閱讀理解七選五滿分對(duì)策-2024屆高考英語(yǔ)題型策略（教師版）

專題9閱讀理解七選五滿分對(duì)策教師版

目錄導(dǎo)航

一、利用設(shè)空位置，快解閱讀七選五_____________________________________________________________2

技法一段首設(shè)空題____________________________________________________________________________2

技法二段中設(shè)空題____________________________________________________________________________4

技法三段尾設(shè)空題____________________________________________________________________________5

二、依據(jù)詞匯線索，巧解閱讀七選五7

技法一詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法____________________________________________________________________________7

技法二代詞指代法9

三、根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系，化解閱讀七選五…._________________________________________________________1.1

1.總分關(guān)系1.1.

2.解釋關(guān)系1.2

3.例證關(guān)系12

4.并歹！J關(guān)系_____________________13

5.遞進(jìn)關(guān)系_________________________________________________________________________________13

6.轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系13

7.對(duì)比關(guān)系14

8.因果關(guān)系14

四、閱讀理解七選五語(yǔ)篇訓(xùn)練___________________________15

1.2023?新高考I卷15

2.2023■新高考II卷16

3.2023■全國(guó)甲卷17

4.2023■全國(guó)乙卷19

閱讀理解七選五題命題規(guī)律探究

閱讀七選五主要考查考生對(duì)文章整體內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和把握?？荚囆问绞窃谝?/p>

段約300詞的短文中留出5個(gè)空白，要求考生從所給的7個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，使補(bǔ)全后的短文意思通

順、前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。

解答閱讀七選五題目時(shí)，方法會(huì)因人而異，所以我們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)備考中，根據(jù)題型特點(diǎn)和平時(shí)的教學(xué)總結(jié)

了三種比較實(shí)用的解題技法：

①利用設(shè)空位置，快解閱讀七選五；

②依據(jù)詞匯線索，巧解閱讀七選五；

③根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系，化解閱讀七選五。

這三種技法各有特色，沒(méi)有優(yōu)劣之分。有的試題僅僅運(yùn)用一種方法不能找出答案，可以綜合運(yùn)用三種

方法，靈活解題。

一、利用設(shè)空位置，快解閱讀七選五

技法一段首設(shè)空題

段主旨句：段落小標(biāo)題或段落主題句

首總結(jié)句：總結(jié)上文

句

特過(guò)渡句：正確選項(xiàng)與上一段尾句關(guān)系

點(diǎn)緊密

標(biāo)題特點(diǎn)法：空格本身是文章標(biāo)題或

段落小標(biāo)題，正確選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn):簡(jiǎn)短精悍,

以祈使句為主

中心詞法：利用本段同義詞或相關(guān)詞

解

題匯，推測(cè)主題句

法利用上一段尾句和空后第

寶

一、二句確定相關(guān)信息詞

前瞻后顧

找啟示’設(shè)空出現(xiàn)在段首，通常為

主題句，其后的句子是對(duì)

該空的解讀

調(diào)研1:12021新課標(biāo)I卷】—39OnourfirstmorninginParis,Iwentaroundthecomertothefoodmarket

topickupsomegroceries.Iboughtahandfulofperfectlyripesmallstrawberriesandalittlesweetmelon.My

husbandandIagreedtheywerethebestfruitwehadevereaten.Buttheycost$18!

C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.

D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.

E.That'snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.

F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.

【答案】E

【解析】39.E。這題為第四段第一句話，功能為承接第三段引起第四段。所以大家做題時(shí)要看第三段的內(nèi)

容和第四段的內(nèi)容，并且概括二段的大意。法國(guó)人吃得少的第一點(diǎn)原因是第三段中描述的食物美味，以至

于不需要量太多，你就已經(jīng)滿足。第二個(gè)原因在第四段，太昂貴，買不起，所以一次只吃一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。故選E。

調(diào)研2:[2019全國(guó)I卷】Livinginaculturethatisdifferentfromyourowncanbebothanexcitingand

challengingexperience.Youhavetolearndifferentculturalpracticesandtrytoadapttothem.

36Theytalkabouttopicssuchasages,incomeormaritalstatus,whichAmericansthinkisannoying

andintrusive.

E.BasicallyChinavaluesthecommunityandtheUSvaluestheindividual.

F.ChinesepeopledonothavethesameconceptofprivacyasAmericansdo

G.UnliketheChinese,olderAmericansseldomlivewiththeirchildren.

【解析】36.F?？疾橹黝}句。根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容可知本段主要講的是中美兩國(guó)人之間對(duì)待個(gè)人隱私的不同概念。

中國(guó)人問(wèn)年齡、收入、婚姻狀況，而美國(guó)人則認(rèn)為是一種冒犯。G選項(xiàng)講的是中國(guó)人和美國(guó)人的意思觀念

不一樣，符合語(yǔ)境，故選F.

調(diào)研3:【2019全國(guó)I卷】40IfyouachievesomethingintheUS,it'sbecauseyouweregreat.Whilein

China,ifyouachievesomethinginChinait'sbecausetheteam,orfamily,orcompanyisgreat.Everythingyoudo

getsattributedtothegreaterwhole,whileinAmericaindividualmeritsarecelebrated.

C.ChinesepeoplevalueeducationandcareermorethanAmericans.

D.Theyarealwaysconservativewhentheyareplanningtospendmoney.

E.BasicallyChinavaluesthecommunityandtheUSvaluestheindividual.

【解析】36.E。本段講的是對(duì)待集體和個(gè)人之間的關(guān)系。E選項(xiàng)正是本段內(nèi)容的概括和總結(jié)。

調(diào)研4:【2019全國(guó)II卷】37Morethanthat,howshouldyoustaymotivatedtoachievethegoal?First,you

needtoevaluateyourself,yourvalues,yourstrengths,yourweaknesses,yourachievements,yourdesires,etc.Only

thenshouldyousetyourgoals.

A.Thiscanaffectyourwork.

B.Sohowshouldyoumotivateyourself?

C.However,thisshouldnotdiscourageyou.

【解析】37.B。上一段闡述了動(dòng)機(jī)和設(shè)定目標(biāo)的關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)了動(dòng)機(jī)的重要性，本段進(jìn)一步講如何激勵(lì)自己

并保持動(dòng)力來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。B選項(xiàng)“那么你應(yīng)該如何激勵(lì)自己呢？”承上啟下，故選B。

調(diào)研5:[2020全國(guó)I卷】?—37Donotfollowthepeoplewhomakeyoufeelnot-good-enough.Whydoyou

followthem?Areyouhopingthateventuallyyouwillfeelempoweredbecauseyourlifeisbetterthantheirs?Know

thatyourlifeisyourown;youaretheonlyyouinthisworld.

E.Setanintentionforself-acceptance.

F.Stopcomparingyourselfwithothers.

G.Whendoesthecomparisongamestart?

【解析】37.Fo根據(jù)下文Areyouhopingthateventuallyyouwillfeelempoweredbecauseyourlifeisbetter

thantheirs?Knowthatyourlifeisyourown;youaretheonlyoneinthisworld.（你是否希望最終你會(huì)因?yàn)樽?/p>

己的生活比他們的好而感到有力量？要知道，你的生活是你自己的；你在這個(gè)世界上是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的。）可知，

本段主要講述不要把自己和別人作比較，因?yàn)樯钍俏覀冏约旱模覀円彩鞘澜缟溪?dú)一無(wú)二的。故F.Stop

comparingyourselfwithothers.（停止把自己和別人進(jìn)行比較。）可以作為本段中心句，故選F項(xiàng)。

調(diào)研6:（2022?全國(guó)乙?片段）

?Practiseempathy（共情）

38.Thefriendwhoisremainingneedstobesensitivetoalltheadditionaltimedemandsplacedonthe

friendwhohasmoved.Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbesympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeel

abandoned.

?39

Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.Althoughtechnologymight

makeday-to-daycommunicationpossible,extraeffortgoesalongwayonspecialdays.Simplykeepingadiarythat

keepstrackoffriends9birthdaysandotherimportantdateswillmakesurenothingslipsbyyou.

,Don'trelyontechnologyalone

40,butlong-distancefriendships一evencloseones一mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain.Tryto

seekoutchancestorenewfriendships.Howtodoit?Justspendface-to-facetimetogetherwheneverpossible.

A.Rememberimportantdates

B.Compensatebywritingletters

C.Itisalsohelpfulforyoutobeafriendshipkeeper

D.Trytofindatimethatworksforbothofyouandsticktoit

E.Friendsneedtotalkabouttheirpreferredmethodsofcommunication

F.Itiseasytohaveasenseofconnectednessthroughsocialmedia

G.Youmaybethefriendwholeftortheonewhowasleftbehind

【解析】38.G。此空考查段落主旨句，可運(yùn)用“中心詞法下文“Thefriendwhoisremaining"和"Theonein

thenewenvironment”提到朋友的兩種不同處境，G項(xiàng)“你可能是朋友中離開(kāi)的那一方，也可能是被留下的

那一方”指出了異地友誼中分為離開(kāi)的一方和留下的一方，其中“thefriendwholeft”和“theonewhowasleft

behind”分別對(duì)應(yīng)下文“Theoneinthenewenvironment"和"Thefriendwhoisremaining”。故選Go

【解析】39.Ao此處考查段落小標(biāo)題，依據(jù)其他段落小標(biāo)題為祈使句，可在選項(xiàng)A、B、D中確定答案，

再根據(jù)下文^Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.w可知,周年

紀(jì)念日和生日等重要的日子對(duì)于維系異地友誼是非常重要的，由此推知，這段對(duì)應(yīng)的維系異地友誼的方法

是A項(xiàng)“記得重要的日子”。故選A。

【解析】40.Fo根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題以及空后句“butlong-distancefriendships-evencloseones-mayrequire

moreconsciousefforttosustainw可知，維系異地友誼不能只依靠科技，我們要更加自覺(jué)地維系異地友誼，

F項(xiàng)“朋友之間很容易通過(guò)社交媒體產(chǎn)生一種聯(lián)結(jié)感”肯定了科技的作用，并同下文銜接緊密。故選F。

技法二段中設(shè)空題

段中設(shè)空即主題句的展開(kāi)句。尤其注意分析空格前后的邏輯關(guān)系及內(nèi)容的連貫性，注意各句間的銜接

手段。其特點(diǎn)主要是以轉(zhuǎn)折手法引出主題句，或者是用來(lái)承上啟下的過(guò)渡句，也可能是補(bǔ)充前文的具體事

實(shí)、事例和說(shuō)明。

解此類試題時(shí)首先應(yīng)確定所缺的句子是過(guò)渡句還是細(xì)節(jié)句，對(duì)于這兩類句子，我們將采用不同的方法

來(lái)解題。

閱讀空格前后內(nèi)容，標(biāo)記關(guān)鍵詞

閱讀各個(gè)選項(xiàng)，標(biāo)記關(guān)鍵詞

日細(xì)節(jié)句］-比較匹配關(guān)鍵詞，確定答案

利用詞語(yǔ)復(fù)現(xiàn)確定答案

段

中利用表并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步和因果關(guān)系的

設(shè)過(guò)渡銜接詞確定選項(xiàng)

空

可

閱讀空格前后內(nèi)容，挖掘內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系

1■［過(guò)渡句卜閱讀各個(gè)選項(xiàng)，標(biāo)記表轉(zhuǎn)折、并列、讓

步或因果關(guān)系的過(guò)渡銜接詞___________

注意詞語(yǔ)復(fù)現(xiàn)：同源、同義、近義或反

義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，不同時(shí)態(tài)形式的動(dòng)詞等

調(diào)研1:【2022?新高考全國(guó)I】FitnessMagazinerecentlyrananarticletitled"FiveReasonstoThankYour

WorkoutPartner”.Onereasonwas："You'llactuallyshowupifyouknowsomeoneiswaitingforyouatthegym,^^

whileanotherread："36"Withaworkoutpartner,youwillincreaseyourtrainingeffortasthereisasubtle（微

妙）competition.

C.You'llworkharderifyoutrainwithsomeoneelse.

D.Doyouwanttobeabetterathleteinyourfavoritesport?

E.Howcanyouwriteagood“seekingtrainingpartner^^notice?

【解析】36.C?細(xì)節(jié)句，上文提到感謝健身伙伴的一個(gè)理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就會(huì)去

鍛煉"，再根據(jù)"whileanotherread”可知，這里陳述另一個(gè)感謝健身伙伴的理由。所以C項(xiàng)“如果你和別人

一起鍛煉，你會(huì)更努力”符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。

調(diào)研2:［2021全國(guó)II卷】?Yourmetabolism（新陳代謝）getsaheadstart.38Ifyouworkoutinthemornings,

thenyouwillbegettingthecalorie（卡路里）burningbenefitsforthewholeday,notinyoursleep.

E.Youcankeepyourheadclearfor4-10hoursafterexercise.

F.Afteryouexercise,youcontinuetoburncaloriesthroughouttheday.

G.Ifyouareplanningtodoexerciseregularly,oryou'redoingitnow,thenlistenup!

【解析】38.Fo設(shè)空處位于段中，屬于段中題。這一段說(shuō)的是晨練有助于人體的新陳代謝，能讓你一整天

都感受到晨練消耗卡路里帶來(lái)的好處。F項(xiàng)“晨練之后你還會(huì)在一天時(shí)間里繼續(xù)消耗卡路里”中的關(guān)鍵詞

throughoutthedayw與文中的“thewholeday”呼應(yīng)。故選F。

調(diào)研3:[2018全國(guó)I卷】Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas,dinnertablesor

bookshelves.39.Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffect

onthefeelingofaspace.（2018全國(guó)I卷）

E.It'snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpieces

F.Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttime

G.Colorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways

【解析】39.G。設(shè)空處在段中，所填句子應(yīng)是過(guò)渡句。該空前一句主要內(nèi)容是“mediumcolorchoices”，是

G項(xiàng)中“smallones”的升級(jí)。該空后一句介紹了兩種方式的顏色選擇，與G項(xiàng)中的“twomajorways”相呼應(yīng)，

故選G。

調(diào)研4:12017全國(guó)I卷】Iwas,nevertheless,talkedintogoingonanotherfun-filledholidayinthewilderness.

38Instead,wehadapop-upcamperwithcomfortablebedsandanairconditioner.Mynature-lovingfriends

hadrememberedtobringallthenecessitiesoflife.

A.Thistimetherewasnotent.

B.Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.

C.Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.

【解析】38.A。解此題可運(yùn)用詞匯同現(xiàn)法。該空前面的部分說(shuō)明了作者被說(shuō)服參加另一次野營(yíng)活動(dòng)，而空

后則說(shuō)這次野營(yíng)活動(dòng)有舒服的床和空調(diào)，因此空處的論述應(yīng)該是在“住宿”這一范疇內(nèi)，幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有A

項(xiàng)合適。

技法三段尾設(shè)空題

閱讀空前段落內(nèi)容，抓住主旨，總

結(jié)空前的內(nèi)容，并利用詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)等

N總結(jié)句卜技巧選出正確選項(xiàng)。常含有總結(jié)性

段的詞語(yǔ)，如therefore,thus,tosum

尾

up,toconclude,inaword等

設(shè)

空

題“瞻前顧后”找啟示

閱讀設(shè)空前一句；結(jié)合下一段開(kāi)

U過(guò)渡句卜

頭，留意銜接詞和關(guān)鍵詞

注意所選答案是否銜接上下段內(nèi)容

調(diào)研1:【2021?浙江6月卷】You'vegotmail...andifsapostcard

PauloMagalhaes,a34-year-oldPortuguesecomputerengineer,lovestoopenhismailboxandfindabrightly

coloredpictureofRome'sColosseum.OrAfrica^VictoriaFalls.OrChina'sGreatWall.31

“Ioftensendpostcardstofamilyandfriends,9,hesaystoChinaDaily...

E.OnAugust5,thenumberofpostcardsexchangedbymemberstopped31million.

ESimilarly,ifyouspeakonlyChinese,receivingacardinSwedishtakespartofthefunaway.

G.Inshort,helovespostcards,andtheexcitementofgettingahand-writtennotefromsomeonefaraway.

【解析】31.Go此處考查總結(jié)句。根據(jù)上文可知，Paulo喜歡打開(kāi)郵筒，收到一張色彩鮮艷的羅馬斗獸場(chǎng)

的圖片，或者是非洲維多利亞瀑布的圖片，或者是中國(guó)長(zhǎng)城的圖片，由此可知，G項(xiàng)“總而言之，他喜歡

明信片，以及收到遠(yuǎn)方某人手寫(xiě)的便條時(shí)的那種興奮感”符合語(yǔ)境。G項(xiàng)中的“l(fā)oves”“postcards”分別與

上文中的"loves”及下文中的"postcards”相對(duì)應(yīng)，而且G項(xiàng)中含有總結(jié)性詞語(yǔ)inshort。

調(diào)研2:12019全國(guó)I卷】InChina,eldersaretraditionallytreatedwithenormousrespectanddignitywhilethe

youngarecherishedandnurtured.InAmerica,thegoalofthefamilyistoencourageindependence,particularlythat

ofthechildren.37.（2019

E.BasicallyChinavaluesthecommunityandtheUSvaluestheindividual.

EChinesepeopledonothavethesameconceptofprivacyasAmericansdo

G.UnliketheChinese,olderAmericansseldomlivewiththeirchildren.

【答案】G

【解析】37?G。上句講的是中國(guó)老年人受到尊重而年輕人受到愛(ài)護(hù)，即：尊老愛(ài)幼。家庭的目的就是鼓勵(lì)

獨(dú)立。因此不像中國(guó)人，美國(guó)老人很少與子女生活在一起。C選項(xiàng)正是承接上文。

調(diào)研3:[2019全國(guó)III卷】Don'ts

?Don'tsharepersonalinformationorstories.Professorsarenottrainednurses,financialaidexpertsoryour

bestfriends.Ifyouareinneedofadeadlineextension,simplyexplainthesituationtotheprofessor.39

D.Sowhyshouldwetrytosetspecificgoals?

E.Theycanchangeaccordingtocircumstances.

G.Withoutmotivation,youcanneithersetagoalnorreachit.

【答案】E【解析】39.E。上文說(shuō)“記得，目標(biāo)是靈活的”。該空承接上文，E選項(xiàng)“它們會(huì)根據(jù)環(huán)境的改變

而改變”切題，故選E。

調(diào)研4:[2020全國(guó)IRecognizeallofyourstrengths.Writethemdowninajournal.Begintotrainyourbrain

tolookatstrengthbeforeweakness.Listallofyouraccomplishmentsandachievements.Youhaveajob,earned

yourdegree,andyougotoutofbedtoday.39

A.Feelingupsetagain?

C.Nothingistoosmalltocelebrate.

D.Remember,youareonlyhuman.

【解析】39.Co本題設(shè)空在段尾，首先看前文。根據(jù)上文Listallofyouraccomplishmentsandachievements.

Youhaveajob,earnedyourdegree,andyougotoutofbedtoday?例出你所有的成就。你有了一份工作，拿

到了學(xué)位。）可知，這些小事都是你取得的成就，都值得慶祝。C項(xiàng)意思，沒(méi)有什么事是太小而不值得慶祝

的，對(duì)上文的總結(jié)概括，符合文意。

調(diào)研5:[2021新課標(biāo)II卷】Ifyou'rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjust

removethemfromthesituation39

C.Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere?”

D.Bepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangers

E.Orturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosay

【解析】39.Eo根據(jù)上文“Ifyoucan'ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheir

soapbox（講臺(tái)）.Ifyou'rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjust

removethemfromthesituation.（如果你不能拿走他們的酒，你當(dāng)然應(yīng)該讓他們離開(kāi)講話的地方。如果你是

主人，你可以讓他們到廚房幫你做點(diǎn)什么，只是為了讓他們擺脫那種情景）”可知，本段主要是為解決“喝太

多酒或一直說(shuō)個(gè)不?！边@個(gè)問(wèn)題提供方法。由此可知，E項(xiàng)“Orturntheconversationintoatopicwherethey

havelittletosay（或者把談話變成他們沒(méi)什么可說(shuō)的話題）”是提出的另一個(gè)解決辦法,承接上文，符合題意。

故選E項(xiàng)。

二、依據(jù)詞匯線索，巧解閱讀七選五

技法一詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法

原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)

4種同/近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)

復(fù)現(xiàn)

反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)___________________________

形式

2詞匯同現(xiàn)：同一詞匯或范疇或某一類別

復(fù)的詞匯反復(fù)出現(xiàn)

現(xiàn)著重閱讀空前空后兩句，鎖定關(guān)鍵詞，

法2利?

在選項(xiàng)中搜索相關(guān)關(guān)鍵詞_____________

尋詞

訣竅正確選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞一般重復(fù)前一句

中的關(guān)鍵詞，且與下一句的關(guān)鍵詞呼應(yīng)

調(diào)研1:【2022?新課標(biāo)I卷】Mypartnerpostedherrequestonthenoticeboardofalocalpark.Hern9ticeincluded

whatkindoftrainingshewantedtodo,howmanydaysaweekandhowmanyhoursslj^w^ntedtospendoneach

session,andherage.Italsolistedherfavoritesportsandactivities,andproyidedlierphonenumber.39

Youandyourpartnerwillprobablyhavedifferentskill^^40Overtime,bothofyouwillbenefit-your

partnerwillbeabletoliftmoreweightS/a^d^otTwillbecomemorephysicallyfit.Thecore（核心）ofyour

relationshipisthatyouwillalwaysj>^fi^retohelpeachother.

E.HowcanyoipaiHt^agoc^^seekingtrainingpartner"notice?

F.Justacceptyourdifferencesandlearntoworkwitheachother.

G.Anynoticeforatrainingpartnershouldincludesuchinformation.

【解析】39.Go空處位于段尾，應(yīng)該是總結(jié)性的句子，上文列出了尋找鍛煉伙伴的布告所要包括的信息。

所以G項(xiàng)“任何尋找鍛煉伙伴的布告都應(yīng)包括這些信息”總結(jié)上文，符合語(yǔ)境。G項(xiàng)中的notice是本段第二

句中notice的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選Go

【解析】40.Fo根據(jù)上文“Youandyourpartnerwillprobablyhavedifferentskills.n以及下文aOvertime,

bothofyouwillbenefit”可知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“接受你們的不同，學(xué)會(huì)彼此合作"符合語(yǔ)境。differentskills對(duì)應(yīng)F

項(xiàng)中的differences。故選F。

調(diào)研2:12021?全國(guó)乙卷】原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)awkwardness

Andwhataboutthatotherdinner-partykiller:awkwardsilence?Ifyou'refacedwithanawkwardsilenceata

dinnerparty,theonlythingthatalwaysgetseveryonetalkingagainistogivethehostacompliment（贊揚(yáng)）.

_40_.Justquicklyturnaroundandsay,“Thiscakeisextremelydeliciousandyouhavetotellmeallaboutit."（）

A.Howdoyouknowthehost

B.Thefirststepistogoexploring

C.Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere?”

D.Bepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangers

E.Orturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosay

F.Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon*tstoptalking

G.Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost

【解析】40.Go本段主要講面對(duì)“dinner-partykiller：awkwardsilence”（晚宴殺手：尷尬的沉默）時(shí)應(yīng)該怎

么辦。根據(jù)空前的"theonlythingthatalwaysgetseveryonetalkingagainistogivethehostacompliment（贊

揚(yáng)）”可知,解決辦法是贊揚(yáng)晚宴的主人，G項(xiàng)“Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthat

awkwardnessthemost”（他或她是最能感受到這種尷尬的人）符合語(yǔ)境。G選項(xiàng)中的“Heorshe”指代thehost,

“awkwardness”同義復(fù)現(xiàn)也是解題提示。故答案是Go

調(diào)研3:[2020全國(guó)I卷】同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)little—small

38.They'rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoadd

visualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,

smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.（）

D.Smallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe'remostfamiliarwith

E.It'snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpieces

F.Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttime

G.Colorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways

【解析】38.Do解此題可運(yùn)用詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法，該空后面的They*rethelittlespotsofcolor和D選項(xiàng)Smallcolor

choice是同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，所在段最后一句中的“smallcolorchoices”是D項(xiàng)“Smallcolorchoices”的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。

故答案是D。

調(diào)研4：【2021?全國(guó)甲卷】近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)“new”clothes=clothesingoodcondition

Invite5-10peoplesoyouhaveaniceselection.Lesspeoplethanthat,andtheremaynotbeenoughthingsto

choosefrom;morethanthat,anditbecomesuncontrollable.

_38_.Theyshouldalsoprepareplentyofreusablebagstocarrytheir"new"clotheshome.（）

A.Lesspeoplethanthat

B.Holdaclothingswap

C.Iftwopeoplearecompeting

D.Justkeepmusicplayingthroughout

E.Donatewhateverclothesareleftover

F.Haveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspots

G.Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition

【解析】39.Go本題考查近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。本段空白后“Theyshouldalsoprepareplentyofreusablebagstocarry

their6new9clotheshome.”講他們還應(yīng)準(zhǔn)備大量的可回收的袋子，來(lái)把“新”衣服帶回家。其中的“clothes”原

詞復(fù)現(xiàn)是解題提示，同時(shí)“new”表明衣服應(yīng)該是好的，對(duì)應(yīng)G選項(xiàng)中的“clean”“ingoodcondition”。

調(diào)研5：【2021?全國(guó)甲卷】反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)morethan=lessthan

Asuccessfulswapdependsontheselectionofclothes,theorganizationoftheevent,and,obviously,how

muchfunishad.It*sreallyeasytodo!Hereareafewpointers.

?Invite5-10peoplesoyouhaveaniceselection.—37—，andtheremaynotbeenoughthingstochoose

from;morethanthat,anditbecomesuncontrollable.

A.Lesspeoplethanthat

B.Holdaclothingswap

F.Haveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspots

G.Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition

【解析】37.Ao根據(jù)上文“Invite5-10peoplesoyouhaveaniceselection."和下文“andtheremaynotbe

enoughthingstochoosefrom;morethanthat,anditbecomesuncontronable.”可知空白處應(yīng)是針對(duì)下文中

的“morethanthat”提出的相反的假設(shè)，即少于一定數(shù)量的人。A項(xiàng)“Lesspeoplethanthat”和下文中“more

thanthat”相對(duì)，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)。

技法二代詞指代法

代詞指代主要是指代前面提及的名詞（短語(yǔ)）或

一旬子，并弄清代詞指代的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)名詞

it指代單數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞或整個(gè)句子

代they/them指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞

詞one泛指單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞

指運(yùn)用代

ones泛指復(fù)數(shù)名詞

代詞的指

特指單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞

法that

代意義

this特指單數(shù)名詞或句子

these/〔hose特指復(fù)數(shù)名詞

-（結(jié)合指代意義和單復(fù)數(shù)巧妙解題）

調(diào)研1:【2022?全國(guó)甲卷】MakingRequests

39.InPortugal,thiswouldbeaseriousmistake,becauseitshowsthechefthatyoudon'tliketheir

seasoningskills.Similarly,iiiItaly,neveraskforextracheesetoaddtoyourfood.

Someoftheseculturalliningetiquetterulesmayseemrandomandstrange,buttheyareimportantinvarious

countries.40,themorecomfortableyou'llbegintofeelwitjutsforeignculturalpractices.

A.Themorefriendsyoimakeinyour

B.Themoretimeyous）endinanygivencountry

C.Mexicansconsideritinappropriatetoeatwithutensils

D.Don'tgetcaughtmakinganembarrassingmistakeatarestaurant

E.It'sagoodsignfort|?chefifyoumakeamessaroundyourplate

F.Neverstickthemuprightinyourfoodorcrossthemasyouusethem

G.Itmayseemlikeasimplerequesttoaskforsaltandpepperatameal

【解析】39.G。根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題可知，本段主要講述的是用餐時(shí)提請(qǐng)求的問(wèn)題。根據(jù)下文“InPortugal,this

wouldbeaseriousmistake,becauseitshowsthechefthatyoudon'tliketheirseasoningskills.”可知,G項(xiàng)（吃

飯時(shí)要鹽和胡椒看似一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的請(qǐng)求）符合此處語(yǔ)境，下文中的代詞this指的就是此項(xiàng)中的"。askforsalt

andpepperatameal”。且該選項(xiàng)中的request是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選Go

【解析】40.Bo根據(jù)下文“themorecomfortableyou'llbegintofeelwithitsforeignculturalpracticesw可推

知，此處指在一個(gè)國(guó)家待得越久，就會(huì)越習(xí)慣當(dāng)?shù)亓?xí)俗，且此處是“the+比較級(jí)…，the+比較級(jí)…”結(jié)構(gòu)，

B項(xiàng)符合文意，引出下文。且下文的代詞its指的就是該項(xiàng)中的anygivencoimtiy。故選B。

調(diào)研2:[2019全國(guó)I^^J^ecently,peoplehavebegunstudyingtheconnectionbetweenthenaturalworldand

healing（治愈）.Vieseplacespatientscangotobenearnatureduringtheirrecovery.Itturnsoutthat

justlookingatgreen,growingthingscanreducestress,lowerbloodpressure,andputpeopleintoabettermood（情

緒）.Greeneryisgoodforus.Hospitalpatientswhoseetreebranchesouttheirwindowarelikelytorecoverata

fasterratethanpatientswhoseebuildingsorskyinstead.39Itgivesusagreatfeelingofpeace.

A.Freshaircleansourlungs.

B.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?

C.Beinginnaturerefreshesus.

D.Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.

E.Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?

F.Justasimportantly,wetendtoassociatefreshairwithhealthcare.

G.Allacrossthecountry,recoverycentershavebegunbuildingHealingGardens.

【解析】38.G。代詞線索題。本段空格后提到intheseplaces"在這些地方”可知，空格處應(yīng)該是某個(gè)地點(diǎn)。

此外，本段第一句提到研究人員在研究自然環(huán)境和疾病痊愈之間的關(guān)系，那么緊接著應(yīng)該要建立這種接近

自然的康復(fù)中心，因此選G。

【解析】39.C。代詞線索題?？崭窈蟮腎t就是突破點(diǎn)。從本段的intheseplaces一直到此空前，作者描述

了接近大自然的患者康復(fù)更快，再結(jié)合此空后“這給了我們平和寧?kù)o”可知，此處應(yīng)為總結(jié)句，描述大自

然的作用，因此選C。

調(diào)研3:12018全國(guó)I卷】Overthehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesigners

approachthisimportantpoint.37theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthere9rereallyonly

threekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelarge

38.They'rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoadd

visualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyour