Unit6 詞匯精講課堂

詞匯課堂Awordisamicrocosmofhumanconsciousness.—Vygotsky教材版本：新外研冊(cè)別單元：選擇性必修二Unit6commit重難點(diǎn)詞搭配義consistappreciate英語釋義一詞多義英語釋義用法和搭配react一詞多義英語釋義一詞多義分詞形容詞advance&advancedestimate一詞多義act

詞族e(cuò)xpose&exposure“過而不改，是謂過矣”，這句孔子的名言出自《論語·衛(wèi)靈公》，意思是：有過錯(cuò)卻不加以改正，這才是真正的過錯(cuò)！commitcommitv

vt

犯（錯(cuò)誤、罪行等）to

dosthwrongorillegal：commitmurder/acrime/amistakeSmokingiscommittingsuicideslowly.

vi&vt（使）承擔(dān)義務(wù)；（使）作出保證tomakeadefiniteagreementorpromisetodosth：Theworldhasalreadycommittedtoestablishing

aClimateAdaptationFund.

2008上海改Atalentedscientistwellknownforhiscommitmenttohiscountry,HuangDaniancommittedhimselftohisresearchingeophysics.SMOKINGKILLS

vt投入tospendmoneyortimeonsth/sb：commitsthto(doing)sth:commitanhourtoreadingthenewspaperseverymorning【詞匯拓展】?committedadj

盡心盡力的；堅(jiān)定的：acommittedmemberoftheteamHelovedplayingthisinstrument,andwascommittedtopracticingit.2017江蘇estimate

theareaestimatethepositionestimatethedistance看圖猜詞

estimatevt

[常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)]估計(jì)；估算；估價(jià)：①estimatesth(atsth):Theyestimatethecosttorepairat$800.2016天津改②beestimatedtobe/have:Thetreeisestimatedtobeatleast700yearsold.③estimate/itisestimated+(that)從句：Theuniversityestimatesthatlivingexpensesforinternationalstudentsarearound$8,450ayear.2013湖南Itisestimatedthat80%ofallconversationinEnglishissmalltalk.estimaten[C]估計(jì)；估算；估價(jià)：aconservative/roughestimateappreciate詞源解讀appreciate由ap-(to)+-preci-(price)+-i-+-ate組成，其詞源義為“出價(jià)（tosetapriceto）”。只有理解（understand）了商品的價(jià)值才會(huì)愿意出價(jià)購買該商品。appreciatevt[不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)]

基本義：tounderstandsth

理解；明白

tounderstandthatsthistrue(realize)：appreciatethesignificance/valueofsthappreciate+that/wh-從句：Wedidn’tappreciatethathewasseriouslyill.IttookmealongtimebeforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhatmyparentshaddoneforme.2010北京改

欣賞；賞識(shí)tounderstandhowgoodorusefulsborsthis:Ireallyappreciateyourhandwriting.Histalentsaren’tappreciatedbyhisboss,whichmakeshimdepressed.

感激；感謝tobegratefulforsth：①

appreciate(sb)doingsth:Ireallyappreciateworkingwithsomeonewhodoessuchagoodjob.Wewouldappreciateyoulettingusknowofanyproblem.②

I’dappreciateitif…:I’dappreciateitifyoucouldgivemetheopportunity.欣賞；賞識(shí)感激；感謝欣賞；賞識(shí)；鑒賞appreciateappreciationappreciate+tion（名詞后綴）→appreciation，由此可知，appreciation與appreciate的釋義息息相關(guān)，可以聯(lián)系起來記憶。拓展appreciation感激；感謝理解；明白理解；認(rèn)識(shí)程度遞進(jìn)appreciationR1n[U]詞匯拓展1.Chineseartshavewontheappreciation

ofalotofpeopleoutsideChina.2.Pleaseacceptthisgift

inappreciationof

allyou’vedoneforus.3.Iwouldliketoexpressmyappreciationandthankstoyouall.4.Shehadnoappreciationof

thedifficultieswewerefacing.react詞源解讀react:re-

(相反)+act

(行動(dòng))→向相反的方向行動(dòng)→對(duì)……作出反應(yīng)react

意為“對(duì)……作出反應(yīng)”、“產(chǎn)生不良反應(yīng)”時(shí)，同介詞

to

搭配；意為“起（化學(xué)反應(yīng)）”時(shí)，同介詞

with

搭配。react

vi

（對(duì)……）作出反應(yīng)

(respond)：Howdidthestudentsreactto

themonitor’ssuggestion?

產(chǎn)生不良反應(yīng)：Somepeoplereactbadlytocertainfood.

起（化學(xué)）反應(yīng)：Itshowsushowironreactswith

airandwithwater.react語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖（對(duì)……）作出反應(yīng)react（基本義）對(duì)食物等有不良“反應(yīng)”物質(zhì)等發(fā)生化學(xué)“反應(yīng)”起（化學(xué)）反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生不良反應(yīng)14reactionn[U]&[C]反應(yīng)；作用：

【詞匯拓展】sb’sfirst/immediatereactionthepublic

reactiontothenewsthereactionofmetalswithoxygen15act同族詞activeactionactively

interactreactreaction

activist

activity

actress

actor

act

演員（男）演員（女）-ive:有……傾向的；有……性質(zhì)的-ly:以……方式inter-:在……之間，相互-tion:……的行為/狀態(tài)/結(jié)果re-:再；重新-tion:……的行為/狀態(tài)/結(jié)果-ist:……專業(yè)人員；……專家；從事……的人-ty:……的狀態(tài)；……的特性Hewhodoesnotadvancefallsbackward.不進(jìn)則退。advance&advanced

vi（尤指士兵）前進(jìn)；向前移動(dòng)：Thearmyadvancedacrosstheplain.

vt&vi（使）進(jìn)展；（使）進(jìn)步：Wehaveadvancedgreatly/significantly/considerablyinourknowledgeoftheuniverse.Thisresearchhasdonemuchtoadvanceourunderstandingoflanguagelearning.advance

■

v

advance詞源義：前進(jìn)→基本義：前進(jìn)

vt&vi（時(shí)間）提前；（價(jià)格）上漲；預(yù)支（錢）：ThedateofthemeetingwasadvancedfromJuly10toJuly1.Wearewillingtoadvancethemoneytoyou.

vt

促進(jìn)；推動(dòng)

(further)：Shedecidedtogobacktocollegetoadvancehercareer.2020山東

vt［正式用語］提出：advanceanidea/atheory/aplan■

n

[U]前進(jìn)

[C]進(jìn)步；進(jìn)展：makegreatadvancestechnological/scientific/medicaladvances

[C][常用單數(shù)]預(yù)付款：paysba$500advanceinadvance(of)提前（于……）；預(yù)先（于……）；超前于：Thankyouinadvance.2013全國(guó)書面表達(dá)Whenstudentsweretoldmyruleinadvanceoftheclass,someofthemwerenothappy.2011

北京對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞釋義記憶名詞釋義位置“前進(jìn)”科技、知識(shí)等“前進(jìn)”時(shí)間“前進(jìn)”價(jià)格“前進(jìn)”支付“前進(jìn)”（尤指士兵）前進(jìn)；向前移動(dòng)（使）進(jìn)展；（使）進(jìn)步（時(shí)間）提前（價(jià)格）上漲預(yù)支（錢）advance語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖前進(jìn)advance

（基本義）advanced

adj

先進(jìn)的；高級(jí)的verymodernandhighlydeveloped：

Thankstotheadvancedtechnology,weliveinanageofbetteredcommunication.

2015北京

（課程）高深的；高級(jí)的(ofacourseofstudy)atahighordifficultlevel:

OxfordAdvancedLearner’sDictionary分詞形容詞ShewaseducatedatPekingUniversity,afterwhichshewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.用所給單詞的正確形式填空。1.發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家a

__________(develop)country2.發(fā)展中國(guó)家a

__________(develop)country3.落葉__________(fall)leaves4.正在落下的樹葉__________(fall)leaves5.先進(jìn)技術(shù)__________(advance)technology6.白開水__________(boil)water7.沸水__________(boil)water8.學(xué)識(shí)淵博的人a__________(learn)man9.受過教育的孩子an__________(educate)childdevelopedadvancedfallenfallingdevelopingboiledboilinglearned將所填的分詞形容詞分類：表示動(dòng)作已完成：表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行：developed,fallen,advanced,boiled,learned,educateddeveloping,falling,boilingeducated

（尤指士兵）前進(jìn)；向前移動(dòng)

（使）進(jìn)展；（使)進(jìn)步

（時(shí)間）提前；（價(jià)格）上漲；預(yù)支（錢）

前進(jìn)

進(jìn)步；進(jìn)展

預(yù)付款vnadj預(yù)先的advancedadj先進(jìn)的；高級(jí)的（課程）高深的；高等的釋義歸納consist溫故知新根據(jù)所給漢語，完成句子。這個(gè)小組由三個(gè)人組成。Thegroup_______________________________threepeople.ismadeupof/iscomposedofconsistsofconsistR2

vi［不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)］consistin［正式用語］在于；存在于：Happinessconsistsincontentment.Successconsistsintheabilitytocontinueeffortsthroughfailures.2014福建書面表達(dá)consistof由……構(gòu)成；由……組成：HowmanycountriesdoestheUKconsistof?Lifeconsistsofnotonlysunshinebutalsostorms.2008遼寧書面表達(dá)改con-(=com-,together共同)+sist(tostand站立)→共同站到一起→組成詞源同exist,stand。

exposevt

使暴露；使顯露toshow

sththatisusuallyhidden：Beingexposedtosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmto

one’sskin.Hesmiledsuddenly,exposingasetofamazinglywhiteteeth.詞源：ex-(from,forth向前)+ponere(toput,place放置)，“把……放在前面”即其基本義為“使顯露；使暴露”expose&exposure

揭露；揭發(fā)totellthetruthaboutsborsth,especially

whenitisbad：Ithreatenedtoexpose

himto

thepolice.

使面臨；使處于……的作用/影響之下toputsb/sthinasituationthatcouldbedifficultordangerous：Heexposedhimselftocriticismbyfailingtocheckthefactsinthearticle.Thereportsaidthatworkershadbeenexposedtohighlevelsofradiation.

使接觸；使體驗(yàn)togivesbthechancetoexperiencesth：Wewanttoexpose

thekidsto

asmuchartandcultureaspossible.Iamrepeatedlyexposedtothebasicwordsandlearnhowtheyareusedtoexplainobjectsandideas.2010遼寧使某人“暴露”于某事物中使暴露；使顯露使某人或某物“暴露”于險(xiǎn)境使某人或某事物壞的方面“顯露”使被隱藏或遮蓋的事物“暴露”expose語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖使暴露；使顯露expose（基本義）揭露；揭發(fā)使面臨；使處于…的作用/影響之下使接觸；使體驗(yàn)

exposedadj

無遮蔽的；無保護(hù)的；易受攻擊的:Walkingdeepintotheforest,wesuddenlyfeltveryexposed.exposuren[U]

暴露；揭發(fā)：Scientistsworrythatexposuretolightwhilesleepingcanincreaseaperson’schancesofgettingcancer.2013

天津改

揭露；揭發(fā)：theexposureofillegaldeals

［常用單數(shù)］接觸；體驗(yàn)【詞匯拓展】隨堂檢測(cè)commit&committed一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Thisisamanwhohascommittedmurder.____________2.Thereareunconfirmedreportshetriedtocommitsuicide.

____________3.Thegovernmentmustcommititselftoimprovinghealthcare.

____________4.Alotofmoneyhasbeencommitted

tothisproject.____________殺人自殺承諾；保證投入二、在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Volunteersneedtobe______________(commit),patientandsensitivetoothers.(2014廣東)2.TheycalledonWesternnationstocommitmoremoney_________thepoorestnations.3.Thegovernmentiscommittedto____________(achieve)equalrightsforwomen.committedtoachieving一、在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Theearthquakecauseddamagetoproperty_________(estimate)at$6million.2.At________roughestimate,NigeriaisthreetimesthesizeofGreatBritain.二、根據(jù)所給漢語，完成句子。1.Toourdisappointment,onlyabout1,000finlessporpoise（中國(guó)長(zhǎng)江江豚）

_______________________________（被估計(jì)仍然存活）atpresent.

（2013

重慶）2.____________________（據(jù)估計(jì)）thereareabout5000—7500humpbackwhalesworldwide.（2011上海）aareestimatedtobestilllivingItisestimatedthatestimateestimated一、根據(jù)句意選出appreciate的最佳釋義。

vt欣賞；賞識(shí)

tounderstandhowgoodorusefulsb/sthis

vt感激；感謝

tobegratefulforsth

vt理解；明白tounderstandsth(aproblem,situation,etc.)a.Weappreciate

thatcaringforchildrenisanimportantjob. ___________

b.I’dappreciate

itifyoucouldlendmeyourdictionary.___________c.Histalentsarenotfullyappreciatedinthatcompany.___________二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。1.Ireallyappreciate___________(have)timetorelaxwithyouonthisniceisland.

havingappreciate2.Weunderstandthislessonbestwhenwereceivegiftsoflovefromchildren.Whetheritisacheappipeoradiamondnecklace,theproperresponseis______________(appreciate).（2010

廣東）三、用appreciate完成句子。1.______________________（如……我將不勝感激）myapplicationcouldgetyourapproval.（2011重慶書面表達(dá)）2.I’mnotanexpert,butI__________________________（欣賞優(yōu)秀的藝術(shù)作品）.3.Eventuallyshereally__________________________________________（理解父母為她所做的一切）.appreciatedwhatherparentshaddone

appreciatefineworksofartIwouldappreciateitifforherappreciation36一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Hearinghowothersreacttothebookyouhavejustreadcreatesanaddedpleasure.（2013浙江） ____________2.Peoplecanreactbadlytocertainfoodadditives（添加劑）. ____________

3.Ironreactswith

waterandairtoproducerust（鐵銹）. ____________二、給act加上適當(dāng)?shù)那熬Y或后綴，并用其正確形式填空。1.Hehopestotake____________tofightagainstdiseases.2.Mygrandfatherisstilllivinga(n)____________life.（2015

天津）對(duì)……作出反應(yīng)對(duì)……過敏/對(duì)……產(chǎn)生不良反應(yīng)和……發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)reactactionactive373.Wemayhavedifferentopinionsinorganizingclass___________.（2015浙江）activities4.Whenyoushareastorywithyourfriends,youwillcarealotmorehowthey__________.（2016全國(guó)）5.IfIfindsomeonewholookslikethesuspect（嫌疑人）,myimmediate__________willbetotellthepolice.（2010湖北）6.Thedirectorshoutedsomethingtothecameraoperatorandthenwenttospeaktothetwofamous_______________nearby.（2012全國(guó)）reactreactionactors/actresses

一、翻譯下列詞塊。1.預(yù)先訂購__________________________________________________________2.取得很大進(jìn)展__________________________________________________________3.科學(xué)進(jìn)步__________________________________________________________4.提前（于……）；預(yù)先（于……）__________________________________________________________advancebooking/bookinadvancemakegreatadvancesscientificadvances/advancesinscienceinadvance(of)advance&advanced二、完成句子。1.Weliveinanageof___________________________（技術(shù)飛快進(jìn)步）.(n)2.Thearmy___________________________________（正向城市前進(jìn)）.(v)3._________________________（我們?nèi)〉昧撕艽蟮倪M(jìn)步）inourknowledgeoftheuniverse.(v)三、根據(jù)句意寫出advanced的最佳釋義。Thecoursehastwolevels,thebeginnersandtheadvanced.（2015湖南改) ____________________2.Eveninadvancedagriculturalsocieties,ittookaboutninety-fivepeopleonfarmstofeed