考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷335

考研英語(閱讀)模擬試卷335

一、閱讀(常規(guī)閱讀理解)(本題共2。題，每題

分,共20分。)

Youmaynotknowit(olookat(hem,buturbanplannersarehumanandhavedreams.

OnedreammanyshareisihaiAmericanswillgiveupiheirloveaffairwithsuburban

sprawlandwillrediscoverdenser,moreenvironmentallyfriendly,lessauto-dependent

waysofliving.Thosedreamshavebeenarousedoverthepastfewmonths.Theeconomic

crisishasdevastatedthefast-growingdevelopmentsonthefarsuburbanfringe.

Americansnowtastethebitterfruitoftheiroverconsumption.Thetimehasfinallycome,

somewritersarepredicting,v/henAmericanswillfinallyrepent.They'11moveback10

theurbancore.Theywillridemorebicycles,havesmallerhomesandtinierfridgesand

rediscoverthejoysofdensecommunity——andmaybeevensuperiorbeer.Americawill,

inshort,finallybegintolookalittlemorelikeAmsterdam.Well,Amsterdamisa

wonderfulcity,butAmericansneverseemtowanttolivethere.Andevennow,inthis

momentofchasteningpain,theydon'tseemtowanttheDutchoption.ThePewResearch

CenterjustfinishedastudyaboutwhereAmericanswouldliketoliveandwhatsortof

lifestyletheywouldliketohave.Thefirstthingtheyfoundisthatevenindarktimes,

Americansarestilllookingoverthenexthorizon.Nearlyhalfofthosesurveyedsaidthey

wouldratherliveinadifferenttypeofcommunilyfromtheonetheyarelivinginal

present.IfyoujumbletogetherthefivemostpopularAmericanmetroareas—Denver,

SanDiego,Seattle,OrlandoandTampa一yougetanimageoftheAmericanDreamcirca

2009.Theseareplaceswhereyoucanimagineyourselfwithastuffedgarage—filledwith

skis,kayaks,soccerequipment,hikingbootsandboatingequipment.Theseareplaces

youcanimagineyourselfleadinganactiveoutdoorlifestyle.Theyofferthedream,so

characteristiconthiscontinent,ofhavingitall:themachineandthegarden.Thewide-

openspaceandthecasualwardrobes.ThefolksatPewaskedoneotherinteresting

question:WouldyouratherliveinacommunitywithaMcDonald'soraStarbucks?

McDonald'swon,ofcourse,butbyasurprisinglysmallmargin:43percentto35percent.

Andthat,too.capturestheincorrigiblenatureofAmericanculture,acultureslowly

refiningitselfthroughespressobutstillinlovewiththedrive-thru.Theresultsmaynot

satisfy(hosewhodreamofHolland,but(here'soneotherimpressiveresultfrom(hePew

survey.Americansmaybegloomyandafraid,but(heystillhaveaclearvisionofthe

goodlife.That'sonecommodityneverinshortsupply.

1、ManyurbanplannersdreamthatAmericanpeoplewill.

A^reduceunnecessaryconsumptionandwaste

B、havelessstrongdesiretoliveinthesuburbs

C、leadamorehealthyandextravagantlifestyle

D、enjoyinuieenviionincntallyfiicudlylifestyle

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第一段中的“Onedream...isthatAmericanswillgiveuptheirlove

affairwithsuburbansprawl...B應(yīng)為答案。

2、Americanswillberegretfulfor.

A^(heextravagantwaysoflivinginthesuburbs

B、thefast-growingdevelopmentsinthesuburbs

C、thedevastationcausedbytheeconomiccrisis

D、whattheyhavedoneoverthepastfewmonths

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析；根據(jù)第二段中的“Theeconomiccrisishasdevastated...onthefar

suburbanfringe.Amcricansnovvtastethebitterfruitoftheiroverconsumption”和第三

段中的“Thetimehasfinallycome...whenAmericanswillfinallyrepent.They'llmove

backtotheurbancore”上下文，A應(yīng)為答案。

3、Itisimpliedinthetext(hatpeopleinAmsterdam.

A、particularlyaspiretoAmericanwaysofliving

B、escapedthechasteningpainineconomiccrisis

C、cherishtheirwonderfullifeinasmallurbanarea

D、liveanunbanlifelessdependantonautomobiles

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第三段中的"They'llmovebacktotheurbancore.Theywillride

morebicycles,havesmallcrhomes…”和第四段"Americawill,inshort,finallybegin

tolookalittlemorelikeAmsterdam”上下文，D應(yīng)為答案。

4、AmericansareunwillingtoliveliketheDutchbecausethey.

A^loveactivewaysoflivinginnaturalenvironment

B、nevergiveuptheirrosydreamsevenindarktimes

C、liketoliveinplaceswithstrongculturalidentities

D^havealwayshadvisionsofamoreperfectresidence

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第七段中的“Theseareplacesyoucanimagineyourselfleadingan

activeoutdoorlifbstylc”和第八段中的"Theyofferthedrcam...thegarden.Thevvidc-

openspace…''上下文，A應(yīng)為答案。

5、ItcanbeinferredfromthePewstudythatAmericans.

A、feeloptimisticabouttheoutlookofeconomy

B、knowclearlywhatagoodlifemeanstothem

C、arealwaysinpursuitofhigherqualityoflife

D、wouldratherhaveMcDonald'sthanStarbucks

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第六段U-的“Thefirstthingtheyfoundisthatevenindarktimes,

Americansarestilllookingoverthenexthorizon”和第十段中的“Americansmaybe

gloomyandafraid,buttheystillhaveaclearvisionofthegoodlife.That'sone

commodityneverinshortsupply”上下文，C應(yīng)為答案。

TheUnitedStatesisnottheenergyhogitoncewas.Efficiencygainsareoftenmeasured

intermsof"energyintensity,"whichistheamountofenergyconsumedperunitofgross

domesticproduct.Sincetheenergycrisisoftheearly1970s,U.S.energyintensityhas

declinedbyanaverageof2.1%ayear.That'spartlybecauseofaneconomicshift,witha

lotoffactoriesclosingormovingoverseas.Butmostlyit'sbecauseofgreaterefficiency

inareassuchasappliancesandbuildingstandards,aswellasfueleconomystandardsfor

cars.Still,therestofthecountryhasbeenveryslowtoembraceefficiencymeasures

comparedwithCalifornia.Ourswasthefirststatetoimplementefficiencystandardsfor

appliancesandbuildings,anditstillhasthetoughestinthenation.California'szealfor

creativeenergypolicyhasn'talwayspaidoffforitsresidents;itsdisastrousexperiment

withderegulationinthelate1990sledtorollingblackoutsandpricegouging.Buiits

efficiencymeasureshavebeenaboon.ThetypicalAmericanuses12,000kilowatt-hours

ofelectricityayear,while(hetypicalCalifornianusesless(han7.000.Thestatehasa

varietyofregulatoryschemesencouragingutilitiestoconservepowerandinvestin

efficiency,butthemostimportantisaconceptcalled"decoupling".Inmoststates,the

morepowerutilitiessell,themoremoneytheymake,sotheyhavenoincentiveto

encourageconservation.InCalifornia,annualtargetsaresetforutilityrevenuesand

electricityuse.Ifmoreinoiic)'thanexpectedconicsinfromhighsales,theexcessis

refundedtoconsumers;ifthere'sashortfall,theutilityisallowedtochargemorethe

followingyear.Decouplinghasspreadtoahandfulofstates,buttoofew.Thefederal

governmentshouldencouragemorebyrequiringstatestostudytheissue.Californiais

acceleratingitseffortstowringmoresavingsoutofitsutilities,andgreaterenergy

efficiencyisexpectedtocontribute17%towardthestate'sgoalofcuttingitscarbon

emissionsto1990levelsby2020.Atthefederallevel,legislationispendingthatcould

dramaticallylowercarbonerr.issionsandpoweruse.BothhousesofCongresshave

approvedenergybills,butmanyofthebestenergy-efficiencymeasureswerepassedby

onlyonehouse.So,forexample,theSenatebillcallsforthefirstboostinfueleconomy

standardsintwodecades,whiletheHouseversionsaysnothingaboutvehiclemileage.

TheHousebill,meanwhile,requiresmoreenergy-efficientlightbulbsandsetsstrong

nationaltargetsforreducingpowerconsumptioninbuildings,whiletheSenate'sdoesn't.

Thetwochambersarenowworkingtoreconciletheirbills,andthefutureofboththe

economyandtheenvironmenthingesonnegotiatorsmakingtherightchoiceson

efficiency.

6、TherapiddeclineofU.S.energyintensityindicates(hat.

A、therehavebeentremendousefficiencygains

B、theeconomicshiftisundoubtedlysuccessful

C、perunitofGDPconsumesmuchlessenergy

D、moreefficientapplianceshavebeencreated

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

Itseemslikelythatmostpeoplewhotrytoevaluatetheintelligenceofanimalsare

probahlymeasuringthewrongthings!Yes,thereisgreatimportanceinthefactthat

parrotsandparakeetscanoftenquicklylearntocopysoundstlieyhear.Similarly,most

dogscanbeconditionedtobehaveinspecificwaysoncommand.Thesearccertainly

aspectswhichshownativeintelligence.ButIbelievethatitisimportanttoplacehigher

standardsonwhatisexpected.HereisanexampleofwhatIconsidertobefarclearer

evidenceofthenativeintelligenceofonespecificdog.Asapuppy,adogofminewas

frightenedbyaveryloudsound,thefiringofashotgunjustacouplefeetawayfromher.

Asaresult,Deimosalwayshatedloudsoundsthroughoutherlife.Even(houghshewasa

huntingdog(aRedboneCoonhound)shegrewupbeingveryspoiledandsomewhatofa

sissy,alwaysexpectingtobecovereduptosleepinherdogbed.Earlyinherlife,Ihad

noticedthatwhenshesawtheflashoflightning,shewouldinvariablyruntoherdogbed

andstart(oshiver.Ieventuallyrealizedthatshewantednotonlytobecovered,butto

haveherheadcoveredaswell.Atthetime,Ididnotunderstandtheimplicationsofthat,

buttherewaseveryappearancethatshewasfrightenedoftheflashoflightning.Itwas

onlyafterwatchingthishappenmanytimesthat1finallyrealizedthatshehadsomehow

figuredouttherelationshipbetweenlightningandthunder!Whenshewouldseethe

brightflash,shehadfiguredoutthatafewsecondslater,therewouldbealoudboom!So

itwasnotthebrightflashatallthatshewasafraidof,butthethunderthatsheknew

wouldsoonfollow.Thatisamazinganalyticalthinking!Howcouldadogdiscoversucha

relationship?Itactuallyhadsomehumoroussideeffects!Wheneveraflashcamerawas

usedtotakeaphotoofanyone,shewouldimmediatelyruntoherbedandstartshivering!

1wouldwonderifshewasconfusedastowhytherewasnosoundofthunderthen!This

exampleshowsacombinationofgoodobservationandgoodlogicinananalysisand(hen

inarrivingalareliableconclusion.Thatisprettyclosetowhatisconsideredthe

ScientificMethodofinvestigation!Thalisquitedifferentfromananimalsimplylearning

tocopysomesoundorbehavior,or(oreinforceaspecificbehaviorbasedontreatsor

praisetraining.

11、Theauthorsuggeststhatparrots

A^areasintelligentaslovelychildren

B、arehardly(hemostintelligentanimal

C^haveimpressivecommunicationskills

D、areabletoansweranyquestionsweask

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：第一段引用“parrots”學(xué)說話的例子后，作者說“ButIbelievethatitis

importanttoplacehigherstandardsonwhatisexpected”可知，作者認(rèn)為，鸚鵡學(xué)舌并

不是動物可能具備的最高智力。所以，B應(yīng)為答案。

12^Theauthorciteshisdogtoshow(hatdogs.

A、arcdissimilartoparrotsinmanyaspects

B、arelikelytobefrightenedbyloudsound

C、havemuchhigheriniellioencethanbirds

D、areanimalswithhighnativeintelligence

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第二段第一句"HereisanexampleofwhatIconsidertobefar

clearerevidenceofthenativeintelligence…”可知，作者認(rèn)為，他的狗的行為說明動物

可能具備很高的天生智力。所以，D應(yīng)為答案。

13>Itseemsthattheauthor'sdog.

A^knowswhatfollowsaflashoflightning

B、hatestheflashoflightningandthunder

C、isaspoiledpetafraidofleavinghome

D、grewupinacomfortableenvironment

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析；根據(jù)第四段中的“…shehadsomehowfiguredouttherelationship

betweenlightningandthundcr!”可知，作者的狗知道，閃電之后會有雷聲。所以，A

應(yīng)為答案。

14、Itisimpliedinthetextthatsomeanimals.

A^havedevelopedtheabilitytoanalyzeandsolveproblems

B、canfigureoutwhatwouldhappenafterafrighteningevent

C、havelimitedabilitytoanalyzewhathappensaroundthem

D、understandtherelationshipbetweenlightningandthunder

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析:根據(jù)第五段中的“Thatisamazinganalyticalthinking!…”可知,作者認(rèn)

為，狗能預(yù)知閃電之后會有雷聲，證明狗有分析能力。第六段提到狗看見照相機(jī)的

閃光時也害怕，證明其分析能力有限。所以，C應(yīng)為答案。

15、Welearnfromthetextthat.

A^goodlogicdependsongoodobservation

B>animalsmayhavelogicalthinkingability

C、animals'behaviorisbasedonpraisetraining

D、dogscanmakesimplescientificinvestigation

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：最后一段分析認(rèn)為，狗能預(yù)知閃電之后會有雷聲的能力體現(xiàn)了“a

combinationofgoodobservationandgoodlogic“。而且"preUyclosetowhatis

consideredtheScientificMethodofinvestigation'^所以，B應(yīng)為答案。

Theevolutioninpublicpolicyconcerningthemanufacture,saleandpossessionof

semiautomaticassaultweaponslikeAK-47s,AR-15sandUzishasbeenverydisturbing.

PresidentsRonaldReagan,GeorgeH.W.Bush,BillClintonandIallsupportedabanon

theseformidablefirearms,andonewasfinallypassedin1994.Whenthe10-yearbanwas

settoexpire,manypoliceorganizationscalledonCongressandPresidentGeorgeW.

Bushtorenewandstrengthenit.ButwithawinkfromtheWhiteHouse,thegunlobby

prevailedandthebanexpired.AnovcnvhclmingmajorityofAmericans,includingme

andmyhuntingcompanions,believeintherighttoownweapons,butsurveysshowthat

theyalsosupportmodestrestraintslikebackgroundchecks,rr.andatoryregistrationand

briefwaitingperiodsbeforepurchase.AmajorityofAmericansalsosupponbanning

assaultweapons.Manyofuswhohuntarcdismayedbysomeofthemoreextreme

policiesoftheNationalRifleAssociation,themostprominentvoiceinoppositiontoa

ban,andbythetimidityofpublicofficialswhoyieldtothegroup'sunreasonable

demands.Heavilyinfluencedandsupportedbythefirearmsindustry,N.R.A.leaders

havemisledmanygulliblepeopleintobelievingthatourweaponsaregoingtobetaken

awayfromus,andthathomeownerswillbedeprivedoftherighttoprotectourselvesand

ourfamilies.TheN.R.A.wouldbejustifiedinitseffortsif(herewasarealthreattoour

constitutionalrighttobeararms.But(hatisnotthecase.Instead,(heN.R.A.is

defendingcriminals'accesstoassaultweaponsanduseofammunitionthatcanpenetrate

protectiveclothingwornbypoliceofficersonduty.Inaddition,whiletheN.R.A.seems

tohavereluctantlyacceptedcurrentlawrestrictingsalesbylicensedgundealers(o

convictedfelons,itclaimsthatonly"law-abidingpeople"obeysuchrestrictions—andit

opposesapplyingthemtoprivategundealersorthosewhoseJallkindsofweaponsfrom

thebackofavanorpickuptruckatgunshows.Whataretheresultsofthisprofligate

ownershipanduseofgunsdesignedtokillpeople?In2006,theCentersforDisease

ControlandPreventionreponedmorethan30,000peoplediedfromfirearms,accounting

fornearly20percentofailinjurydeaths.In2005,everyninehoursachildorteenagerin

theUnitedStateswaskilledinafircarm-rclatcdaccidentorsuicide.Thegunlobbyand

thefirearmsindustryshouldreassesstheirpoliciesconcerningsafetyand

accountability—atleastonassaultweapons—andeasetheirpressureonacquiescent

politicianswhofearN.R.A.disapprovalatelectiontime.Wecan'tlettheN.R.A.'s

politicalblackmailpreventthebanningofassaultweapons-designedonlytokillpolice

officersandthepeopletheydefend.

16、Theauthornotesthatthebanonassaultweapons.

A^confrontswithwidespreadopposition

B、hasbeenverydisturbing:oAmericans

C、willsoonberenewedandstrengthened

D、wasapprovedbyfourformerPresidents

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第一段中的“PresidentsRonaldReagan,George

H.W.Bush.BillClintonandIallsupportedabanontheseformidable

firearms...D應(yīng)為答案。

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