2025版高考英語(yǔ)大一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)達(dá)標(biāo)14Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars含解析新人教版必修3

PAGEPAGE1課時(shí)達(dá)標(biāo)(十四)Unit4AstronomythescienceofthestarsⅠ閱讀理解A課標(biāo)話(huà)題人與自然·宇宙奇妙探究體裁說(shuō)明文詞數(shù)193難度(2024·臨川一中月考)Theskyisalargeplace,andthoughithasbeencarefullyexaminedforcenturies,newfeaturesstillturnup.LastMarchitwastheruleofUranus(天王星),andlastweekastronomersannouncedwhatmayturnouttobeanewplanet,thoughaverysmallone,inthesolarsystem.TheobjectwasfirstsightedlastmonthbyCharlesKowal,anastronomerattheHaleObservatoriesinPasadena,Calif.MrKowalobservedafainttrailoflightonphotographicplates,indicatingthatsomethingwasmovinginrelationtothebackgroundofstars.Otherobservershaveconfirmedthediscovery.The“mini-planet”，identifiedforthetimebeingas“Object-Kowal”，appearstobeabout1.5billionmilesaway,betweentheorbitofSaturnandUranus,anditsdiameter(直徑)hasbeenestimatedatbetween100and400miles.Itsorbithasnotbeendeterminedyet,butiftheorbitprovestoberoughlycircular,likethatofthemajorplanets,thenewobjectwouldprobablytake66to70yearstomakeacircuitofthesun.SomeastronomershavespeculatedthatMrKowal’sdiscoverymaybethefirstindicationofanasteroid(小行星)beltbeyondSaturn.語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀本文介紹了目前在太陽(yáng)系新發(fā)覺(jué)的可能是一顆小行星的天體。1．Whatmayhavebeenfoundinthesolarsystemaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A．Asmallnewplanet． B．Anewsolarsystem.C．Alargenewobject． D．Alargenewplanet.解析A細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段其次句可知，在太陽(yáng)系中新發(fā)覺(jué)了可能是一顆小行星的天體，故選A項(xiàng)。2．Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?A．Whattheobjectislike． B．Howtheobjectwasfound.C．Wheretheastronomerslive. D．Whytheobjectwasmoving.解析B細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段內(nèi)容可知，天文學(xué)家CharlesKowal在照相底片上視察到了一條淡淡的光亮路徑，指出有東西在相關(guān)的恒星后面移動(dòng)，其他視察者也證明了這一發(fā)覺(jué)，所以其次段主要講解并描述了該行星是如何被發(fā)覺(jué)的，故選B項(xiàng)。3．Whatmagazinemightthispassagebetakenfrom?A．Astronomy． B．Industry． C．Spaceflight． D．Agriculture.解析A文章出處題。依據(jù)全文可知，本文主要介紹了目前在太陽(yáng)系新發(fā)覺(jué)的一顆疑似小行星的天體，這類(lèi)文章最可能出自與天文學(xué)相關(guān)的雜志上，故選A項(xiàng)。B課標(biāo)話(huà)題人與自然·宇宙奇妙探究體裁記敘文詞數(shù)328難度(2024·長(zhǎng)沙一中開(kāi)學(xué)檢測(cè))AnewstudysuggeststhatdarkmarkingsontheplanetMarsrepresentsand—notwater.Theresearchin2015suggestedthatlinesonsomeMartianhillswereevidenceofwater.YetAmericanscientistsnowsaytheselinesappearmorelikedry,flowsofsand.Ifwaterispresent,itislikelytobeasmallamount.Waterinliquidformwouldbenecessaryformicrobial(微生物的)life.NASA,theAmericanspaceagency,saidmoreresearchisneeded.MichaelMeyeristheleadscientistforNASA’sMarsexplorationprogramme.Henotedthatthelateststudydoesnotrejectthepresenceofwater.Butheadmitted,“Itjustmaynotbeasexcitingastheideaofriversgoingdownthesidesofcliffs(懸崖)．”ThenewfindingscomefromateamledbyColinDundasoftheUnitedStatesGeologicalSurvey.Histeammeasured151oftheselinesin10areas.Mostofthelinesendwithslopesbetween28degreesand35degrees.Thesemeasurementsaresimilartoactivesanddunes(沙丘)onbothMarsandEarth.Asmallcoveringofdustthatmovesandsometimesbecomeslightermighthelpexplainthemarkings.TheyusuallyappearintheMartiansummertime,andthendisappearuntilthenextyear.Iftheselinesaredry,thissuggeststhatrecentMarshasnothadlargevolumesofliquidwater.Dundasandhisresearchteamsaythatmanyquestionsremain.“IstillthinkthatMarshasagreatpotentialforhavinghadlifeearlyoninitshistory，”Meyersaid.“Aslongasthat’strue,wealsohaveareasonablepossibilityoflifestillbeingonMars.Itjusthappenstobecrypticorwellhidden.”NASAcurrentlyhasnoroboticvehicle—eitheronMarsorindevelopment—withtheabilitytoclimbsteepslopes.ThelackofsuchequipmenthasengineerscomingupwithideaslikeMartianhelicoptersorplaneswithoutpilots.語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀本文主要講解并描述了美國(guó)科學(xué)家的一項(xiàng)新的探討發(fā)覺(jué)：火星上黑色的標(biāo)記是沙子而不是水。4．WhatdoAmericanscientistsfindonMarsnowaccordingtotheirstudy?A．Alotoflittlelife． B．Anamountofwater.C．SomeMartianhills． D．Darkmarkingsaresand.解析D細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段第一句可知，科學(xué)家發(fā)覺(jué)火星上的黑色標(biāo)記是沙子不是水，故選D項(xiàng)。5．Whendothemarkingscomeout?A．InMartianspring． B．InMartiansummer.C．InMartianautumn． D．InMartianwinter.解析B細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第三句可知，這樣的標(biāo)記會(huì)出現(xiàn)在火星的夏季，故選B項(xiàng)。6．What’sMeyer’sopinionabouthavinglifeonMars?A．Doubtful． B．Trustful.C．Indifferent． D．Objective.解析B觀點(diǎn)看法題。依據(jù)第四段可推知，Meyer還是信任火星上有生命，故選B項(xiàng)。7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“cryptic”inParagraph4mean?A．Undiscovered． B．Strange.C．Magical． D．Icy.解析A詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)句中的orwellhidden可知，cryptic的意思是“隱藏的；沒(méi)被發(fā)覺(jué)的”，故選A項(xiàng)。Ⅱ七選五課標(biāo)話(huà)題人與社會(huì)·跨文化溝通、包涵與合作體裁記敘文詞數(shù)222難度(2024·沈陽(yáng)適應(yīng)考)SoccerfansinruralZambiaareabletowatchlive2024WorldCupbroadcastsforthefirsttimethankstoaChinesecompany.ThecompanyhelpedthevillagersgettheirfirsttasteofsatellitetelevisionthroughaprojectthataimstooffertheservicetovillagesinAfrica.__1__Theyoungstersreallytreasuredthischance.ThesatellitetelevisionprojectstartedlastAugustbythecompanyStarTimes.__2__ItwantstohelpAfricancountriesaccelerateagriculturalmodernizationandrealizeindependentandsustainable(可持續(xù)的)development.__3__Accordingtoalocalnewspaper,ruralfarmerswillhaveaccesstomonitoringweatherpatternsandmarketpricesforagriculturalproducts.Localswillbeabletowatchmembersofgovernmentandparliamentduringlivebroadcasts.TheprogramisanexampleofhowChinesecompaniescanmakeprofitsandbesociallyresponsibleatthesametime.__4__ItalsohasitsownchannelsthatbroadcastChinesetelevisionprogramssuchastalentshows,soapoperasthathavebeendubbed(為……配音)intolocallanguages,andotherprogramsthatattempttointroduceChineseculture.ToovercometheproblemofpowershortagesinruralAfrica,StarTimeswillalsoprovidetelevisionsetsthatwillbeoutfittedwithasolarpowersystem.__5__Besidespoliticalandeconomicexchanges,thiskindofpeople-to-peopleinteractionisasignificantpartofChina’seffortstoincreaseitssoftpowerandbuildabetterglobalimage.A．Thecompanynotonlyprovidessatelliteequipmentandservices.B．DoingsowillallowpeopletowatchTVforsixhoursaftersunset.C．IntroducingmorediverseChineseculturetoAfricaisalsooneofitsgoals.D．TheservicehelpsruralAfricanskeepupwithcurrenteventsandnews.E．TheChinesecompanymakesahealthyprofitonthisprojectwhilehelpingthem.F．Thecompanyaimstoprovidedigitaltelevisionsignalsto10,000villagesinAfrica.G．AndprimaryschoolstudentsinZambia’sremoteareascanalsoenjoywatchingtheWorldCup.語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀本文主要講解并描述了一家中國(guó)公司幫助非洲一些農(nóng)村開(kāi)發(fā)衛(wèi)星電視，使得當(dāng)?shù)厝四軌蚩词澜绫?jìng)賽的事。1．解析G并列關(guān)系。上文提到了幫助贊比亞當(dāng)?shù)卮迕袷状螄L試觀看世界杯，下文提到孩子們真的很珍惜這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，G項(xiàng)(贊比亞偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的小學(xué)生也能看到世界杯)符合語(yǔ)境，故選G項(xiàng)。2．解析F順承關(guān)系。由上下文可知，空處與該公司進(jìn)行此項(xiàng)目的緣由有關(guān)?？蘸笠痪涞腎t指F項(xiàng)中的TheChineseCompany，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)與上下文連接自然，故選F項(xiàng)。3．解析D總分關(guān)系。下文介紹該項(xiàng)目幫助當(dāng)?shù)卮迕窀蠒r(shí)代的步伐，使他們能夠獲知天氣預(yù)報(bào)和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)價(jià)格以及看到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播中的政府官員和國(guó)會(huì)議員，故選D項(xiàng)(該服務(wù)幫助非洲農(nóng)夫獲知實(shí)時(shí)新聞，與時(shí)代同步)。4．解析A順承關(guān)系。上文介紹衛(wèi)星設(shè)施和服務(wù)，下文接著說(shuō)它還有自己的頻道來(lái)介紹中國(guó)文化，只有A項(xiàng)(該公司不僅僅供應(yīng)衛(wèi)星設(shè)備和服務(wù))能恰當(dāng)?shù)剡B接上下文，故選A項(xiàng)。5．解析B順承關(guān)系?？涨爸v到“為了克服非洲農(nóng)村的電力短缺問(wèn)題，公司還供應(yīng)配有太陽(yáng)能系統(tǒng)的電視機(jī)”，B項(xiàng)(這樣做讓當(dāng)?shù)厝嗽谔?yáng)落山后還能觀看6個(gè)小時(shí)的電視)緊承上文，故選B項(xiàng)。Ⅲ短文改錯(cuò)(2024·石家莊二中等聯(lián)考)Myfirststayathomealonewasverymemorable.OnedaywhenIwastwelve,bothmymotherandfatherwereawayonthe①business,andIhadtobealleq\o(with,\s\do11(by))②myselffortwodays.Myparentsleftearlythefirstday,eq\o(∧,\s\do11(and))③Igotupsoonaftertheyleft.ThefirsteveningIwasalittleeq\o(scare,\s\do11(scared))④，soIturnedonallthelights.Iactuallyeq\o(keep,\s\do11(kept))⑤thelightoninmybedroomthewholenight,