillsisespecially

tellingwithsmallerbusinesses."Beingagoodbossisimportantinanyorganization,but

it'sparticularlyimportantforsmallbusiness,"saysRobSheehan,directorofexecutive

educationattheJamesMacGregorBurnsAcademyofLeadershipattheUniversityof

Maryland."Withsmallerbusinesses,youreallyhavetheopportunitytosetthetonefor

theentirecompany."Bearinginmindtheimportanceofgoodleadershiptobusiness,

considerthefollowinglineupofskills,strategiesandattributes:(l)Beinclusive:Witha

smalleroperation,it'sessentialthateveryonefeelslikeanequalandinvolvedpartofthe

team.Agoodemployeriscertaintotreateachemployeefairly,notonlyintermsof

salaryandotherformsofcompensation,butalsoinhowthatemployeeisinvolvedinthe

dailyfunctionofthebusiness.Encouragefeedback,innovationandcreativityso

employeesfeelgenuinelyengaged.(2)Mission,notjustmoney:Veryfewbusinesses

operateoutofsheeraltruism,butthat,snottosaythatturningaprofitistheprimary

philosophicalandpracticalfocus.Rather,aneffectivebossestablishesagenuinebusiness

mission.Howthattakesshapedependsbothonthebusinessandontheoverridingfocus

thebosswantstoset.(3)Nothingtofearbutfearitself:Manyofushavehadbosseswho

wouldberightathomewithaknifenexttotheirdeskcalendars.Makeonemistakeon

thejobandfeelfreetoslipyourheadrightinbeneaththeblade.Conversely,aneffective

bossencourageshisorheremployeesnottobegunshyaboutoccasionalchaosalongthe

roadtowardbetterjobperformance.(4)1Cstheircareers,too:Don'tforgetthatthepeople

whoworkforyouarelookingtoyoutohelpthemnavigateandadvancetheircareers.As

Isaid,it'snotallaboutmoney.Butitisallaboutmakingyouremployeesseehowto

improveandcreatemeaningfulcareersforthemselves.(5)Made,notnecessarilyborn:

Onefinalaspectofbeingagoodbossisrecognizingthatmuchofwhatgoesintobeingan

effectiveleaderis,infact,learnedbehavior.Ofcourse,therealwayshavebeenandv/ill

bebosseswhoseemtohaveaflawlesstouchinleadingandmotivating.Butforevery

natural,therearejustasmanytop-flightbosseswhogotthatwaybyattending

managementclassesandseminars,readingbooksoneffectiveleadershipand,justas

important,understandingthatagoodemployernaturallyattractsfirst-rateemployees.

|A「It'simportanttousethatdifferentperspectivetoeducateandencourage.Butitsalso

important,likeagoodcoach,toleadyourteambyexample.Forinstance,whileyou

shouldpointoutmistakesbyyouremployees,besuretoadmitwhenyouyourselfmakea

mistake,"saysSheehan.[B]"Youneedtocreateanenvironmentofintegrity,trustand

respecttomakeabsolutelycertainthateveryoneistreatedfairly,regardlessofthe

differencestheymayhave,"saysSheehan.[C]"Peoplecandefinitelydevelopgood

leadershipcapabilities,"saysSheehan."Toacertaindegree,weallhaveinnatetraitsthat

makeusgoodbosses.Allyoureallyhavetodoisworktodevelopthosetraitstotheir

utmost."|D|Ifanemployeehasagoalofbecomingamanagerorrunninghisorherown

businesssomeday,nurturethatgoal.Tellthemthetrailstheyneedtoworkontoachieve

theirultimateplans.[E]Forinstance,arestaurantownermaypushspeedylunchtime

serviceasawayofservingthetime-strappedbusinesscommunity.Bycontrast,amedical

supplyoutfitmayemphasizehowitsproductsimprovecustomers'health.Notonlycana

clearmission(rcsponsibility)servctomotivateemployees,itcanalsoinfuseasenseof

importanceintheirjobs.|F]"Thisrequiresamentality(hatencourageslearningrather

thanbeingafraidofmakingamistake.Trysomethingnewanddifferent,butknowwe're

notgoingtokilleachotherifthingsdon'tworkout,"saysSheehan."Iwasaswimmerin

collegeandIswamfastwhenIimaginedasharkwasafterme.IswamjustasfastwhenI

imaginedIwasintheOlympics.It*saquestionofwhatyouwanttofocuson."

6、

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：首先要瀏覽選項(xiàng)，概括大意。A：要像一個(gè)教練一樣教育你的員工，

舉出實(shí)例來說服他。B：要確保每一位員工都得到公正的待遇。C：我們都有成為

好老板的內(nèi)在品質(zhì)，關(guān)鍵是要將它們發(fā)揮到極致。D：幫助員工實(shí)現(xiàn)他們自己的事

業(yè)目標(biāo)。E：明確的職責(zé)有利于激發(fā)員工的積極性。F：要鼓勵(lì)進(jìn)步而非恐懼犯

錯(cuò)。此處的標(biāo)題是“Beinclusive”，顯然，僅從標(biāo)題無法判斷出作者究竟要表達(dá)什么

含義。因此，需要繼續(xù)閱讀下文的論述部分。第四段的首句是主題句：老板要讓每

個(gè)員工都覺得自己是團(tuán)隊(duì)平等而投入的成員，后面部分具體說明方式是什么。其中

treateachemployeefairly和B項(xiàng)中的everyoneistreatedfairly相呼應(yīng)。因此B項(xiàng)正

是讓員工平嚓而投入的方式。從而可知inclusive在這指的是(心胸)包容而廣闊。

7、

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識點(diǎn)解析：此處標(biāo)題是“使命而非金錢第五段首句就money展開論述，指

出：企業(yè)的首要目標(biāo)不是賺錢。接下來的兩句話則就mission展開論述，指出：企

業(yè)使命的形成也取決于老板設(shè)定的最重要的目標(biāo)。至此，本段主要強(qiáng)調(diào)了mission

的重要性，但沒有具體說明它指的是什么。E項(xiàng)以餐飲和醫(yī)療器材為例說明了不同

企業(yè)的不同使命，為正確選項(xiàng)。其中responsibility是mission的近義詞。

8、

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F

知識點(diǎn)解析：此處標(biāo)題中的關(guān)鍵詞是fear。第六段先將兩種老板進(jìn)行了比較，一種

老板不允許員工犯錯(cuò)，另一種鼓勵(lì)員工不要害怕犯錯(cuò)。F項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)了beingafraidof

的同義表達(dá)，該項(xiàng)中席瑜以游泳為例說明，不要讓恐懼而要讓鼓勵(lì)來敦促人前進(jìn)。

這個(gè)內(nèi)容顯然和前面提到的兩類老板的內(nèi)容相吻合。

9、

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：此處標(biāo)題是“這也是他們的事業(yè)“，聯(lián)系全文主旨可知代詞Iheir指的

是“員工的"，careers是這個(gè)標(biāo)題中的關(guān)鍵詞。第七段對標(biāo)題內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了闡釋：要幫

助員工明白如何為自己改善對創(chuàng)造有意義的事業(yè)。D項(xiàng)以一名員工為例，說明老板

應(yīng)該幫助員工實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的目標(biāo)，其中agoalofbecomingamanagerOrrunninghisor

herownbusiness與careers呼應(yīng)。

10、

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)》析：此處標(biāo)題是“后天的，不一定是天生的第八段首句對made一詞進(jìn)

行了闡釋：成為一位好的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者是一種后天學(xué)習(xí)的行為(learnedbehavior)。接下來

該段又列舉了多種后天學(xué)習(xí)的方法：參加課程和研討會，閱讀書籍等。C項(xiàng)中席翰

的一番話是對標(biāo)題內(nèi)容的論述：我們都有成為好老板的內(nèi)在品質(zhì)，關(guān)鍵是要(后天)

挖掘它。其中innatetraits與標(biāo)題中的born相對應(yīng)。

Youarcgoingtoreadatextaboutthetipsonhowtobeagoodboss,followedbyalistof

illustrations.ChoosethebestexamplefromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedsubheading

(1-5).Thereisoneextraexamplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.Haveyouever

consideredwhatmakesagoodbossgood?Theanswertothatquestionisadmittedly

mercurial,asoneperson'sviewofatop-notchemployerwilldifferfromsomebodyelse's.

However,thereareanumberoftraits,attitudesandabilitiesthatarecommontoallgood

bosses.Moreover,theneedforsolidleadershipskillsisespeciallytellingwithsmaller

businesses."Beingagoodbossisimportantinanyorganization,butit'sparticularly

importantforsmallbusiness,*'saysRobSheehan,directorofexecutiveeducationatthe

JamesMacGregorBurnsAcademyofLeadershipattheUniversityofMaryland."With

smallerbusinesses,youreallyhavetheopportunitytosetthetonefortheentire

company."Bearinginmindtheimportanceofgoodleadershiptobusiness,considerthe

followinglineupofskills,strategicsandattributes:[Cl]Beinclusive:Withasmaller

operation,it'sessentialthateveryonefeelslikeanequalandinvolvedpartoftheteam.A

goodemployeriscertaintotreateachemployeefairly,notonlyintermsofsalaryand

otherformsofcompensation,butalsoinhowthatemployeeisinvolvedinthedaily

functionofthebusiness.Encouragefeedback,innovationandcreativitysoemployees

feelgenuinelyengaged.[C2]Mission,notjustmoney:Veryfewbusinessesoperate

outofsheeraltruism,butthat'snottosaythatturningaprofitistheprimaryphilosophical

andpracticalfocus.Rather,aneffectivebossestablishesagenuinebusinessmission.

Howthattakesshapedependsbothonthebusinessandontheoverridingfocustheboss

wantstoset.[C3]Nothingtofearbutfearitself:Manyofushavehadbosseswho

wouldberightathomewithaknifenexttotheirdeskcalendars.Makeonemistakeon

thejobandfeelfreetoslipyourheadrightinbeneaththeblade.Conversely,aneffective

bossencourageshisorheremployeesnottobegunshyaboutoccasionalchaosalongthe

roadtowardbetterjobperformance.[C4]It'stheircareers,too:Don'tforgetthatthe

peoplewhoworkforyouarelookingtoyoutohelpthemnavigateandadvancetheir

careers.AsIsaid,it'snotallaboutmoney.Butitisallaboutmakingyouremployeessee

howtoimproveandcreatemeaningfulcareersforthemselves.[C5]Made,not

necessarilyborn:Onefinalaspectofbeingagoodbossisrecognizingthatmuchofwhat

goesintobeinganeffectiveleaderis,infact,learnedbehavior.Ofcourse,therealways

havebeenandwillbebosseswhoseemtohaveaHawlesstouchinleadingand

motivating.Butforeverynatural,therearejustasmanytop-flightbosseswhogotthat

waybyattendingmanagementclassesandseminars,readingbooksoneffective

leadershipand,justasimportant,understandingthatagoodemployernaturallyattracts

first-rateemployees.[A]"It'simportanttousethatdifferentperspectivetoeducateand

encourage.Butit'salsoimportant,likeagoodcoach,toleadyourteambyexample.For

instance,whileyoushouldpointoutmistakesbyyouremployees,besuretoadmitwhen

youyourselfmakeamistake,"saysSheehan.[B]"Youneedtocreateanenvironmentof

integrity,trustandrespecttomakeabsolutelycertainthateveryoneistreatedfairly,

regardlessofthedifferencestheymayhave,"saysSheehan.[C]"Peoplecandefinitely

developgoodleadershipcapabilities,"saysSheehan."Toacertaindegree,weallhave

innatetraitsthatmakeusgoodbosses.Allyoureallyhavetodoisworktodevelopthose

traitstotheirutmost."|DIfanemployeehasagoalofbecomingamanagerorrunning

hisorherownbusinesssomeday,nurturethatgoal.Tellthemthetraitstheyneedtowork

ontoachievetheirultimateplans.[E]Forinstance,arestaurantownermaypushspeedy

lunchtimeserviceasawayofservingthetime-strappedbusinesscommunity.By

contrast,amedicalsupplyoutfitmayemphasizehowitsproductsimprovecustomers'

health.Notonlycanaclearmission(responsibility)servetomotivateemployees,itcan

alsoinfuseasenseofimportanceintheirjobs.[F]"Thisrequiresamentalitythat

encourageslearningratherthanbeingafraidofmakingamistake.Trysomethingnewand

different,butknowwe'renotgoingtokilleachotherifthingsdon'tworkout,"says

Sheehan."IwasaswimmerincollegeandIswamfastwhenIimaginedasharkwasafter

me.IswamjustasfastwhenIimaginedIwasintheOlympics.It'saquestionofwhat

youwanttofocuson."

II、[Cl]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：首先要瀏覽選項(xiàng)，概括大意。A：要像一個(gè)教練一樣教育你的員工，

舉出實(shí)例來說服他。B：要確保每一位員工都得到公正的待遇。C：我們都有成為

好老板的內(nèi)在品質(zhì)，關(guān)鍵是要將它們發(fā)揮到極致。D：幫助員工實(shí)現(xiàn)他們自己的事

業(yè)目標(biāo)。E：明確的職責(zé)有利于激發(fā)員工的積極性。F：要鼓勵(lì)進(jìn)步而非恐懼犯

錯(cuò)。此處的標(biāo)題是“Beinclusive”，顯然，僅從標(biāo)題無法判斷出作者究竟要表達(dá)什么

含義。因此，需要繼續(xù)閱讀下文的論述部分。第四段的首句是主題句：老板要讓每

個(gè)員工都覺得自己是團(tuán)隊(duì)平等而投入的成員，后面部分具體說明方式是什么。其中

treateachemployeefairly和B項(xiàng)中的everyoneistreatedfairly相呼應(yīng)。因此B項(xiàng)正

是讓員工平等而投入的方式。從而可知inclusive在這指的是(心胸)包容而廣闊，

⑵[C2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識點(diǎn)露析：此處標(biāo)題是“使命而非金錢”。第五段首句就money展開論述，指

出：企業(yè)的首要目標(biāo)不是賺錢。接下來的兩句話則就mission展開論述，指出：企

業(yè)使命的形成也取決于老板設(shè)定的最重要的目標(biāo)。至此，本段主要強(qiáng)調(diào)了mission

的重要性，但沒有具體說明它指的是什么。E項(xiàng)以餐飲和醫(yī)療器材為例說明了不同

企業(yè)的不同使命，為正確選項(xiàng)。其中responsibility是mission的近義詞。

13、[C3]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F

知識點(diǎn)解析：此處標(biāo)題中的關(guān)鍵詞是tear。第六段先將兩種老板進(jìn)行了比較，一?種

老板不允許員工犯錯(cuò)，另一種鼓勵(lì)員工不要害怕犯錯(cuò)。F項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)了beingafraidof

的同義表達(dá)，該項(xiàng)中席翰以游泳為例說明，不要讓恐懼而要讓鼓勵(lì)來敦促人前進(jìn)。

這個(gè)內(nèi)容顯然和前面提到的兩類老板的內(nèi)容相吻合。

14、[C4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：此處標(biāo)題是“這也是他們的事業(yè)“，聯(lián)系全文主旨可知代詞their指的

是“員工的"，careers是這個(gè)標(biāo)題中的關(guān)鍵詞。第七段對標(biāo)題內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了闡釋：要幫

助員工明白如何為自己改善和創(chuàng)造有意義的事業(yè).D項(xiàng)以一名員工為例，說明老板

應(yīng)該幫助員工實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的口標(biāo)，其中agoalofbecomingamanagerorrunninghisor

herownbusiness與careers呼應(yīng)。

15、[C5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：此處標(biāo)題是“后天的，不一定是天生的第八段首句對made一詞進(jìn)

行了闡釋：成為一位好的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者是一種后天學(xué)習(xí)的行為(leamedbehavior)。接下來

該段又列舉了多種后天學(xué)習(xí)的方法：參加課程和研討會，閱讀書籍等。C項(xiàng)中席翰

的一番話是對標(biāo)題內(nèi)容的論述：我們都有成為好老板的內(nèi)在品質(zhì)，關(guān)鍵是要(后天)

挖掘它。其中innatetraits與標(biāo)題中的born相對應(yīng)。

[C1].Thatfactthatanairplaneisupintheairandcannotstopifanythinggoes

wrongmakesitperhapsamatteroflifeordeaththatitsperformanceisabsolutely

dependable.[C2].Outofthatweightasmuchaspossibleiswantedforfuel,

radioinstruments,passengerseatsorfreightroom,and.ofcourse,thepassengersor

freightthemselves.Sothestructureoftheaircrafthastobeassmallandlightassafety

andefficiencywillallow.Thedesignermustcalculatethenormalloadthateachpartwill

bear.Thisspecialistiscalledthe"stressman".Hetakesaccountofanyunusualstressthat

maybeputonthepartasaprecautionagainsterrorsinmanufacture,accidentaldamage,

etc.Thisstressman'scalculationsgotothedesignerofthepart,andhemustmakeitas

strongasthestressmansays.Oneortwosamplesarealwaystestedtoprovethattheyare

asstrongasthedesignerintended.Eachseparatepartistested,thenawholeassembly一

forexample,acompletewing,andfinallythewholeairplane.Whenanewtypeof

airplaneisbeingmade,normallyonlyoneofthefirstthreemadewillbeflown.Twowill

bedestroyedonthegroundinstructuraltests.Thethirdwillbetestedintheair.[C3]

.Thefirstistofindtheresistancetoloadingofthewings,tail,etc.untilthey

reachtheirmaximumloadandcollapse.Theothertestisforfatiguestrength.Relatively

smallloadsareappliedthousandsoftimes.Eachmaybewellunderwhatthestructure

couldstandasasingleload,butmanyrepetitionscanresultincollapse.Oneformofthis

testisdoneonthepassengercabin.Itisfilledwithairathighpressureasfor