《創(chuàng)新大學(xué)英語綜合教程 學(xué)生用書3》電子教案-綜合教程第三冊教案Unit1

InnovationEnglishIntegratedCourseBook3UnitOneCompetitionandCooperationObjectivesStudentswillbeableto:Graspthemainidea(thatcooperationisbetterthancompetition.)andstructureofthetext(introductionofthetopicbythrowingaquestion;developmentofthearticlebyprovingtheimportanceofcooperationandlistingsomewaystofacilitatecooperation;conclusionofthearticlebyexpressingthevalueofcooperation);Appreciatehowtheauthorillustratesthevalueofcooperationbydrawingonvariousexamples;Acquirethekeylanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructuresinthetext;Participateinaseriesofreading,listening,speakingandwritingactivitiesrelatedtothethemeoftheunit.SuggestedTeachingStepsLead-inTextAWordStudySentenceStudyStructureAfter-readingAdditionalMaterialsLead-inDirections:Pleasewatchthevideoclipandanswerthequestions.Whatarethebenefitsandpossibleproblemsofcooperation?Wheniscompetitionappropriate?Tips:Benefits:mutualsupport,bettercommunication,betterperformance,lesstension,strongercohesionPossibleproblems:resistancetooutsideinfluenceandunhealthyagreementWhenthecompetitionisbetweentwoorganizations,itcanpromoteinnovation,reducecost,etc.TextA:Competitionvs.CooperationWhichworksbetter,competitionorcooperation?Theanswer,undoubtedly,iscooperation.Althoughmostpeoplearesurprisedbythis,scientistshaverepeatedlyverifieditinhundredsofstudiessincethelate1800s.Yetbigbusiness,theeducationalsystem,thehealth-carecommunity,andmostparentscontinuetoencouragecompetition,almosttotallyneglectingthepowerofcooperation.Noneofthesegroupsrealizesthatunabatedcompetitionmaybecostingbillionsofdollarsinsalesandoveralldecreasesinhumanachievement.Furthermore,researchershaveshownthattoomuchcompetitionmaycausepoorhealth.Yetwecontinuetoholdthecherishedbeliefthatcompetition(notcooperation),toparaphraseSigmundFreud,“istheroyalroadtosuccess.”(Explanation:Sentence1)Ifinfactcompetitionbringsoutthe“beast”inus,thenresearchdemonstratesthatcooperationsurelybringsoutthe“best”inus.(Explanation:Sentence2)Thisfindinghasbeenheldinvirtuallyeveryoccupation,skill,orbehaviourtested.Forinstance,scientistswhoconsiderthemselvescooperativetendtohavemorepublishedarticlesthantheircompetitivecolleagues.Cooperativebusinesspeoplehavehighersalaries.Fromelementarygradestocollege,cooperativestudentshavehighergradepointaverages.Personneldirectorswhoworktogetherhavefewerjobvacanciestofill.And,notsurprisingly,cooperationincreasescreativity.Unfortunately,mostpeoplehaveneverbeentaughtcooperativeskills.Itseemsthatcooperationhasanimpactonindividualsworkingtogetherinseveralkeyareas.Notonlydoesitcreateamorefluidleadership,butitallowseveryonetoparticipateactivelywithoutfearofcensure.(Explanation:Sentence3)Cooperationalsohasanimpactonanindividual’sperceptionoftheworkenvironment.Anotherareadirectlyimpactedbycooperationis,perhapssurprisingly,health.AfascinatingstudyconductedbytheCooperativeLearningCentertookastatisticallookatcompetitivehockeyplayers.(Explanation:Sentence4)Thestudyexaminedtherelationbetweencooperation/competitionandmentalandphysicalhealth.TheCenterevaluated57collegiateandsemi-professionalice-hockeyplayers(aged18-29years)tryingoutforthe1980Olympicteam.(Explanation:Sentence5)Usingsophisticatedpersonalitymeasuresandasocial-interactionscale,theresearchersfoundthatcooperationdoesmuchmorethanhelppeoplegetalong.(Explanation:Sentence6)Inthisstudy,themorecooperativeindividualswerebetteradjustedpsychologicallyandphysicallyhealthierthantheirmorecompetitivecolleagues.Itseemsthatcompetition,ortheconstantfeelingthatyouhavetoworkagainstsomething,hasunhealthyphysicalsideeffects.Cooperation,andotherpro-social/unselfishbehaviour,tendstohavepositivesideeffects.Aswitheverything,toomuchofagoodthingcanbeaproblem.Inthecaseofcooperation,aspsychologistspointout,toomuchcanleadto“group-think,”“yes-mansyndrome,”orinappropriateconformity.(Explanation:Sentence7)Althoughthere’snodoubtthatacooperativeenvironmentincreasesthenumberofideas,improvesthequalityoftheoutcome,andfacilitatesabetterworkingenvironment,cooperationmustbedoneinsuchawayastoprotecttheintegrityoftheprojectathand.(Explanation:Sentence8)Simplyput,cooperationistherule,butobjectivitymustbemaintained.(Explanation:Sentence9)Therearewaystofacilitatecooperation,whichhavethesameeffectsunderanycircumstances.Shareresourcesandinformation.Whenpeoplearevyingforknowledge,workspace,personnel,oranythingtohelpthemgetthejobdone,cooperationdecreases.Resourceexchange,however,encouragesonepersontoworkwithanother.Reinforceteamefforts.Ratherthanpraisingonepersonforajobwelldone,utilizeateamapproachtoproblemsolving.(Explanation:Sentence10)Whentheteamdoeswell,theentiregroupisrewarded.Thisminimizesindividualcompetition,andmaximizescooperation.Distributetherewardsequallyamonggroupmembers.Actcooperatively.Researchsupportsthefactthatindividualswhohavewitnessedacooperativeactwill“passiton,”sharingsomedegreeofcooperationwiththenextpersontheymeet.(Explanation:Sentence11)Anytimeyouhelpanotherpersonfeelbetter,youhaveincreasedtheprobabilitythatheorshewillbecooperativetowardyou.AsIsaksensummarizes,“Actionsspeaklouderthanwordsandencourageanotherpersontocooperatewithyou.”Foryourhealth’ssake,experiencecooperation.(Explanation:Sentence12)Makeitapointtonoticehowmuchbetteryoufeelwhenyoucooperatewithothers.(Explanation:Sentence13)Astheresearcherssuggest,onceyouexperiencethepositivefeelings,thereseemstobenootherwaytoworkexceptcooperatively.(Explanation:Sentence14)Inaddition,othereffectivewaysshouldnotbeoverlookedsuchasfocusingondoingwell,allowingampletime,usingsimilarlanguage,sharingleadership,learningcooperativeproblem-solvingtoolsandpracticingreciprocity.Inbrief,cooperationisavaluablecommodityandworksbestwhenitisfreelygivenandindirectlyencouraged.(Explanation:Sentence15)Itpromotesgoodwilltowardmenandwomen,andisagiftthatisalwaysappropriate.WordStudyWordStudy:Paraphraseparaphrasev.toexpressinashorter,clearer,ordifferentway解釋，意譯e.g.Pleaseparaphrasethefollowingpassageintotwoparagraphs.WeshouldgivefullconsiderationtothedifficultiesChinamightmeetinthisyear’sexport,yetthatcouldneverbeparaphrasedasneglectingorevenabandoningtheforeignmarket.WordStudy:Fluidfluidadj.likelytochange;notfixed靈活的，易變的e.g.MyholidayarrangementsarefluidandIcancomebacktoworkatanytime.WordsStudy:Censurecensuren.theactofexpressingstrongdisapprovalandcriticism指（譴）責(zé)，非難e.g.Thenewmovieonlyinvitedthecensureofmostoftheaudience.Somebookcriticsgivetheirpraiseorcensurewholesale.WordStudy:Conductconductvt.1)tocarryoutordirect進(jìn)行，實(shí)施e.g.Despitenumerousfailures,theycontinuedtoconducttheexperimentwithoutflagging.Weareconductingasurveyofconsumerattitudestowardsorganicfood.2)(~oneselfwell/badly)behaveinthespecifiedway（行為）表現(xiàn)e.g.Ithinkheconductedhimselfadmirably,consideringthedifficultcircumstances.n.1)aperson’sbehaviorinaparticularplaceorinaparticularsituation行為，品行e.g.Theprisonerwasreleasedearlybecauseofgoodconduct.2)thewayinwhichanactivityisorganizedandcarriedout指導(dǎo)（揮），管理e.g.Therewasgrowingcriticismofthegovernment’sconductofthewar.WordStudy:Statisticalstatisticaladj.oforrelatingtostatistics統(tǒng)計(jì)的；統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的e.g.Thestatisticaldatashowsthatthesalesinthefourthquarterhavedecreased.Theschoolplanstomakeasurveyofstudentsfromruralareasforstatisticalpurposes.WordStudy:Collegiatecollegiateadj.relatingtoacollegeoritsstudents大學(xué)的，大學(xué)生的e.g.EveryJune,eachteamgetstherighttoadmitthebestcollegiateplayersasprofessionals.Ithasestablishedcollegiaterelationswithmanyuniversitiesabroad.WordStudy:Sophisticatedsophisticatedadj.1)complicatedandadvancedindesign復(fù)雜的，精密的，尖端的e.g.Theoperationofthefactoryreliesonthehighlysophisticatedcomputersystems.Weshoulddevelopsophisticatedtechnologyinnationaldefense.2)havingalotofexperienceoflife,andgoodjudgmentaboutsociallyimportantthingssuchasart,fashion,etc.世故的，老練的，高雅時(shí)髦的e.g.Customersaregettingmoresophisticatedandmoredemanding.Ten-year-oldscanhaveahighlysophisticatedgraspofmoralityWordStudy:Facilitatefacilitatevt.tomakesth.easyoreasier;tohelp使容易（便利），促進(jìn)e.g.Computerscanbeusedtofacilitatelanguagelearning.Itwouldfacilitatemattersifyouweremorecooperative.WordStudy:Maintainmaintainv.1)tomakesth.continueinthesamewayoratthesamestandardasbefore保（維）持e.g.Ihopeyouwillmaintainyourrecentimprovement.Hetookthelead,andmaintainedituntiltheendoftherace.2)tokeep(sth.)ingoodconditionbymakingrepairstoitandtakingcareofit維修，保養(yǎng)e.g.Therailwaylineshavetobeconstantlymaintained.3)tocontinuetosaythatsth.istrue,evenifotherpeopledonotbelieveyou堅(jiān)持，主張e.g.Thismissilesystem,Bushmaintains,willprotecttheUSagainstso-calledroguestates.Shemaintainedherinnocencethroughoutthetrial.maintenancen.theactofkeepingsth.ingoodconditionbycheckingorrepairingitregularly維修，養(yǎng)護(hù)，保養(yǎng)e.g.Alotofthecostofmaintenancewentintorenewingbrakes.WordStudy:Witnesswitnessv.1)toseeornotice(sth.)bybeingpresentwhenithappens親眼看見，目擊e.g.Severaljournalistswitnessedtheincidentinwhicheightpeoplewereinjured.Ambulancecrewswitnessscenesliketheseeveryday.2)tobeasignorproofof表明，是······的證明e.g.Histearswitnessedtheshamehefelt.n.sb.whoispresentwhensth.happens,esp.acrimeoranaccident目擊者，證人e.g.Policehaveappealedtoanywitnessestocomeforward.WordStudy:CommodityCommodityn.1)athingthatisusefulorhasausefulquality有用（價(jià)值）的東西e.g.Waterisapreciouscommoditythatisoftentakenforgrantedintheworld.Ileadaverybusylife,sosparetimeisaverypreciouscommoditytome.2)aproductorarawmaterialthatcanbeboughtandsold商品，貨物e.g.Crudeoilistheworld’smostimportantcommodity.Thegovernmentincreasedpricesonseveralbasiccommoditieslikebreadandmeat.SentenceStudySentenceStudy1Yetwecontinuetoholdthecherishedbeliefthatcompetition(notcooperation),toparaphraseSigmundFreud,“istheroyalroadtosuccess”:However,westilldeeplybelievethatcompetitionisthewayofattainingsuccess,whichisanideaofSigmundFreud’s.【譯文】但我們?nèi)员в行拍睿瑘?jiān)信競爭（而非合作），用西格蒙德·弗洛伊德的話來說，“是通向成功的捷徑”。royalroad:shortcutortheshortestandeasiestway捷徑e.g.Theroyalroadtosuccessislearningfromotherpeople’sexperiences.SentenceStudy2Ifinfactcompetitionbringsoutthe“beast”inus,thenresearchdemonstratesthatcooperationsurelybringsoutthe“best”inus:Ifcompetitionactuallymakesour“beastcharacteristics”clear,researchshowsthatcooperationsurelycausesour“best”qualitiestobeseen.【譯文】如果競爭確實(shí)凸顯我們的“獸性”，那研究表明，合作會(huì)凸顯我們的“人性”。bring...out1)tomakesth.easiertosee,taste,notice,etc.使······顯現(xiàn)，引出e.g.Theincreasedresponsibilitybroughtoutherbestqualities.Thatfriendofhisseemstobringouttheworstinhim.2)topresent(anewproduct)tothepublic,introduceforsale推出（新產(chǎn)品），推銷e.g.Theyarebringingoutanewmodelofthecarnextyear.SentenceStudy3Notonlydoesitcreateamorefluidleadership,butitallowseveryonetoparticipateactivelywithoutfearofcensure:Withcooperation,leadershipwouldbecomemoreflexible,andeveryonewouldplayamoreactiverolewithoutfearofcriticism.【譯文】它不僅令領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式更為靈活，而且讓每個(gè)人毫無顧慮地積極參與其中。Noticetheinvertedwordorderinthestructureof“notonly…but(also)…”.e.g.NotonlydidIknowher,butIwasherbestfriend.Notonlyissheprettybutalsokind-hearted.NotonlydidIhearaboutit,butIsawit.SentenceStudy4AfascinatingstudyconductedbytheCooperativeLearningCentertookastatisticallookatcompetitivehockeyplayers:TheCooperativeLearningCenterlaunchedaveryinterestingstatisticalresearchoncompetitivehockeyplayers.【譯文】“合作學(xué)習(xí)中心”開展了一項(xiàng)有趣的調(diào)查，對(duì)愛競爭的冰球運(yùn)動(dòng)員進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析?！癱onducted”為過去分詞作定語，修飾“study”。句子的謂語動(dòng)詞是“tooka…lookat…”。SentenceStudy5TheCenterevaluated57collegiateandsemi-professionalice-hockeyplayers(aged18-29yearsold)tryingoutforthe1980Olympicteam:TheCentermadeanassessmentof57collegiateandsemi-professionalice-hockeyplayers(aged18-29)whowerecandidatestobechosenasplayersforthe1980Olympics.【譯文】中心評(píng)估了57名參加1980年奧運(yùn)選拔賽的高校和半職業(yè)冰球運(yùn)動(dòng)員（年齡從18至29歲不等）?！皌ryingoutfor”為現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，修飾句子的賓語“players”。tryoutfor:tocompeteforapositionorplaceinsomething,ortobeamemberofateam參加······的選拔，爭取參加e.g.Mostboystriedoutfortheschoolbasketballteam.Thoseplayersnotinitiallyselectedcanbeinvitedtotryoutforateamandaresometimessignedtoplayingcontracts.SentenceStudy6Usingsophisticatedpersonalitymeasuresandasocial-interactionscale,theresearchersfoundthatcooperationdoesmuchmorethanhelppeoplegetalong:Throughsophisticatedmeasuringofpersonalityandsocial-interaction,theresearchersfoundthatcooperationcanbringmanybenefitsbesideshelpingpeoplegetalong.【譯文】通過復(fù)雜的個(gè)性測量方法和社會(huì)計(jì)量，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，合作遠(yuǎn)不僅是有助人們?nèi)谇⑾嗵?。“using”為現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語，句子的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是“theresearchers…found…”。domuchmorethan:donotonly不僅僅是，多于e.g.Computerscandomuchmorethansolveproblemsinthescientificfield.Talkingwithpeoplecandomuchmorethanmakefriends.SentenceStudy7Inthecaseofcooperation,aspsychologistspointout,toomuchcanleadto“group-think,”“yes-mansyndrome,”orinappropriateconformity:Intermsofcooperation,psychologistsnotethattoomuchofitcanmakepeopleobeytherulesofthegroupwithoutcarefulconsiderationorpeoplecanalwaysaccepttheideasofthegroupandsay“yes”toanybody.【譯文】就合作而言，心理學(xué)家指出，太多合作會(huì)導(dǎo)致“群體思維”“人云亦云”或盲目跟風(fēng)。inthecaseof:sofaraswhoeverorwhateverisspecifiedisconcerned就······而言，關(guān)于e.g.Inthecaseofaphysicalchangenonewsubstanceisformed.Inthecaseofahighlyintelligentanimal,elementarytrainingiseasy.incase:ifithappensthat,ifitshouldhappenthat,lest假使，以防萬一e.g.Takeanumbrellaincaseitrains.inanycase:whateverhappensormayhavehappened,anyway,anyhow無論如何，不管怎樣e.g.Wehavetohelphertopaythedebtinanycase.innocase:undernocircumstances,never無論如何不，決不e.g.Innocaseshouldhebeallowedtogetupuntilheiscompletelyrecoveredfromhisillness.incaseof:ifwhateverisspecifiedshouldoccur萬一，假如發(fā)生e.g.Incaseoffire,breaktheglasstosoundthealarm.“Group-think”referstothephenomenonthatpeopleobeythegroup’srulesinappropriately.“Yes-mansyndrome”referstothebehaviourofalwayssaying“yes”toothers.SentenceStudy8Althoughthere’snodoubtthatacooperativeenvironmentincreasesthenumberofideas,improvesthequalityoftheoutcome,andfacilitatesabetterworkingenvironment,cooperationmustbedoneinsuchawayastoprotecttheintegrityoftheprojectathand:Itiscertainthatacooperativeenvironmentisbetterforincreasingthenumberofideas,improvingthequalityoftheoutcome,andfacilitatingabetterworkingenvironment,butcooperationshouldbecarriedoutsoastoprotectthecompletenessandpurposeofthepresentproject.【譯文】盡管合作的氛圍無疑能集思廣益，優(yōu)化成果，改善工作環(huán)境，但合作必須旨在完成當(dāng)前項(xiàng)目。makesure（ofsth./that.)athand:在手邊；即將到來e.g.Healwayskeptthepictureofhisgirlfriend’scloseathand.Asthesellingseasonisathand,lotsoffreshorderswillpourin.SentenceStudy9Simplyput,cooperationistherule,butobjectivitymustbemaintained:Toputitinasimpleway,cooperationistherule,butthestandardofobjectivitymustbemaintained.【譯文】簡而言之，合作是規(guī)則，但得遵從客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)?！皃ut”inthissentencemeans“toexpresssomethingusingwords”;forexample,“toputitbluntly”,“toputitmildly”or“toputitanotherway”.SentenceStudy10Ratherthanpraisingonepersonforajobwelldone,utilizeateamapproachtoproblemsolving:Insteadofsinglingoutonepersonforpraiseforagoodjob,adopttheviewthattheproblemsolvingisdonebyateam.【譯文】與其稱贊一個(gè)人的工作完成得漂亮，不如將問題的解決歸功于團(tuán)隊(duì)的力量。ratherthan:inpreferenceto,insteadof寧愿；而不e.g.Inanattempttoloseweight,hewalkstoworkratherthangoingbycar.Chryslershouldgointobankruptcyratherthanapproachthegovernmentforhelp.SentenceStudy11Researchsupportsthefactthatindividualswhohavewitnessedacooperativeactwill“passiton,”sharingsomedegreeofcooperationwiththenextpersontheymeet:Researchshowsthat,ifpeoplehaveseen,orbeenpartof,acooperativeact,theywillcontinuetobehaveinthiscooperativeway;theymaycooperatetosomedegreewiththenextpersontheymeet.【譯文】研究證實(shí)：目睹了合作行為的人會(huì)把這行為“傳遞”下去，和他們遇到的下一個(gè)人達(dá)成一定程度的合作?！癛esearchsupportsthefactthat…”是同位語從句，說明fact的具體內(nèi)容。SentenceStudy12Foryourhealth’ssake,experiencecooperation:Youshouldcooperatewithothersforthebenefitofyourhealth.【譯文】為了你的健康，去體驗(yàn)合作。forsb.’s/sth.’ssake:(=forthesakeof...)onaccountof,becauseof,forthebenefitof為了，因?yàn)閑.g.Maybelaterhewouldrealizethatallshehaddonewasforthechildren’ssake,notherown.Hehadlovedpoetryforbeauty’ssake.SentenceStudy13Makeitapointtonoticehowmuchbetteryoufeelwhenyoucooperatewithothers:Itisessentialtonoticethemorepleasantfeelingswhencooperatingwithothers.【譯文】留意同他人合作給自己帶來的樂觀情緒。makeitapointtodosth.:(=makeapointofdoingsth.)todosth.deliberately,evenwhenitinvolvesmakingaspecialeffort特意去做······，決心做······e.g.Ihavealwaysmadeitapointtovisitmymotheronherbirthday.Shemadeitapointtowritehomeonceaweek.Hemadeapointofthankingthehostessbeforehelefttheparty。SentenceStudy14Astheresearcherssuggest,onceyouexperiencethepositivefeelings,thereseemstobenootherwaytoworkexceptcooperatively:Theresearcherssuggestthatfromthemomentyouexperiencethepositivefeelings,theonlywaytoworkistoworkcooperatively.【譯文】研究表明，一旦你體驗(yàn)到合作的樂趣，合作幾乎就是唯一的工作方式了。as:conj.正如，如同e.g.Asisannouncedinthenewspapertoday,thetwolargegroupswillcooperateinextensivefieldsforafewyears.Asweknow,Beethovenisoneofthegreatestmusiciansinhistory.once:conj.assoonas,when一旦；當(dāng)······的時(shí)候e.g.Onceyougetusedtothenewjob,youwillhavenofurtherdifficulties.Ifthefactsoncebecomeknown,hewillbepunished.SentenceStudy15Inbrief,cooperationisavaluablecommodityandworksbestwhenitisfreelygivenandindirectlyencouraged:Brieflyspeaking,cooperationworksbestwhenitiswillinglygivenandencouragedindirectly.【譯文】簡而言之，合作是一種有價(jià)值的東西，只有樂于給予和間接鼓勵(lì)，合作才能發(fā)揮最好的效果。inbrief:inafewwords簡而言之e.g.Describe,inbrief,themainplotofthenovel.Inbrief,whatyouhavedonebenefitstheprogramalot.StructureDirections:Choosetheanswerthatbestcompleteseachsentenceoranswerseachquestion.1)Accordingtothetext,theeducationalsystemandmostparentsneglect______.A)thepowerofcompetition B)thepowerofcooperationC)thecostofdollars D)thedecreaseinhumanachievement2)Theresearchshowsthat______tendtobelesssuccessful.A)competitivecolleaguesB)personneldirectorswhoworktogetherC)participantswithoutfearofcensure D)creativeindividuals3)InthestudyconductedbytheCooperativeLearningCenter,themorecompetitiveindividuals______.A)werebetteradjustedpsychologically B)werehealthierphysicallyC)sufferedfromnegativephysicalsideeffectsD)benefitedfrompositivesideeffects4)WhichisNOTtrueabout“cooperation”accordingtothetext?A)Itworksbetterthancompetition.B)Toomuchcooperationcanimprovethequantityofincome.C)Itisagiftthatisalwaysappropriate.D)Ateamapproachmaybemoreusefulthanpraisingonepersonforajobwelldone.5)Accordingtothetext,toomuchcompetitionmay______.A)leadtosuccessB)bringoutthe“best”inusC)causehealthproblems D)increasethenumberofideasAfterReadingSummaryoftheTextDirections:Thetextcanbedividedinto4parts.Nowfillintheblankswithappropriatewordsfromthetexttocompletethemainideaofeachpart.PartsParagraphsMain

IdeasPart

One1Undoubtedly,cooperationworksbetterthan1)competition.Part

Two2—6Competitionbringsoutthe2)beastinus,andresearchdemonstratesthatcooperationbringsoutthe3)bestinus.Cooperationhasan4)effectonindividualsinseveralkeyareas,includinghealth.Part

Three7—13Inordertofacilitatecooperation,wecan5)shareresourcesandinformation,reinforceteamefforts,actcooperativelyand6)experiencecooperation.Part

Four14Cooperationisavaluable7)commoditywhichpromotes8)goodwilltowardmenandwomen.KeytoExercises—Vocabularystatistical2)commodities3)distributed4)sophisticatedvacancies6)facilitate7)interaction8)witnessing9)conducted10)maintained.2.1)neglected2)incaseof3)costs4)source5)athand6)vacant7)awarded8)speciallyKeytoExercises—Structure1.1)Aswithhiking(如同徒步旅行一樣),youshouldalwaysthinkaboutyoursafetyandweargoodclothes.2)As(itis)withlearninganylanguage(如同學(xué)習(xí)任何語言),theoldsayingthat“Practicemakesperfect”applies.3)Itseemedthathedidn’tadopt/takemyadvice(看來他沒有采納我的建議)andIwasquiteupset.4)Itseemedthatmyfatherwouldlosehistemper(看來父親要發(fā)火了)butitwasnotmyfault.5)ItseemsthatProfessorSmithcan’tcome(看來史密斯教授不能來了),sowehavetoinviteanotherexpert.I’llsendyoumyaddressonce/whenI’vefoundsomeplacetolive.Iwouldhavelittleinfluenceoverheronceshe(had)madeuphermind.Youwillbeveryhappyandrelaxedonceyouhavegottoknoweveryoneinthecompany.Hewouldbeoffendedonceheunderstoodwhattherealpurposewas.Wecanmakeuseofonlineresourcesoncewehaveregistered.KeytoExercises—ClozeComprehensiveExercises1)Jconsequences2)Kquest3)Gchew4)Nsharing5)Dcollectively6)Icompared7)Bfittest8)Hthrived9)Cmake10)Einhabited

KeytoExercises—TranslationNowadayscompetitionamongcountriesismainlyacompetitionamongtalentedprofessionals.Inordertomaintainourcompetitivenessintheworld,thenationmakesitapointtofullyintroduceandutilizetheoverseasstudentsandtheprofessionals.Thedepartmentsthataretointroducetalentedpeoplefromoutsidearemainlybanking,insuranceindustry,largestate-ownedenterprises,etc,becausethesedepartmentsareexposedtoincreasinglyfiercecompetitionandaremoreopentotheoutsideworld.Furthermore,thegovernmentalsopaysmuchattentiontothescientificandtechnologicalexchangesandcooperationwithothercountries.After-readingActivity1:TalkingAboutPicturesDirections:Therearemanyexamplesofteamworkinreallifeandinfiction.Whatdoyouknowaboutthepicturesbelow?Canyouthinkofmoreexamplesofteamworkfromreallifeorfiction?After-readingActivity2：ListenandSpeakDirections:Whatmakesagoodteam?Afterlisteningtothepassage,listcharacteristicsofgoodleadersandteammembers.Explainwhythecharacteristicsareimportanttosuccessfulteamwork.(p35)After-readingActivity3：ReadandSpeakDirections:Readthedialogueanddiscussthetopicbelow.Teamworkvs.IndividualismA:Ifyouandyourteam-mateshavedifferentopinionsovercertainissues,whatwillyoudo?B:IwillhaveadiscussionandgivereasonswhyIwanttodoitthiswayandsoon.A:Whatif,afterseveraldiscussions,yourteamstillcouldnotcometoaconsensus?Orothersthinkyouropinionisinappropriate,butwhenyoulookatityourselfforalongperiodoftimeyoufindnothingwrong.Atthistime,willyousay“Iwilllistentothemajority,andIwillnotfeeluncomfortableevenifIstilldeemmyownopinionthebestone”?Workingroups,anddiscusshowtostrikeabalancebetweenindividualismandteamwork.AdditionalMaterialsActivityOneDirections:Cooperationistheprocessofpeopleworkingtogethertoreachasharedgoal,asopposedtocompetingforindividualgain.PleasereadthefollowingsayingsandtranslatethemintoChinese.Referenceanswers：Twoheadsarebetterthanone.三個(gè)臭皮匠，頂個(gè)諸葛亮。Onetreedoesn’tmakeaforest.獨(dú)木不成林。Inunionthereisstrength.團(tuán)結(jié)就是力量。Thepathtogreatnessisalongwithothers.與人同行，成就卓越。Manyhandsmakelightwork.人多好辦事。Sticksinabundleareunbreakable.兄弟同心，其利斷金。It’snotinnumbersbutinunitythatourgreatstrengthlies.人心齊，泰山移ActivityTwoDirections:Cooperativelearninghappensinenvironmentswherestudentsworkingroupsorteams,structuringlearning.Competitivelearningtypicallyplacesstudentsinoppositiontooneanother,usingtheintrinsicdesiretowintomotivatestudentstosucceed.Workingroups,andlistadvantagesanddisadvantagesofcooperativelearningandcompetitivelearning.Whichworksbetterforyou?Why?Tips：AdvantagesDisadvantagesCooperativelearningmakingstudymoreinterestinghelpingtoteacheachotherhelpingyougainadeepergraspofthatsubjectdevelopingsocialskillslowerefficiencyleadingtolazinessCompetitivelearninggettinghighlymotivatedrecognizingindividualaccomplishmentdevelopingindependencehigherefficiencyhugepressurelackofcommunicationsometimesgettingfrustratedActivityThreeDirections:Competitiondoesnotnecessarilymeancompetingwithothers.Lookatthecartoonbelow.Doyouagreethat“competingwithyourselfmakesyoubetter”?Pleaselistthreethingsyouneedtochangeinyourlifetomakeabetteryou.BackgroundinformationSigmundFreudSigmundFreud(1856-1939)wasanAustrianphysiologist,medicaldoctor,andpsychotherapist.Heisalsoregardedasoneofthemostinfluentialthinkersofthetwentiethcenturyandasthefounderofpsychoanalysisasbothatheoryofpersonalityandatherapeuticpractice.Hepropo