計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ) 課件 Lesson 5 Internet of Things and Electronic Commerce

L5-1

Lesson5InternetofThingsandElectronicCommerceText1InternetofThings要點(diǎn)KeyPoints：IoT、M2M、CPSThing/item/objectAutonomous/automaticEmbedded/built-inSensor/actuatorIn……senseVarious/inavarietyTheInternetofThings(IoT)isthenetworkofphysicalobjects,suchasdevices,vehicles,buildingsandotheritemswhichareembeddedwithelectronics,software,sensors,andnetworkconnectivity,whichenablestheseobjectstocollectandexchangedata.TheInternetofThingsallowsobjectstobesensedandcontrolledremotelyacrossexistingnetworkinfrastructure,creatingopportunitiesformore-directintegrationbetweenthephysicalworldandcomputer-basedsystems,andresultinginimprovedefficiency,accuracyandeconomicbenefit.WhenIoTisaugmentedwithsensorsandactuators,thetechnologybecomesaninstanceofthemoregeneralclassofcyber-physicalsystems(CPS),whichalsoencompassestechnologiessuchassmartgrids,smarthomes,intelligenttransportationandsmartcities.EachthingisuniquelyidentifiablethroughitsembeddedcomputingsystembutisabletointeroperatewithintheexistingInternetinfrastructure.ExpertsestimatethattheIoTwillconsistofalmost50billionobjectsby2020.物聯(lián)網(wǎng)，又稱(chēng)傳感網(wǎng)，指的是將各種信息傳感設(shè)備，如射頻識(shí)別裝置、紅外感應(yīng)器、全球定位系統(tǒng)、激光掃描器等種種裝置與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)結(jié)合起來(lái)而形成的一個(gè)巨大網(wǎng)絡(luò)，其目的是讓所有的物與物都通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接在一起，方便識(shí)別和管理。thing、item和object都是用于泛指的詞，類(lèi)似于事物、東西、事項(xiàng)（item）等，可以是抽象邏輯（logical）上的，也可以是具體物理上（physical）的。An"object"isaphysicalitem.Itmeanssomethingyoucantouch.Ashirtisanobject,butanideaisnotanobject.A"thing"canbeanything.Aphysicalobject,anidea,asituation.BritishentrepreneurKevinAshtonfirstcoinedthetermin1999whileworkingatAuto-IDLabs(originallycalledAuto-IDcenters)，referringtoaglobalnetworkofRadio-frequencyidentification(RFID)connectedobjects.Typically,IoTisexpectedtoofferadvancedconnectivityofdevices,systems,andservicesthatgoesbeyondmachine-to-machinecommunications(M2M)andcoversavarietyofprotocols,domains,andapplications.Theinterconnectionoftheseembeddeddevices(includingsmartobjects),isexpectedtousherinautomationinnearlyallfields,whilealsoenablingadvancedapplicationslikeasmartgrid,andexpandingtotheareassuchassmartcities.“Things,”intheIoTsense,canrefertoawidevarietyofdevicessuchasheartmonitoringimplants,biochiptranspondersonfarmanimals,electricclamsincoastalwaters,automobileswithbuilt-insensors,DNAanalysisdevicesforenvironmental/food/pathogenmonitoringorfieldoperationdevicesthatassistfirefightersinsearchandrescueoperations.Thesedevicescollectusefuldatawiththehelpofvariousexistingtechnologiesandthenautonomouslyflowthedatabetweenotherdevices.Currentmarketexamplesincludesmartthermostatsystemsandwasher/dryersthatuseWi-Fiforremotemonitoring.Field田野、學(xué)術(shù)、工業(yè)領(lǐng)域（有內(nèi)容）Area區(qū)域、范圍，例如parkingareaZone比area更小的范圍Region可控的區(qū)域Autonomous自治的；自主的；自發(fā)的Automatic自動(dòng)的；無(wú)意識(shí)的；必然的Automobile汽車(chē)Automate動(dòng)autonomous（自主）和自動(dòng)（automatic）從哲學(xué)的角度沒(méi)有本質(zhì)上的區(qū)別，只是在技術(shù)上autonomous的自動(dòng)化程度更復(fù)雜一些，能在更大的程度上脫離人的干預(yù)。fromtheperspectiveofIoTL5-2

Lesson5InternetofThingsandElectronicCommerceText2NewTechnologies要點(diǎn)KeyPoints：難句分析與翻譯Aggregate/surge,burstExpand/addinto實(shí)時(shí)可擴(kuò)展性輕量數(shù)據(jù)傳輸、藍(lán)牙低能耗、光學(xué)標(biāo)簽、快速響應(yīng)碼、近場(chǎng)通訊以節(jié)能的方式

BesidestheplethoraofnewapplicationareasforInternet-connectedautomationtoexpandinto,IoTisalsoexpectedtogeneratelargeamountsofdatafromdiverselocationsthatisaggregatedveryquickly,therebyincreasingtheneedtobetterindex,storeandprocesssuchdata.IoTisoneoftheplatformsoftoday’sSmartCityandSmartEnergyManagementSystems.InternetofThingsrequireshugescalabilityinthenetworkspacetohandlethesurgeofdevices.IETF（InternetEngineeringTaskForce）6LoWPANwouldbeusedtoconnectdevicestoIPnetworks.Withbillionsofdevicesbeingaddedtotheinternetspace,IPv6willplayamajorroleinhandlingthenetworklayerscalability.IETF’sConstrainedApplicationProtocol,MQTTandZeroMQwouldprovidelightweightdatatransport.FogcomputingisaviablealternativetopreventsuchlargeburstofdataflowthroughInternet.Theedgedevices’computationpowercanbeusedtoanalyzeandprocessdata,thusprovidingeasyrealtimescalability.霧計(jì)算（fogcomputing）是云計(jì)算（cloudcomputing）的延伸概念，由思科（Cisco）首創(chuàng)。這個(gè)因“云”而“霧”的命名源自“霧是更貼近地面的云”這一名句。TherearemainlythreetypesoftechnologiesthatenableIoT:RFIDandNFC.Inthe2000s,RFIDwasthedominanttechnology.Later,NFCbecamedominant.NFChasbecomecommoninsmartphonesduringtheearly2010s,withusessuchasreadingNFCtagsorforaccesstopublictransportation.

Opticaltagsandquickresponsecodes.Thisisusedforlowcosttagging.AphonecameradecodesQRcodeusingimage-processingtechniques.InrealityQRadvertisementcampaignsgiveslessturnout（參與度）asusersneedtohaveanotherapplicationtoreadQRcodes.Bluetoothlowenergy.Thisisoneofthelatesttechnologies.AllnewlyreleasingsmartphoneshaveBLEhardwareinthem.Tag