《安全員》課件-01高處作業(yè)的類型

《安全員》TheSecurity第六章高處作業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)技術(shù)Chapter6Safeproductiontechniquesforworkingatheight按照《建筑施工高處作業(yè)安全技術(shù)規(guī)范》（JGJ80—91）的規(guī)定，凡在墜落高度基準(zhǔn)面2m以上（含2m）有可能墜落的高處進(jìn)行的作業(yè)均稱為高處作業(yè)。在施工現(xiàn)場高處作業(yè)中，如果未防護(hù)，防護(hù)不好或作業(yè)不當(dāng)都可能發(fā)生人或物的墜落。人從高處墜落的事故，稱為高處墜落事故，物體從高處墜落砸著下面的人事故，稱為物體打擊事故。Accordingtotheprovisionsof“thetechnicalcodeforsafetyofworkatheightsinbuildingconstruction”(jgj80-91),anyworkcarriedoutataheight2mabove(including2m)thefallingheightdatumplanethatislikelytofalliscalledworkatheights.Duringhigh-altitudeoperationattheconstructionsite,ifthereisnoprotection,poorprotectionorimproperoperation,peopleorobjectsmayfall.Anaccidentinwhichapersonfallsfromaheightiscalledafallingaccident.Anaccidentinwhichanobjectfallsfromaheightandhitsapersonbelowiscalledanobjectstrikeaccident.第一節(jié)高處作業(yè)的類型Section1Typesofworkatheights根據(jù)高處作業(yè)者工作時所處的部位不同，高處作業(yè)墜落事故可分為：臨邊作業(yè)高處墜落事故、洞口作業(yè)高處墜落事故、攀登作業(yè)高處墜落事故、懸空作業(yè)高處墜落事故、操作平臺作業(yè)高處墜落事故、交叉作業(yè)高處墜落事故等。長期以來，預(yù)防施工現(xiàn)場高處作業(yè)的高處墜落、物體打擊事故始終是施工安全生產(chǎn)的首要任務(wù)。Accordingtothedifferentworkingpositionsofoperatorsatheights,fallingaccidentsatheightscanbedividedinto:fallingaccidentsatedges,fallingaccidentsatopenings,fallingaccidentsatheightsinclimbingoperations,fallingaccidentsatheightsinsuspendedoperations,fallingaccidentsatheightsinoperatingplatforms,fallingaccidentsatheightsincrossoperations,etc.Foralongtime,thepreventionoffallingfromheightandobjectstrikeaccidentsintheconstructionsitehasalwaysbeentheprimarytaskofconstructionsafetyproduction.（1）基坑周邊，無防護(hù)的陽臺、料臺與挑平臺等；Surroundingthefoundationpit,unprotectedbalconies,materialplatforms,andcantileverplatforms;（3）無防護(hù)的樓梯口和梯段口；Unprotectedstaircasesandflightexits;（2）無防護(hù)樓層、樓面周邊；Unprotectedfloorsandsurroundingfloors;1.臨邊作業(yè)

Edgeoperation臨邊作業(yè)是指：施工現(xiàn)場中，工作面邊沿?zé)o圍護(hù)設(shè)施或圍護(hù)設(shè)施高度低于80cm時的高處作業(yè)。Edgeoperationrefersto：high-altitudeoperationsattheconstructionsitewheretherearenoenclosurefacilitiesalongtheedgeoftheworkingfaceorwhentheheightoftheenclosurefacilitiesislessthan80cm.高處作業(yè)的類型有：Typesofworkatheightsinclude:下列作業(yè)條件屬于臨邊作業(yè)：

Thefollowingoperatingconditionsbelongtoedgeoperations:（5）各種垂直運輸卸料平臺的周邊。Surroundingsofvariousverticaltransportationandunloadingplatforms.（4）井架、施工電梯和腳手架等的通道兩側(cè)面；Onbothsidesofthepassageforthemast,constructionelevator,andscaffolding;（1）基坑周邊，無防護(hù)的陽臺、料臺與挑平臺等；Surroundingthefoundationpit,unprotectedbalconies,materialplatforms,andcantileverplatforms;（3）無防護(hù)的樓梯口和梯段口；Unprotectedstaircasesandflightexits;（2）無防護(hù)樓層、樓面周邊；Unprotectedfloorsandsurroundingfloors;1.臨邊作業(yè)

Edgeoperation臨邊作業(yè)是指：施工現(xiàn)場中，工作面邊沿?zé)o圍護(hù)設(shè)施或圍護(hù)設(shè)施高度低于80cm時的高處作業(yè)。Edgeoperationrefersto：high-altitudeoperationsattheconstructionsitewheretherearenoenclosurefacilitiesalongtheedgeoftheworkingfaceorwhentheheightoftheenclosurefacilitiesislessthan80cm.高處作業(yè)的類型有：Typesofworkatheightsinclude:下列作業(yè)條件屬于臨邊作業(yè)：

Thefollowingoperatingconditionsbelongtoedgeoperations:（5）各種垂直運輸卸料平臺的周邊。Surroundingsofvariousverticaltransportationandunloadingplatforms.（4）井架、施工電梯和腳手架等的通道兩側(cè)面；Onbothsidesofthepassageforthemast,constructionelevator,andscaffolding;（1）基坑周邊，無防護(hù)的陽臺、料臺與挑平臺等；Surroundingthefoundationpit,unprotectedbalconies,materialplatforms,andcantileverplatforms;（3）無防護(hù)的樓梯口和梯段口；Unprotectedstaircasesandflightexits;（2）無防護(hù)樓層、樓面周邊；Unprotectedfloorsandsurroundingfloors;1.臨邊作業(yè)

Edgeoperation臨邊作業(yè)是指：施工現(xiàn)場中，工作面邊沿?zé)o圍護(hù)設(shè)施或圍護(hù)設(shè)施高度低于80cm時的高處作業(yè)。Edgeoperationrefersto：high-altitudeoperationsattheconstructionsitewheretherearenoenclosurefacilitiesalongtheedgeoftheworkingfaceorwhentheheightoftheenclosurefacilitiesislessthan80cm.高處作業(yè)的類型有：Typesofworkatheightsinclude:下列作業(yè)條件屬于臨邊作業(yè)：

Thefollowingoperatingconditionsbelongtoedgeoperations:（5）各種垂直運輸卸料平臺的周邊。Surroundingsofvariousverticaltransportationandunloadingplatforms.（4）井架、施工電梯和腳手架等的通道兩側(cè)面；Onbothsidesofthepassageforthemast,constructionelevator,andscaffolding;（1）基坑周邊，無防護(hù)的陽臺、料臺與挑平臺等；Surroundingthefoundationpit,unprotectedbalconies,materialplatforms,andcantileverplatforms;（3）無防護(hù)的樓梯口和梯段口；Unprotectedstaircasesandflightexits;（2）無防護(hù)樓層、樓面周邊；Unprotectedfloorsandsurroundingfloors;1.臨邊作業(yè)

Edgeoperation臨邊作業(yè)是指：施工現(xiàn)場中，工作面邊沿?zé)o圍護(hù)設(shè)施或圍護(hù)設(shè)施高度低于80cm時的高處作業(yè)。Edgeoperationrefersto：high-altitudeoperationsattheconstructionsitewheretherearenoenclosurefacilitiesalongtheedgeoftheworkingfaceorwhentheheightoftheenclosurefacilitiesislessthan80cm.高處作業(yè)的類型有：Typesofworkatheightsinclude:下列作業(yè)條件屬于臨邊作業(yè)：

Thefollowingoperatingconditionsbelongtoedgeoperations:（5）各種垂直運輸卸料平臺的周邊。Surroundingsofvariousverticaltransportationandunloadingplatforms.（4）井架、施工電梯和腳手架等的通道兩側(cè)面；Onbothsidesofthepassageforthemast,constructionelevator,andscaffolding;（1）基坑周邊，無防護(hù)的陽臺、料臺與挑平臺等；Surroundingthefoundationpit,unprotectedbalconies,materialplatforms,andcantileverplatforms;（3）無防護(hù)的樓梯口和梯段口；Unprotectedstaircasesandflightexits;（2）無防護(hù)樓層、樓面周邊；Unprotectedfloorsandsurroundingfloors;1.臨邊作業(yè)

Edgeoperation臨邊作業(yè)是指：施工現(xiàn)場中，工作面邊沿?zé)o圍護(hù)設(shè)施或圍護(hù)設(shè)施高度低于80cm時的高處作業(yè)。Edgeoperationrefersto：high-altitudeoperationsattheconstructionsitewheretherearenoenclosurefacilitiesalongtheedgeoftheworkingfaceorwhentheheightoftheenclosurefacilitiesislessthan80cm.高處作業(yè)的類型有：Typesofworkatheightsinclude:下列作業(yè)條件屬于臨邊作業(yè)：

Thefollowingoperatingconditionsbelongtoedgeoperations:（5）各種垂直運輸卸料平臺的周邊。Surroundingsofvariousverticaltransportationandunloadingplatforms.（4）井架、施工電梯和腳手架等的通道兩側(cè)面；Onbothsidesofthepassageforthemast,constructionelevator,andscaffolding;洞口作業(yè)是指：孔、洞口旁邊的高處作業(yè)，包括施工現(xiàn)場及通道旁深度在2m及2m以上的樁孔、溝槽與管道孔洞等邊沿作業(yè)。

Openingoperationsreferto：high-altitudeoperationsnearholesandopenings,includingedgeoperationssuchaspileholes,trenches,andpipelineholeswithadepthof2mormoreneartheconstructionsiteandpassageways.2.洞口作業(yè)

Openingoperation建筑物的樓梯口、電梯口及設(shè)備安裝預(yù)留洞口等（在未安裝正式欄桿，門窗等圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)時），還有一些施工需要預(yù)留的上料口、通道口、施工口等。凡是在2.5cm以上，洞口若沒有防護(hù)時，就有造成作業(yè)人員高處墜落的危險；或者若不慎將物體從這些洞口墜落時，還可能造成下面的人員發(fā)生物體打擊事故。

Thereservedopeningsfortheinstallationofstairs,elevators,andequipmentinbuildings(whenformalrailings,doorsandwindows,andotherprotectivestructuresarenotinstalled),aswellassomeloadingports,passageports,andconstructionportsthatneedtobereservedforconstruction.Iftheopeningisabove2.5cmandthereisnoprotection,thereisariskofoperatorsfallingfromheight;Orifanobjectisaccidentallydroppedfromtheseopenings,itmayalsocauseanobjectstrikeaccidentforpersonnelbelow.2.洞口作業(yè)

Openingoperation3.攀登作業(yè)

ClimbingOperations

攀登作業(yè)是指：借助建筑結(jié)構(gòu)或腳手架上的登高設(shè)施或采用梯子或其他登高設(shè)施在攀登條件下進(jìn)行的高處作業(yè)。

Climbingoperationsreferto：high-altitudeoperationscarriedoutunderclimbingconditionsusingclimbingfacilitiesonbuildingstructuresorscaffolding,orusingladdersorotherclimbingfacilities.

在建筑物周圍搭拆腳手架、張掛安全網(wǎng)，裝拆塔機(jī)、龍門架、井字架、施工電梯、樁架，登高安裝鋼結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件等作業(yè)都屬于這種作業(yè)。進(jìn)行攀登作業(yè)時作業(yè)人員由于沒有作業(yè)平臺，只能攀登在可借助物的架子上作業(yè)，要借助一手攀，一只腳勾或用腰繩來保持平衡，身體重心垂線不通過腳下，作業(yè)難度大，危險性大，若有不慎就可能墜落。

Erectinganddismantlingscaffolding,hangingsafetynetsaroundbuildings,installinganddismantlingtowercranes,gantryframes,wellframes,constructionelevators,pileracks,andinstallingsteelstructuralcomponentsatheightsallbelongtothistypeofoperation.Whencarryingoutclimbingoperations,theoperators,duetothelackofaworkplatform,canonlyclimbonashelfwithaccessibleobjects.Theyneedtouseonehandtoclimb,onefoottohook,orawaistropetomaintainbalance.Theverticallineofthebody'scenterofgravitydoesnotpassthroughthefeet,makingtheoperationdifficultanddangerous.Iftheyarenotcareful,theymayfall.懸空作業(yè)是指：在周邊臨空狀態(tài)下進(jìn)進(jìn)行高處作業(yè)。其特點是在操作者無立足點或無牢靠立足點條件下進(jìn)行高處作業(yè)。

Suspendedoperationrefersto:carryingouthigh-altitudeoperationswhilethesurroundingareaisinanairbornestate.Itscharacteristicistoperformhigh-altitudeoperationswhentheoperatorhasnofootholdorasecurefoothold.4.懸空作業(yè)

Suspendedoperation建筑施工中的構(gòu)件吊裝，利用吊籃進(jìn)行外裝修，懸挑或懸空梁板、雨棚等特殊部位支拆模板、扎筋、澆砼等項作業(yè)都屬于懸空作業(yè)，由于是在不穩(wěn)定的條件下施工作業(yè)，危險性很大。Theliftingofcomponentsinconstruction,theuseofhangingbasketsforexteriordecoration,andthesupportanddismantlingofformwork,reinforcement,andconcretepouringinspecialpartssuchassuspendedorsuspendedbeamsandslab