高中英語(yǔ)北師大版（2019）選擇性必修第四冊(cè) Unit 11 Conflict And Compromise Lesson 1 Living In a Community 學(xué)案 (二)

Unit11Lesson1LivinginaCommunity重點(diǎn)單詞1.packvi.&vt.____________n.____________2.tankn.____________3.plugvt.____________4.complaintn.____________5.voten.____________6.resolutionn.____________7.warningn.____________8.ceasevi.&vt.____________9.propertyn.____________10.chorusn.____________11.departuren.____________12.prejudicedadj.____________13.bitteradj.____________14.____________adv.盡管如此；至少15.____________adj.偏僻的，偏遠(yuǎn)的16.____________n.邊緣，外圍17.____________vt.逮捕，拘捕；抑制；阻止18.____________n.（男裝）裁縫19.____________adj.禮貌而友善的，和藹可親的20.____________n.暴力行為，暴力21.____________adv.確實(shí)地22.____________vt.忍受；忍耐；容忍，容許；寬容23.____________adj.無(wú)提防之心的，無(wú)疑心的24.____________vi.&vt.（使）擔(dān)心，（使）生氣，（使）苦惱25.____________vi.&vt.回想，回憶起1.vi.&vt.（把......）打包n.包，包裹2.（儲(chǔ)存液體或氣體的）箱，罐3.把......塞住，堵塞；填塞4.投訴5.投票（指行為）；票數(shù)6.決定；解決7.警告，警示；告誡8.停止，終止，結(jié)束9.房產(chǎn)；所有物；財(cái)產(chǎn)10.齊聲；副歌；合唱團(tuán)11.離開；啟程12.有偏見的，有成見的，歧視的13.憤憤不平的；帶來(lái)痛苦的，令人難過的；苦的14.anyhow15.remote16.edge17.arrest18.tailor19.pleasant20.violence21.literally22.tolerate23.unsuspecting24.bother25.recall重點(diǎn)詞塊1.rockband_____________2.beintrouble_____________3.bedrivenmadby_____________4.afullnight’ssleep_____________5.從那時(shí)起_____________6.采取行動(dòng)_____________7.對(duì)......有偏見_____________8.在.......的邊緣_____________9.fishtank_____________10.hitsb.overthehead_____________11.oncetoooften_____________12.endup_____________13.inaflash_____________14.alargecrowdof_____________15.濕透_____________16.一次暴力行為_____________Keys:1.樂隊(duì)2.處于困境中；有麻煩3.被逼瘋4.整晚的睡眠5.fromthenon6.takeaction7.beprejudicedagainst8.ontheedgeof....9.魚缸10.擊打某人的頭部11.又一次；常常12.結(jié)束；告終13.剎那間；瞬間；立刻14.一大群15.bewetthrough16.anactofviolence重點(diǎn)句式1.Theflat-ownersaidifhehadknownthatMaMingwasadrummer,he_______________(不會(huì)把這個(gè)公寓租給他).(虛擬語(yǔ)氣）2.____________________________()isimportantforpeople’shealthand,aftersuchachorusofcomplaints,wehadtotakeaction.(動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ))3.Forthelasttwoweeks,sinceSmithmovedintotheflataboveus,we__________________(不敢去)ontoourbalcony.(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式)4.Sheaddedthatitwas____________thewaterfallingontotheirbalconyfromSmithwateringhisplantsthatbotheredthem,___________thewayhecleanedhisfishtanks.(不僅......而且......)1.wouldn’thaverentedtheflattohim2.Gettingenoughsleep3.darednotgo4.notonly;butalso課文預(yù)讀一、閱讀理解1.WhatcausedMaMing’sneighbourstodrivemadlateatnight?A.Singingsongs.B.Thenoiseofdrumming.C.Holdingparties.D.Complaintsfromotherpeople.2.OneneighbouralsoclaimedthatMaMinghadabadinfluenceonhis__________.A.sonB.daughterC.oldparentsD.wife3.WheredidthewriterfindMaMingtoknowmoreabouttheincident?A.InBeijing.B.InXi’an.C.InGuangzhou.D.InShanghai.4.WhospentaSaturdaynightinacellatlast?A.JamesMckay.B.KeithSmith.C.Laurence.D.MaMing.5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.JamesMckayis80yearsold.B.KeithSmithwashitovertheheadbyJamesMckaywithawalkingstick.C.KeithSmithmovedintotheflataboveJamesMckayabouttwoweeksago.D.JamesMckayisaretiredtailor,akeengardenerandastampcollector.1--5BADAD二、判斷正誤1.MaMingmovedoutofhisrentedflatbecauseofhisdrumminglateatnight.2.TheflatownerhadknownMaMing’sjobbeforeherentedhisflattoMaMing.3.Neighboursweren’thappyevenMaMingmovedoutofthisneighbour.4.Infact,Mckayisusuallyapeacefulandpleasantperson.5.Laurencedarednotgoontoherbalconybecausetherewassomethingscared.1--5TFFTF課堂新知講練詞匯拓講1.ceasevt.&vi.停止，終止，結(jié)束(P30)Wetoldhimthatheoughttoceasedrummingorleavetheproperty...【翻譯】我們告訴他，他應(yīng)該停止擊鼓，或者離開這個(gè)房子.......【用法詳解】ceasevt.&vi.停止，終止，結(jié)束Ithinkandthinkandcannotceasefromthinking.我想了又想，一直想個(gè)沒完。Imustaskyoutoceasetalkingagainstyourowncomrades.我請(qǐng)你不要講自己同志的壞話。Ceasetostruggleandyouceasetolive.生命不止，奮斗不息。（ThomasCarlyle/卡萊爾）也可用作名詞，意為“停止；停息”Weworkedwithoutceasetogettheprojectfinishedontime.我們不停地生產(chǎn)以便按時(shí)完成計(jì)劃。Theyworkedonwithoutcease.他們不停地工作下去?！疽谆毂嫖觥?.cease,pause,stop,halt,quit這些動(dòng)詞均含有“停止”之意。cease指逐漸、徐徐中止某種狀態(tài)的存在。書面用詞。pause指暫時(shí)的、瞬間的停頓，隱含有再進(jìn)行之意。stop指動(dòng)作、運(yùn)行、進(jìn)展等被停下來(lái)，含突然、斷然的意味。halt側(cè)重突然地、決定性地終止、停止某一活動(dòng)。quit指最終徹底停止某事，有時(shí)暗示遭到失敗或面臨挫折。2.break,rest,pause,interval,recess,cease,stop這些名詞均含有“中止，停止，休息”之意。break非正式用詞，指突然的或短時(shí)間的中止，如工作或活動(dòng)期間接短暫休息。rest指統(tǒng)稱的休息。pause指短暫的中斷或停止，含再進(jìn)行下去的意味。interval指一出戲在幕與幕之間，音樂會(huì)上下串場(chǎng)之間或演出中預(yù)先安排的休息；也可泛指事件之間的一段時(shí)間。recess正式用詞，指業(yè)務(wù)活動(dòng)或工作中短暫的或長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的休息。cease正式用詞，側(cè)重逐漸結(jié)束某活動(dòng)或狀態(tài)，含永遠(yuǎn)結(jié)束的意味。stop普通用詞，指迅速或突然中止某行為、活動(dòng)或狀態(tài)?！練w納拓展】ceaseanddesistorder結(jié)束和停止命令ceaselessadj.不斷的；不停的We

arenot

at

rest;

we

are

on

ajourney,our

life

is

a

movement,

a

tendency,

a

steady,

ceaselessprogress

towards

an

unseen

goal.我們不是在休息，我們?cè)诼猛局?。生命是一種運(yùn)動(dòng)，一種趨勢(shì)，一個(gè)穩(wěn)步、持續(xù)的通往一個(gè)未知目標(biāo)的過程。ceaselesslyadv.不斷地；不停地He,on

hischair,

scarcely

looksat

her

and

smokes

ceaselessly.

他坐在椅子上，不怎么看她，只是不停地抽煙?！踞槍?duì)練習(xí)】單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)Youcease_________(grow)onceyoustoplearning.(2)Thereisa__________(cease)strugglefromnoontonight.(3)The

papers

showed

"a

__________(cease)

quest

byscientists

overthe

centuries...totest

and

buildonour

knowledge

of

humankind

and

theuniverse."(4)Theorgan

works__________(cease),

beating

100,000

times

aday,40million

times

ayear—intotalclocking

upthreebillion

heartbeats

over

anaverage

lifetime.

完成句子(5)Thegeneralorderedhistroops_________________________.那位將軍命令他的軍隊(duì)?；稹?6)Ithinkandthinkand__________________________________.我想了又想，一直想個(gè)沒完。(7)Everyonehopesthattomorrow'snegotiation__________________________________.每個(gè)人都希望明天的談判可以停止這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。Keys:(1)togrow(2)ceaseless(3)ceaseless(4)ceaselessly(5)toceasefire(6)cannotceasefromthinking(7)willceasetheplaintn.投訴(P30)Hemovedoutofhisrentedflataftercomplaintsfromhisneighboursaboutdisturbingthepeace.【翻譯】在接到鄰居們關(guān)于擾亂安寧的投訴下，他搬離了租居的公寓?！居梅ㄔ斀狻縞omplaintn.投訴There'sbeenarecordnumberofcomplaintsaboutthestandardofservice.已有對(duì)服務(wù)水準(zhǔn)的創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄數(shù)量的投訴。They

argued

him

intowithdrawinghis

complaint.

他們說服他撤回了投訴。We

havebeenbombarded

with

letters

of

complaint.

我們接二連三收到了大批的投訴信件。complaint還可以意為“訴苦；疾病；委屈”；其復(fù)數(shù)形式為complaints。Mymaincomplaintisthatwecan'tgooutontheracecourseanymore.我抱怨的主要緣由是我們無(wú)法再去外面的賽道了。Eczemaisacommonskincomplaintwhichoftenrunsinfamilies.濕疹是一種常見的皮膚病，常會(huì)遺傳?！練w納拓展】acomplaintabout...投訴.......；對(duì).......抱怨lodgeacomplaint投訴；對(duì).......提出控告complaintcenter投訴中心makeacomplaintabout...對(duì).......提出投訴；抱怨......complainthandling投訴處理chiefcomplaint（法律）主訴complaintshotline投訴電話；投訴熱線complaintsandclaims申訴與索賠，投訴與索賠【針對(duì)練習(xí)】單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)Peoplehavebeenreluctanttomakeformal_____________(complaint)tothepolice.(2)If

you

wantto

make

____________(complaint),you'dbetter

follow

the

correct

procedure.(3)There'sbeenarecordnumberof_____________(complaint)aboutthestandardofservice.完成句子(4)Thefood

wasexcellent—I

had______________________________________.

飯菜好極了，我沒理由抱怨。(5)Thetransport

service

and

__________________

12328hasbeenputintouse.

12328交通運(yùn)輸服務(wù)監(jiān)督電話全面開通。If

you

______________________________________your

holiday,

please

inform

us

in

writing.

如果你對(duì)你的假期有意見，請(qǐng)以書面形式告知我們。(7)I

wishto

______________________________________

a

camera

which

I

bought

atyourplace

a

weekago.

我要對(duì)我一周前從貴處購(gòu)買的一臺(tái)照相機(jī)提出投訴。(8)Inview

of

this,

I

have

decidedto

_______________________________________________

your

delivery

service.

有鑒于此，我已決定把對(duì)您的送貨服務(wù)正式投訴。(9)Inaccordancewith

specific

conditions,

____________________________

maybe

madeto

theexporter,

importer,

insurance

company

or

shipping

company.

根據(jù)具體情況，抱怨和索賠可向出口商、進(jìn)口商、保險(xiǎn)公司或運(yùn)輸公司提出。Keys:(1)complaints(2)acomplaint(3)complaints(4)no

causefor

complaint(5)complaints

hotline(6)havea

complaint

about(7)make

a

complaint

about(8)make

a

formal

complaint

against(9)complaints

and

claims3.departuren.離開，起程(P30)MaMing’sdeparturehaspleasedhisneighbours.【翻譯】馬明的搬離，讓他的鄰居們高興起來(lái)了?！居梅ㄔ斀狻縟eparturen.離開，起程復(fù)數(shù)形式為departures。His

departure,

infact,went

almost

unremarked.

事實(shí)上，他的離去幾乎沒被注意到。A

computer

screen

shows

arrival

and

departure

times.

電腦屏幕顯示出到達(dá)和離開的時(shí)間。Withinninety

minutes

theship

was

readyfor

departure.

90分鐘內(nèi)輪船就準(zhǔn)備好了出發(fā)。departure也可以表示“違背”。Suchamovewouldhavebeenastartlingdeparturefromtradition.這一舉措原本會(huì)是對(duì)傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗驚人的背離。departvi.離開；出發(fā)，起程；違反；去世adj.逝世的Flight43willdepartfromDenverat11:45a.m.andarriveinHonoluluat4:12p.m.43號(hào)航班將于上午11:45從丹佛起飛，并于下午4:12到達(dá)檀香山。InthemorningMr.McDonalddepartedforSydney.麥克唐納先生早上起程去了悉尼。departedadj.已故的；過去的，以往的Apartfrom

that

apartment,

the

departed

department

leader

waspartly

partialto

this

one.

除了那套公寓外，已故系領(lǐng)導(dǎo)還有點(diǎn)偏愛這一套。【歸納拓展】departurefrom離開；違反；違背pointofdeparture出發(fā)地departuretime出發(fā)時(shí)間；撤離時(shí)間；起飛時(shí)間departuredate啟程日期；離開日期departurepoint出發(fā)點(diǎn)；啟程點(diǎn)；起航點(diǎn)anewdeparture新政策；新方針departuregate登機(jī)口airportofdeparture始發(fā)站；起運(yùn)機(jī)場(chǎng)portofdeparture起運(yùn)港；出發(fā)港【針對(duì)練習(xí)】單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)Thereare

120

arrivals

and

_________(depart)

everyday.

(2)_________(depart)

fromherusualroutine,shetook

thebus

towork.

(3)She

waiteduntil

thelast

of

theguests

_______________(depart).

(4)His

courage

forsook

him

as

he

knelt

andsaid

aprayer

for

his

_________(depart)

friend.

完成句子(5)She

_________________

thetext

to

tell

an

anecdote.

她脫離課文扯到一段軼事上去了。(6)And

I

know

it

isjust

__________________________________

forthenext

journey.

不過我清楚這才是另一段旅程的開始。(7)This

decision

represents

asignificant

_________________

previous

policy.

這個(gè)決定意味著在很大程度上脫離了原先的政策。(8)If

your

_________________

isnotin

it,

please

contact

us

forotherfares

and

schedules.

如果您的出發(fā)日期不在這段期間，請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)絡(luò)有關(guān)價(jià)錢及時(shí)間。(9)The

time

for

my

_________________

Japan

wasdrawingnearer

everyday.

我離開日本的時(shí)間一天天臨近了。Keys:(1)departures(2)Departing(3)haddeparted(4)departed(5)departed

from(6)a

point

of

departure(7)departure

from(8)departure

date(9)departure

fromanyhowadv.(非正式)盡管如此；至少(P30)Anyhow,I’mnowlookingforaremotehouseontheedgeofthecity【翻譯】盡管如此，我正在這個(gè)城市的邊遠(yuǎn)的地方選擇一個(gè)偏僻的房子?！居梅ㄔ斀狻縜nyhowadv.(非正式)盡管如此；至少"Thanks

verymuch

anyhow."—"It'sapleasure."

“無(wú)論如何，非常感謝你。”—“不客氣?！盇nyhow

you

must

finish

this

work

today.

你今天總要完成這項(xiàng)工作吧。It'sprettynearly

pitch

dark

now,

anyhow;andthere

oughtto

be

a

bit

of

a

moon

later.

不管怎么說，現(xiàn)在天差不多全黑了；過一會(huì)兒應(yīng)該會(huì)有點(diǎn)月亮的?！練w納拓展】表示“不管怎樣”、“總之”、“反正”等義，anyhow可放在句首或句末。該用法的實(shí)質(zhì)意思是。如：前面所說過的某情況并不重要，重要的是下面要說的話。如：Itwasraining,butIdidn’twanttogooutanyhow.天正下著雨，不過我本來(lái)就不想出去。

Whataterribleexperience!Anyhow,you’resafe,that’sthemainthing.多么可怕的經(jīng)歷!但是你現(xiàn)在平安無(wú)事，這比什么都好。表示“無(wú)論如何”、“不管以什么方式”，anyhow可放在句首或句末。如：I’vetried,butIcan’topenitanyhow.我已經(jīng)試過了，但無(wú)論如何也打不開。Anyhow,Iwillseeyoutonight.

無(wú)論如何，今天晚上我要見你。表示“隨隨便便”(=carelessly)。如：Theworkwasdoneallanyhow.這工作做得很馬虎。這工作做得很馬虎。Heleaveshisbooksaboutanyhow.他把書隨便到處丟著。

【易混辨析】any和anyhow的區(qū)分1.anyhow

作副詞時(shí)，意思是“無(wú)論如何，不論用何種方法；馬馬虎虎”，多用于英國(guó)英語(yǔ)。He

would

go

in

andsee,

anyhow.

無(wú)論如何，他要回去看看情況。2.anyway作副詞時(shí)，意思是“不管怎樣，無(wú)論如何”，多用于美國(guó)英語(yǔ)。Idon'tknowwhyIsettledonMiami,butanywayIdid.我不知道為什么我落戶到了邁阿密，但不管怎樣我做了?！踞槍?duì)練習(xí)】選用anyway或anyhow填空(1)I

don't

know

why

I

settled

onMiami,

but

________

I

did.

(2)________,

theonly

thing

I

evergot

from

him

was

a

birthday

card

when

I

was

ten.

完成句子(3)________,

you

knowhow

Lige

isabout

hissupper.

不管怎樣，你知道的，利格非常在意晚餐。(4)The

wholething's

academic

now—we

can't

win

________.

現(xiàn)在這一切都是紙上談兵—反正我們贏不了。Keys:(1)anyway(2)Anyhow(3)Anyhow(4)anyway5.remoteadj.偏僻的，偏遠(yuǎn)的(P30)Anyhow,I’mnowlookingforaremotehouseontheedgeofthecity【翻譯】盡管如此，我正在這個(gè)城市的邊遠(yuǎn)的地方選擇一個(gè)偏僻的房子【用法詳解】remoteadj.偏僻的，偏遠(yuǎn)的Themedicinewasflowntotheremotearea.藥品被空運(yùn)到那個(gè)偏遠(yuǎn)的地區(qū)。Theylivedinaremotemountainvillage.他們住在一個(gè)偏僻的山村。Aremotebellistolling.遠(yuǎn)處的鐘聲響起。remote還可以表示“（時(shí)間）遙遠(yuǎn)的，久遠(yuǎn)的”Thelegendgoesbacktoremoteantiquity.這個(gè)傳說可以追溯到遙遠(yuǎn)的過去。Thathappenedintheremotepast.那發(fā)生在久遠(yuǎn)的過去。也可以表示“（在血統(tǒng)，因果等方面）關(guān)系疏遠(yuǎn)的”Muchnewknowledgeisremotefromtheimmediateinterestoftheordinaryperson.許多新知識(shí)與普通人目前的利益關(guān)系甚遠(yuǎn)?！斑h(yuǎn)程的，遠(yuǎn)程連接的”也可以用remote來(lái)表示Anexistingconnectionwasforciblyclosedbytheremotehost.遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī)強(qiáng)迫關(guān)閉了一個(gè)現(xiàn)有的連接。還可以表示：不很友好的，冷漠的；絕少的；微乎其微的Shewasasilentgirl,coolandremote.她是一個(gè)沉默寡言的女孩，對(duì)人冷漠而孤傲。Idon'thavetheremotestideawhatyou'retalkingabout.你在說什么我一點(diǎn)都不懂。Thereisstillaremotechancethattheywillfindheralive.他們?nèi)匀挥幸痪€希望能把她活著找到。remotelyadv.遙遠(yuǎn)地；偏僻地；（程度）極微地，極輕地Wehadneverseenanythingremotelylikeitbefore.我們以前從未見過同它有絲毫相似的東西。remotenessn.遙遠(yuǎn)；偏僻；細(xì)微；時(shí)間久遠(yuǎn)There

is

water

forcooling,

fast

fibre-optic

links,

and

the

remoteness

provides

security.

那里有可以用來(lái)冷卻的水、高速光纖連接而且遙遠(yuǎn)的距離提供了更多的安全?！疽谆毂嫖觥縟istant,far,remote這些形容詞都含有“遠(yuǎn)的”之意。distant語(yǔ)意最強(qiáng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)距離。far除特殊情況外，側(cè)重長(zhǎng)距離。也可用作引申意義。remote側(cè)重指離中心地有利的地方很遠(yuǎn)?！練w納拓展】remotecontrol遙控,遙控裝置,遙控操作remotestation遠(yuǎn)距端機(jī)裝置，對(duì)方站remoteterminal遠(yuǎn)程終端(設(shè)備)【針對(duì)練習(xí)】單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)We

hadnever

seen

anything

_________(remote)

like

it

before.

(2)His

_________(remote)

made

her

feel

unloved.

(3)Themost

serious

attacks

are

performed

_________(remote)

using

only

IP

connectivity.

完成句子(4)Itworksby

__________________.它通過遙控工作。(5)Thathappened____________________________________.那發(fā)生在遙遠(yuǎn)的過去。(6)Theylivedin____________________________________.他們住在一個(gè)偏僻的山村。(7)Thebombwasexplodedby__________________.這顆炸彈是遙控引爆的。(8)Transport

and

communicationslinks

have

takenaway

the

___________________________

felt

bypastgenerations.

交通和通訊已經(jīng)消除了過去幾代人心中的偏僻感。Keys:(1)remotely(2)remoteness(3)remotely(4)remotecontrol(5)intheremotepast(6)aremotemountainvillage(7)remotecontrol(8)senseofremoteness5.pleasantadj.禮貌而友善的，和藹可親的(P31)Mckay’swife,Laurencesaidthat,whileMckayisusuallyapeacefulandpleasantperson,hehadbeendriventothisactofviolencebyliterallygettingwetjustoncetoooften.【翻譯】麥凱的妻子，勞倫斯說，然而，麥凱通常是一個(gè)安靜又友善的人，這次暴力確實(shí)是由之前多次被淋濕而逼迫所致。【用法詳解】pleasantadj.禮貌而友善的，和藹可親的Pleasereleasethatpleasantpeasantteaserwhobringsusplentyofpleasure.請(qǐng)釋放那個(gè)帶給我們巨大快樂的友好的農(nóng)民逗趣者。Throughoutthemeal,shewasextremelypleasant.一頓飯吃下來(lái)，她都和善極了。pleasant也可以表示“令人愉快的，吸引人的”Thiswasanewandpleasantrevelation.這是一個(gè)令人愉快的新的啟示。Hervoicehasapleasanttone.她的聲音有一種悅耳的聲調(diào)。His

songs

areoften

both

hypnotic

andreassuringly

pleasant.

他的歌聲常常在催人入眠的同時(shí)又使人放松愉悅?！練w納拓展】pleasantsensation快感haveapleasantjourney一路順風(fēng)pleasantlyadv.

愉快地；和藹地，親切地；友好地Time

wore

on

pleasantly,

andlikewise

smoothly,onthewhole.

總的來(lái)說，日子過得很愉快，也很順利。pleasantlysurprised驚喜pleasantlycool清爽宜人pleasantnessn.愉快，快樂；和藹可親Participants

were

askedto

ratethe

age

of

the

face,the

attractiveness

of

the

face,

and

the

pleasantness

of

the

odor.

參與者們被要求評(píng)判年齡、面部魅力指數(shù)和氣味的好聞程度?！疽谆毂嫖觥縣appy,glad,cheerful,joyful,merry,delightful,gay,pleasant,nice這些形容詞均含“愉快的，高興的”之意。happy側(cè)重感到滿足、幸?；蚋吲d。glad最普通用詞，語(yǔ)氣較弱，表示禮貌的慣用語(yǔ)。指樂于做某事或因某事而感到滿足，常表愉快的心情。cheerful多指因內(nèi)心的愉快而表現(xiàn)出興高采烈，是強(qiáng)調(diào)而自然的感情流露。joyful語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)心情或感情上的欣喜。merry指精神情緒的暫時(shí)高漲，表示歡樂、愉快的心境或情景，側(cè)重充滿歡笑聲和樂趣。delightful指能帶來(lái)強(qiáng)烈的快樂，激起愉快的情感，用于非常愉快的場(chǎng)合。gay側(cè)重?zé)o憂無(wú)慮、精神昂揚(yáng)、充滿生命的快樂。pleasant側(cè)重給人以“賞心悅目”或“愉快的，宜人的”感受。nice語(yǔ)氣較溫和，泛指任何愉快或滿意的感覺?！踞槍?duì)練習(xí)】單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)She

remembered

the

___________(pleasant)

ofthe

evening.

(2)"There,

sit

down,

sit

down,"

said

theRat

___________(pleasant),"andgoon

withyour

porridge."

完成句子(3)Springis___________________________.春季宜人。(4)Wehad___________________________.我們度過了一段愉快的時(shí)光。(5)Spring

temperaturesarecomfortably

warm,and

fall

temperatures

are

____________________.

春天溫暖宜人，秋天涼爽泌心。(6)People

are

very

__________________bybirthday

and

anniversary

cards

because

it

is

sosweet

ofsomeone

tohaveremembered.

人們?cè)谑盏缴栈蛑苣昙o(jì)念卡片時(shí)總是倍感驚喜，因?yàn)楸蝗藪炷钍羌鹈鄣氖虑椤eys:(1)pleasantness(2)pleasantly(3)apleasantseason(4)apleasanttime(5)pleasantlycool(6)pleasantlysurprised6.recallvi.&vt.回想，回憶起(P31)“ItwasJame’sbirthday,”Laurencerecalled,“anditwassuchabeautifulnighttoenjoythestarrynightoutside...”【翻譯】“那時(shí)是詹姆的生日，” 勞倫斯回憶道，“也是欣賞戶外星空的一個(gè)美好的夜晚......”【用法詳解】recallvi.&vt.回想，回憶起Ican'trecallhowtodoit.我回憶不起這是怎么做的了。Icanrecallstoriesthatmymothertoldmeyearsago.母親多年前給我講的故事，我仍能記得。HendersonrecalledthathefirstmetPollardduringabusinesstriptoWashington.亨德森記起他是在一次去華盛頓出差的途中第一次與波拉德結(jié)識(shí)的。【歸納拓展】recallableadj.可回憶的；可召回的；可撤銷的recalltolife使蘇醒；翻譯recallsb.tolife使蘇醒beyondrecall不可挽回；不能記起recallfrom從.......處召回recalltomind回想起；回憶起；記得【易混辨析】memorize,remember,recall,recollect,remind這些動(dòng)詞均有“記憶，記住，回憶”之意。memorize指有意識(shí)的下功夫把某事的整個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)都記在腦子里。remember含義較廣，多指無(wú)意識(shí)地回憶起往事，也可指通過主觀努力去記憶。recall比remember文雅，指想方設(shè)法回憶已經(jīng)遺忘之事。recollect指在記憶中搜索，設(shè)法想起一時(shí)想不起的事情或人，強(qiáng)調(diào)過程。remind指經(jīng)某人或某事的提醒而回憶起某件已遺忘之事。【針對(duì)練習(xí)】單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)

He

tried________________(recall)

the

layout

of

thefarmhouse.

(2)Theywere

paid

only

an

averageworker's

wage

andwere

_____________(recall)

atanytime.(3)"I

wasso

heartbrokenwhen

I

saw

him,

I

cannot

describeit."said

his

elder

brother,Xu

Linfu,________________(recall)

his

first

visit

there,in2007.

完成句子(4)It

is

a

decision

__________________.

那是一項(xiàng)無(wú)法挽回的決定。(5)Cigarette

is

thebest

__________________

those

beautiful

details.

煙是對(duì)那些美好細(xì)節(jié)的緬懷。(6)On

my

way

home

I

began__________________

the

past.

回去的路上，我便開始回想。(7)I

__________________

___________________________whereI

haveseen

her

before.

我想不起來(lái)以前在哪兒見過他。Keys:(1)torecall(2)recallable(3)recalling(4)beyond

recall(5)recall

to(6)to

recall

(7)cannot

recall

to

mind句式解讀1.(P30)Theflat-ownersaidifhehadknownthatMaMingwasadrummer,hewouldn’thaverentedtheflattohim.【翻譯】這個(gè)公寓的主人說，如果他早知道馬明是一個(gè)鼓手，就不會(huì)把這套公寓出租給他了?！究键c(diǎn)提煉】if在此表示“如果”，hehadknownthatMaMingwasadrummer是表示過去的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。【歸納拓展】1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況，其句型為“if+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過去式（be動(dòng)詞用were），主語(yǔ)+would/could/might/should+動(dòng)詞原形”。如：Iftheweatherwerefine,wewouldgotoShanghai.如果天氣好，我們就去上海。（事實(shí)上天氣不好）Iftheyhadtime,theywould/could/mightgowithme.如果他們有時(shí)間，他們就會(huì)（可能）和我一起去。2.表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況。其句型為“if+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過去完成式，主語(yǔ)+would/could/should/might+have+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”。如：IfIhadtakenhisadvice,Ishouldn't/wouldn't/couldn'thavemadesuchamistake.如果我按照他的建議去做，我一定不會(huì)（不可能）犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤。3.表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反的假設(shè)和結(jié)果，其句型為“if+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過去式/should+動(dòng)詞原形/wereto+動(dòng)詞原形，主語(yǔ)+would/could/might/should+動(dòng)詞原形”。如：Theglasswouldbreakifyoudroppedit.杯子摔下來(lái)會(huì)打破的。（事實(shí)上沒有摔下來(lái)）Ifitshouldrain,thecropswould/could/mightbesaved.假如天下雨，莊稼就一定（有可能）會(huì)得救?！踞槍?duì)練習(xí)】完成句子(1)IfIhadreadthebook,I______________________youaboutit.如果我已經(jīng)讀了這本書，我會(huì)告訴你關(guān)于它的內(nèi)容的。(2)Ifhestudiedatthisschool,he_______________theenvironmentaroundtheschoolverymuch.如果他在這所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)的話，他會(huì)很了解周邊環(huán)境。(3)Ifhe______________________HarvardUniversity,hewouldmakefulluseofhistime.如果他要上哈佛大學(xué)的話，他就會(huì)充分利用他的時(shí)間了。Keys:(1)wouldhavetold(2)wouldknow(3)shouldgoto2.(P30)Gettingenoughsleepisimportantforpeople’shealthand,aftersuchachorusofcomplaints,wehadtotakeaction.【翻譯】獲得充分的睡眠對(duì)人們的健康很重要，而且，在這樣一系列的抱怨之后，我們不得不采取行動(dòng)。【考點(diǎn)提煉】Gettingenoughsleep是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，在本句中充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is的主語(yǔ)?！練w納拓展】動(dòng)名詞是英語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式的一種，起名詞的作用。在動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)名詞還保留動(dòng)詞的屬性，如可以帶有自己的賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。

一、動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的幾種類型

動(dòng)名詞可以在句子中充當(dāng)名詞所能充當(dāng)?shù)亩喾N句子成分。在這里僅就動(dòng)名詞在句子中作主語(yǔ)的情況進(jìn)行討論。

動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)有如下幾種常見情況：

1.

直接位于句首做主語(yǔ)。例如：

Swimmingisagoodsportinsummer.

2.

用

it

作形式主語(yǔ)，把動(dòng)名詞(真實(shí)主語(yǔ))置于句尾作后置主語(yǔ)。

動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，不太常用

it

作先行主語(yǔ)，多見于某些形容詞及名詞之后。例如：

Itisnousetellinghimnottoworry.

常見的能用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞還有：better，wonderful，enjoyable，interesting，foolish，difficult，useless，senseless，worthwhile，等。

注意：important，essential，necessary

等形容詞不能用于上述結(jié)構(gòu)。

3.

用于“Therebe”結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：

Thereisnosayingwhenhe'llcome.很難說他何時(shí)回來(lái)。

4.

用于布告形式的省略結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：

Nosmoking(=Nosmokingisallowed(here)).

Noparking.

5.

動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)

當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)，?？梢栽谇懊婕由弦粋€(gè)名詞或代詞的所有格，構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(——這時(shí)，名詞或代詞的所有格做動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ))。動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)也可以在句中作主語(yǔ)。例如：

Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.

二、動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)的比較

動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可以用作主語(yǔ)。在意義上相近。但動(dòng)名詞多用來(lái)表示泛指或抽象動(dòng)作，不定式多用來(lái)表示特指或具體動(dòng)作。比較：

Smokingisnotgoodforhealth.

Itisnotgoodforyoutosmokesomuch.

注意：

1)在口語(yǔ)中，用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)位于句首的較不定式多見。

2)在“Itisnouse...”，“Itisnogood...”，“Itisfun...”，“Itisawasteof

time...”等句型中，通常用動(dòng)名詞作真實(shí)主語(yǔ)：

Itisnouse/good/awasteoftimetalkingaboutthat.

3)在疑問句中，通常用動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，而不用不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)：

Doesyoursayingthatmeananythingtohim?

4)在“Therebe”句型中，只能用動(dòng)名詞，而不能用不定式作主語(yǔ)：

Thereisnotellingwhatwillhappen.

5)當(dāng)句子中的主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)都是非限定動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要遵循前后一致的原則，主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)在形式上要求統(tǒng)一：

Seeingisbelieving.

（=Toseeistobelieve.）眼見為實(shí)?！踞槍?duì)練習(xí)】單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)__________(talk)

to

him

is

talking

to

a

wall.

(2)

__________(smoke)

may

cause

cancer.

(3)__________(Walk)

is

my

sole

exercise.

(4)__________(talk)

mends

no

holes.

完成句子(5)___________________________

is

a

pleasure.

和你一起工作是一種樂趣。(6)__________________isinteresting．爬山很有趣.(經(jīng)驗(yàn))

(7)___________________________duringtherushhouristiring．在高峰時(shí)刻開車令人厭煩.(經(jīng)驗(yàn))

(8)__________isprohibited(禁止)here．這里禁止抽煙.Keys:(1)Talking(2)Smoking(3)Walking(4)Talking(5)Working

with

you(6)Climbingmountains(7)Drivingacar(8)Smoking課文讀練專訓(xùn)一、課文語(yǔ)法填空MaMing,adrummerandbachelor,heldpartieseverynight,1.hascausedmanycomplaintsfromhisneighboursabout2.(lose)ofsleep.Theysaytheywerebeingdrivenmad3.(expose)tosuchnoise.Sincetheymovedintothebuilding,theyhave4.(rare)gotafullnight'ssleep.Theyevencouldn'tget5.(relax)orreadwithoutpluggingtheirears.Moreover,oneneighbourthinksMaMingis6.alcoholicandhadabadinfluence7.hisson.Finally,thelocalcounciltookaction.MaMinghadtoleavehis8.(furnish)apartment.His9.(depart)hasmadehisneighbours'lifereturn10.normal.Keys:1.which2.loss3.exposed4.rarely5.relaxed6.an7.on8.furnished9.departure10.to二、完成句子(1)Therefore,

trynot

to

______________________

anyone

just

becausehis

taste

is

differentfrom

yours.

(2)因此，不要只因別人與你品味不同就對(duì)他們懷有偏見。Lastmonth

I

______________________

with

thepolice.

(3)上個(gè)月我跟警察有些糾紛。Damming

the

river

benefiting

thosewho

need

it

theleast.

(4)在河上建大壩最終可能有利于那些最不需要大壩的人。The

answer

had

cometo

him

______________________.

(5)他一下子就有了答案。Firefighters

_______________

immediately

to

stop

theblaze

spreading.

消防隊(duì)員立即采取了行動(dòng)制止大火蔓延。Keys:1.be

prejudiced

against2.was

in

trouble3.may

end

up4.

in

a

flash5.took

action三、微寫作從前有個(gè)國(guó)家非常和諧并充滿正義(justice)。但是一場(chǎng)未預(yù)料的沖突(conflict)發(fā)生了，因?yàn)橛幸粋€(gè)大臣背叛了(betray)他的國(guó)家。沖突持續(xù)了三個(gè)月。最終國(guó)王和這個(gè)大臣達(dá)成協(xié)議(makeacompromisewith)，國(guó)王不得不把權(quán)力交給(handover)這個(gè)大臣。從那時(shí)起整個(gè)國(guó)家就處于(beexposedto)新的沖突和恐慌之中。許多人無(wú)法忍受，不得不離開他們的國(guó)家。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion:Onceacountrywasveryharmoniousandfullofjustice.Butanunexpectedconflict,whichlasted3months,brokeoutbecauseaministerbetrayedhiscountry.TheKinghadtomakeacompromisewiththeministeratlastandhandedoverpowertohim.Fromwhenthewholecountrywasexposedtonewconflictsandpanicsothatmanypeoplecouldn'tstandandhadtoleavetheirowncountry.突破語(yǔ)法【例句觀察】Police

had

to

breakup

thecrowd.I

couldn't

trust

him

anymore.You

ought

to

have

beenmore

careful.

You

don't

have

to

worryonthatthing.

She

dared

not

breatheawordofit

toanybody.

【我的領(lǐng)悟】以上每個(gè)句子中都含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。其中，_____________和___________是表示過去的意義。haveto用于否定句中時(shí)，前面要加___________。Keys:hadto,dared;助動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)法課堂情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一、定義情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是一種本身有一定的詞義,但要與動(dòng)詞原形一起使用，給謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞增添情態(tài)色彩，表示說話人對(duì)有關(guān)行為或事物的態(tài)度和看法，認(rèn)為其可能、應(yīng)該或必要等。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加動(dòng)詞原形。二、位置情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在句中放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前,

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前若有助動(dòng)詞,則在助動(dòng)詞之前,疑問句中,

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞則在主語(yǔ)之前。Icanseeyou.Comehere.我能看見你，過來(lái)吧。Hemusthavebeenaway.他一定走了。Howdareyoutreatuslikethat！你怎能那樣對(duì)待我們！三、用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化,

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面跟的動(dòng)詞需用原形,否定式構(gòu)成是在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加"not"。個(gè)別情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有現(xiàn)在式和過去式兩種形式,

過去式用來(lái)表達(dá)更加客氣,

委婉的語(yǔ)氣,

時(shí)態(tài)性不強(qiáng),

可用于過去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)時(shí)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞屬非及物動(dòng)詞，故沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有非謂語(yǔ)形式，即沒有不定式、分詞等形式。

Hecouldbeheresoon.他很快就來(lái)。Wecan'tcarrytheheavybox.我們搬不動(dòng)那箱子。Shedarenotsaywhatshethinks.她不敢說她所想的。四、幾個(gè)重要的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1.havetohaveto意為“必須，不得不”，意義與must相近。但must表示的是說話人的主觀看法，而haveto則往往強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要,有被動(dòng)接受的意思?？捎糜谶^去時(shí)態(tài)中；沒有疑問句形式，疑問句用must代替。其否定式為don’thaveto，表示不必。

I

havetogonow,becausemymotherisinhospital.現(xiàn)在我得走了，因?yàn)槲夷赣H還在醫(yī)院。

Mybrotherwasveryill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.我弟弟病得很厲害，我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請(qǐng)來(lái)。(客觀上需要做這件事)Theteachersaidthatthereweremanymistakesinmytestpaper,soIhadtogooveritagain.老師說我試卷中有很多錯(cuò)誤，所以我只好再檢查一遍。Youdon’thavetogothere.你不一定要去那里才行。dare用于表示“敢于”之意。做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，主要用于否定句、疑問句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中。過去式形式為dared。—Dareyoutellherthetruth?你敢告訴她真相嗎？

—Yes,

I

dare./No,

I

daren’t.是的，我敢/不，我不敢。Hedaren’tadmitthis.他不敢承認(rèn)這件事。HowdareyousayI’munfair?你怎么敢說我不公平呢？3.can/couldcan/could表示能力（體力、知識(shí)、技能）、可能。表示過去有能力時(shí)要用could。要表達(dá)具體某事實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能性時(shí)，不用can，需用could，may，might。表示請(qǐng)求，口語(yǔ)中常用could代替can，使語(yǔ)氣更委婉。用can和

may來(lái)回答，不能用could或might。Twoeyescanseemorethanone.

兩只眼比一只眼看得清。IcanspeakfluentEnglishnow,butIcouldn’tlastyear.我現(xiàn)在可以流利地說英語(yǔ)了，但是去年不行。Couldtheg