人教版選修八-Unit-3-語言點(diǎn)

人教新課標(biāo)必修8

Unit3Inventorsandinventions

Languagepoints第1頁1.WhenIcalledupmymotherinthecountrysideonthetelephone,shewasveryupset.callup打電話，使…回想起今晚我會(huì)給你打電話。__________________________I’llcallyouuptonight.老相片引發(fā)了我對童年回想。_____________________________Theoldphotocallsupmemoriesofmychildhood.第2頁callbackcallforcallincalloncallat召喚某人回來；再訪；回電話需要，要求，接（人或物）邀請；請來造訪（人）造訪（某地）Ex.----CanIdothejob?----I’mafraidnot,becauseit______skillandpatience.callsonB.callsoutC.callsupD.callsforD第3頁2.nowandthen時(shí)而；不時(shí)=sometimes,butnotoften我偶然看見他，但不常見。_______________________________我有時(shí)喜歡去看歌劇。_____________________________Iseehimnowandthen,butnotoften.Iliketogototheoperanowandthen.fromtimetotime(every)nowandagainfromnowonjustnowsincethen相關(guān)短語：有時(shí)；不時(shí)時(shí)而；不時(shí)從現(xiàn)在開始，今后剛才從那時(shí)以來第4頁3.Herewasachanceformetodistinguishmyselfbyinventingsomethingmercifulthatwouldcatchsnakesbutnotharmthem.distinguishvt.&vi.(1)區(qū)分；識(shí)別從遠(yuǎn)處我能認(rèn)出他們。___________________________Icandistinguishthematadistance.(2)（常與from,between連用）區(qū)分；區(qū)分你能區(qū)分那兩個(gè)物體嗎？________________________________應(yīng)該教育孩子分辨好壞。Childrenshouldbetaughtto__________________Canyoudistinguishbetweenthosetwoobjects?distinguishrightfromwrong第5頁(3)(常與from連用)使別于；有…特點(diǎn)語言把人和動(dòng)物區(qū)分開來。Speech________________________________象因?yàn)橛虚L鼻子而有別于其它動(dòng)物。Elephants_________________bytheirlongtrunks.distinguishesmenfromanimalsaredistinguished(4)distinguishoneself顯揚(yáng)自己；使自己揚(yáng)名這個(gè)人因智慧而揚(yáng)名。Theman________________________________.distinguishhimselfbyhiswisdom第6頁bedistinguishedfromdistinguish…from…bedistinguishedbybedistinguishedfor不一樣于…與…加以區(qū)分區(qū)分，把…和…區(qū)分開以…為特征因…而著稱distinguishedadj.distinguishingadj.distinguishableadj.著名，知名有區(qū)分可區(qū)分第7頁4.Isetaboutresearchingthehabitsofsnakestofindtheeasiestwaytotrapthem.setabout=setout:tobeginorstart著手；開始他一到那兒就著手處理問題。He__________________________assoonashearrivedthere.=He________________________assoonashearrivedthere.setaboutsolvingtheproblemsetouttosolvetheproblem第8頁setout另一個(gè)意思為“動(dòng)身”，“出發(fā)”，后面長跟介詞for他們以出發(fā)到上海去了。_____________________________________.Theyhavesetout(=setoff)forShanghaisetoutsetouttodosth.setoffsetasidesetdownsetup出發(fā)，起程開始做某事出發(fā)，動(dòng)身留出，對…不予考慮記下，寫下設(shè)置，造成，產(chǎn)生第9頁5.…,whichfreezeshardwhencooled.…,（果凍）被冷卻后會(huì)變硬。whencooled為whenitiscooled省略結(jié)構(gòu)when/while/once/unless/if等連詞所引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句中主語與主句主語相一致，且從句中含有系動(dòng)詞be時(shí)，從句中主語和系動(dòng)詞be可省略，形成“連詞+分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。第10頁1._________withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.CompareB.WhencomparingC.ComparingD.Whencompared2._____moretime,wearesuretofinishit.A.GivenB.GivingC.BegivenD.IfgivingDA第11頁6.Theyabruptlydisappearedintoaconvenientholeinthewall.abruptlyadv.突然地，唐突地abruptadj.突然；意外

Ex.這路有很多急轉(zhuǎn)彎。Theroadisfullof________________.這會(huì)議突然結(jié)束了。Themeetingcameto______________.我們討論突然給縮短了。Ourdiscussionwas____________curtailed.abruptturnsanabruptendabruptly第12頁convenientadj.便利，方便beconvenienttosb.itisconvenientforsb.itisconvenienttodosth.對某人方便對某人方便做某事方便三點(diǎn)鐘對你方便嗎？________________________________Will3o’clockbeconvenientforyou?我想這個(gè)時(shí)候見你恐怕不大適當(dāng)。I’mafraidthisisn’ta___________________toseeyou.convenientmoment第13頁Comeandseemewhenever________________.youareconvenientB.youwillbeconvenientC.ItisconvenienttoyouD.itwillbeconvenienttoyouCIfitisquite______toyou,IwillvisityounextTuesday.A.convenientB.fairC.easyD.comfortableA第14頁7.Thiswasintheexpectationthatthesnakeswouldbiteagain.Butmonitoredcarefully,thesnakesprovedtobenotroubleandallwentaccordingtoplan.這是因?yàn)槲覀冾A(yù)料蛇會(huì)再咬人。不過經(jīng)過仔細(xì)監(jiān)視，證實(shí)這些蛇是制造不了麻煩，一切都按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行著。Expectation:預(yù)料；期待。比如：firmbeliefthatsthwillhappenThere’snoexpectationofsnowtonight.今晚預(yù)計(jì)無雪。句中that從句是一個(gè)同位語從句，作expectation同位語。第15頁monitor(vt.)（1）tocheckbymeansofanelectronicreceiverforsignificantcontents,suchasmilitary,political,orillegalactivity利用監(jiān)聽器或監(jiān)視器來監(jiān)聽，收聽，收視主要內(nèi)容，如相關(guān)軍事，政治或非法活動(dòng)內(nèi)容。比如：Theyhavebeenmonitoringtheenemy’sradiobroadcaststotrytofindouttheirsecretplans.他們一直在監(jiān)聽地方電臺(tái)廣播，設(shè)法查探他們秘密計(jì)劃。第16頁（2）tokeepclosewatchover;supervise親密監(jiān)視；監(jiān)督。比如：Theteacherismonitoringanexamination.老師正在監(jiān)考。第17頁prove(vt.)showthatsthistrueorcertainbymeansofargumentorevidence證實(shí)；證實(shí)。比如：Hehasprovedhiscourageinbattles.他已在戰(zhàn)斗證實(shí)了自己勇氣。Factsprovethatthecreativepowerofpeopleknowsnolimits.事實(shí)證實(shí)人民創(chuàng)造是無窮。第18頁(vi)beseenorfoundtobe;turnouttobe原來（是）；證實(shí)（是）。比如：Themethod/drugproved(tobe)highlyeffective.這個(gè)方法/這種藥被證實(shí)是非常有效。Myadviceprovedtobewrong.我意見被證實(shí)是錯(cuò)。第19頁8.Onlyafteryouhavehadthatrecognitioncanyousaythatyouaretrulyaninventor.只有你得到這種認(rèn)可，你才能夠說是一個(gè)真正創(chuàng)造家。only

修飾狀語，至于句首，主句語序需要倒裝。此句如改成正常語序應(yīng)是：Youcansaythatyouaretrulyaninventoronlyafteryouhavehadthatrecognition.又如：Onlybyworkinghardcanwepasstheexams.第20頁一些否定詞至于句首，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)也會(huì)引發(fā)倒裝。如：never,seldom,hardly,neither,nor,not,only,little等。如課文中令一句：Norwillyoureceiveapatentuntilasearchhasbeenmadetofindoutthatyourproductreallyisdifferentfromeveryoneelse’s.又如：NeverhaveIseensuchanexcitingfilm.LittledidIknowwhatwasabouttohappen.第21頁9.Thecriteriaaresostrictthatitisdifficulttogetnewideasacceptedunlesstheyaretrulynovel.專利標(biāo)準(zhǔn)非常嚴(yán)格，除非新想法真是新奇，不然極難被接收。這里that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。主句和從句是原因與結(jié)果關(guān)系，譯作“所以”。比如：

Shespokesofastthatfewofuscouldfollowher.講話太快，我們極少有些人能聽得懂。novel

在此處是形容詞，意思是“新；新奇；新奇”。其名詞形式是novelty。Heisapersonwhoalwayshasnovelideas.他經(jīng)常會(huì)有新奇想法。第22頁LanguagepointsforreadingII第23頁1.Hebelievedthatoneshouldalwaysbecuriousandhismostfamoussayingwas:”Leavethebeatentrackoccasionallyanddiveintothewoods.Everytimeyoudoyouwillbecertaintofindsomethingthatyouhaveneverseenbefore.Followitup,exploreallaroundit,andbeforeyouknowit,youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.Allreallybigdiscoveriesaretheresultofthought.”他認(rèn)為一個(gè)人應(yīng)該含有好奇心，他最著名一句話是：“偶然離開平路去尋求困境。當(dāng)你這么做時(shí)候，你一定會(huì)發(fā)覺你從未見過東西。跟蹤下去，不停探索，不知不覺中，你就會(huì)發(fā)覺某種值得思索東西占據(jù)著你頭腦。全部真正偉大發(fā)覺都是思索結(jié)果?！钡?4頁beatentrack

踏平路；一貫路；通例。如：Wefollowedawell-beatentrackthroughtheforest.我們沿著一條人們他出來路穿過森林。dive(vt)togoheadfirstintowater潛入；跳水。比如：Hedivedintotheriverandrescuedthedrowningchild.他跳到水中，救起那快要溺死小孩。第25頁tomovequicklyinaspecifieddirection撲去；沖去。比如：

whentherainstarted,wedivedintoacafé.雨下了起來，我們馬上跑進(jìn)一家小餐館。woods原指“森林”，在這里有“險(xiǎn)境，困境”意思。outofthewoods表示“脫離麻煩或困難”。如：Thesituationisimproving,butwearenotoutofthewoodsyet.情況正在改進(jìn)，但我們還沒有擺脫困境。第26頁2.Althoughheismostoftenassociatedwiththeinventionofthetelephone,hewasindeedacontinuingsearcherafterpracticalsolutionstoimprovethequalityofeverybody’slife.

即使人們常把他和創(chuàng)造電話聯(lián)絡(luò)起來，不過他確實(shí)是一名永不停息探索家，不停尋求著改進(jìn)人們生活質(zhì)量路徑。

associatewith

把…和…聯(lián)絡(luò)起來；和…來往。如：

InourmindstheSpringFestivalisassociatedwithhappyfamilyreunions.在我們心中，春節(jié)是和愉快家庭團(tuán)聚聯(lián)絡(luò)在一起。

Herparentsdidn’tlikeherassociatingwithnetfriends.她父母不喜歡她和網(wǎng)友來往。第27頁句中continuing是動(dòng)詞-ing形式，在這里作定語用。如：Thisisaverypressing