無答案閱讀材料

Passage1

Theballadandtheforksonghavelongbeenrecognizedasimportantkeystothethoughtsand

feelingsofapeople,butthedimenovelthoughsoughtbythecollectorandreferredtoinageneral

waybythesocialhistorian,isdismissedwithasmileofamusementbyalmosteveryone

eise.NeitherforksongsnordimenovelswereactuallycreatedbytheplainpeopleofAmerica.But

intheirdevotiontothesemodesofexpression,thepeoplemadethemtheirown.Thedimenovel,

interestedasitwasforthegreatmassesanddesignedtofillthepocketsofbothauthorand

publisher,quitenaturallysoughtthelowestcommondenominator(共同點，標(biāo)準)：themesthat

werefoundtobepopularandattitudesthatmetwiththemostgeneralapprovalbecame

stereotyped(定型的).Moreover,thedimenovel,reflectingamuchwiderrangeofattitudesand

ideasthantheballadandtheforksong,isthenearestthingwehavehadinthiscountrytoatrue

"proletarian"literature,thatis,aliteraturewrittenforthegreatmassesofpeopleandactuallyread

bythem.

Althoughastudyofourdimenovelsalonecannotenableanyonetodeterminewhatarethe

essentialcharacteristicsoftheAmericantradition,itcancontributemateriallytothatend.Sooner

orlater,theindustriousresearcherswhohavemindedsomanyobscurelodesofAmerican

literaryexpressionwillalmostcertainlyturntheirattentiontothesenovelsandalltheirkind.Let

noonethink,however,thatthesalmon-coveredpaperbacksoncesoeagerlydecoured(貪婪地閱

讀)bysoldiers,lumberjacks(伐木工人)，trainmen,hiredgirl,andadolescentboysnowmake

excitingoragreeableevenforthehistorian,muchasthesocialandhistoricalimplicationsmay

interesthim.Asforthecrowdstodaywhogettheirsensationalthrillsfromthemoviesandthe

tabloids(小刊，小報)，Ifearthattheywouldfindthesehair-raisersofanearlieragedeadlydull.

l.Theprincipalintentionoftheauthorofadimenovelwasto.

A)exploreasegmentofAmericansociety.

B)PromotetheAmericanpoliticalphilosophy.

C)raisethelevelofintelligenceofthegreatmassesofpeople.

D)makemoney.

2.The“l(fā)owestcommondenominator'*refersto.

A)thepoorerclasses.

B)themesandattitudesthatwouldbeacceptedbythegreatestnumberofpeople.

C)attitudesacceptedbytheAmericanintellectuals.

D)thecharacteroftheauthorsofthedimenovel.

3.HProletarian"literatureis.

A)writtenforandreadbythegreatmassesofpeople.

B)distinguishedbyitsdevotiontopornography.

C)distinguishedbyitselegantstyle.

D)writtenfor,butnotactuallyreadby,mostpeople.

4.Theauthorbelievesthatastudyofourdimenovels.

A)isawasteoftime.

B)wouldbesufficientinitselftodeterminetheessentialcharacteristicsoftheAmerican

tradition.

C)wouldbeavaluablecontributionindeterminingtheessentialcharacteristicsoftheAmerican

tradition.

D)wouldbeamusingbutunimportant.

5.Whichofthefollowingisimpliedinthepassage?

A)Theattitudesofthemassesofpeoplearebestexpressedbysociologytexts.

B)Thenearestthingwehavehadtoaproletarianliteratureisthedimenovel.

C)Thestudyoftheformalliteraturealonewillnotenablethehistoriantounderstandtheattitudes

andinterestsofthecommonpeople.

D)Becausethethemesinthedimenovelswerenotgood,theycouldnolongerbelegally

distributed.

Passage2

Robot.Itisawordthatseemsverymodern.Awordthatcreatesastrongmentalpicture.A

pictureofsomethingthatlooksandactslikeahuman.Robotsarenothuman,ofcourse.Theyare

machines.

Thewordrobot,androbotsthemselves,arelessthan100yearsold.Buthumanshavebeen

dreamingofrealandimaginarycopiesofthemselvesforthousandsofyears.Earlypeoplemade

littlehumanstatuesoutofclay.Andtheycutwoodandstonetolooklikehumans.

Whatisthefutureofrobots?Thegoalofscientistsistocreateatruehumanlikerobot.Some

expertshavedescribedthisrobotofthefutureasonethatcanactindependentlywiththephysical

worldthroughitsownsensesandactions.Humanshavetheabilitytosee,hear,speakandsolve

problems.Engineershavebuiltrobotsthathaveoneortwooftheseabilities.Butittakesanumber

ofbigexpensivecomputerstomaketherobotswork.

Thebiggestproblemincreatingahumanlikerobotiscopyinghumanintelligence.Thewaythe

humanmindworksisalmostimpossibletocopy.Asimplecomputercanmathematicalproblems

farbeyondtheabilityofeventhesmartesthumanmind.Butthehumanmindisbetterthana

thousandsupercomputersatspeaking,hearingandproblemsolving.SeveralAmericanand

Japanesecompaniesareworkingtodevelopthesensesofsightandtouchforrobots.The

developmentofthesesenseswillmakerobotsmuchmoreuseful.

However,themostimportanthumanability—themostdifficulttocopy—isproblemsolving.An

intelligentrobotmustbeabletochangethewayitactswhenitfacesanunexpectedsituation.

Humansdoitallthetime.Computersmustdoitforrobots.Thismeanscomputersmusthavea

hugebaseofinformationaboutmanythings.Theymustbeabletofindquicklytheneeded

informationintheirsystems.Andtheymustmakechoicesabouthowtoact.Sofar,thisisbeyond

theabilityofcomputers.

1.Accordingtothepassage,howeverintelligentarobotmaybe,it.

A)actsasanordinaryanimal

B)isnothingbutamachine

C)isviewedasamodernmyth

D)isregardedasahumanbeing

2.Whichofthefollowingconclusionsisbestsupportedbythesecondparagraph?A)Robotdoes

notlastlong.

B)Theearlymenmadetoysthemselves.

C)Manhasalwayshadadesiretomakeacopyofhimself.

D)Thematerialsformakingacopyofmanarelimited.

3.Fromthethirdparagraph,wecanknowthat.

A)therehasnotbeenatruehumanlikerobotyet

B)computersintherobotsareexpensive

C)robotsmaydowhattheyaretold

D)robotshavebeendesignedtoworkindependently

4.Accordingtothepassage,whyhashumanintelligencenotbeencopiedinthemakingofarobot?

A)Computerscanonlydomathematicalproblemsbetterthanhumanbeings.

B)Technologyisnotadvancedenoughtocopyhowhumanmindswork.

C)Scientistsaresatisfiedtohavetherobotwithsensesofsightandtouch.

D)Robotswithhumanintelligencewillbedangeroustohumanbeings.

5.Inordertoenabletheintelligentrobottodealwithanunexpectedsituation,thecomputersinit

mustdothefollowingthingsexcept.

A)havingalargeamountofinformation

B)makingchoicesabouthowtoact

C)studyingthesituationcarefully

D)findingtheinformationquickly

Passage3

Practicallyspeaking,theartisticmaturingofthecinemawasthesingle-handedachievementof

DavidWGriffith(1875-1948).BeforeGriffith,photographyindramaticfilmsconsistedoflittle

morethanplacingtheactorsbeforeastationarycameraandshowingtheminfulllengthasthey

wouldhaveappearedonstage.Fromthebeginningofhiscareerasadirector,however,Griffith,

becauseofhisloveofVictorianpainting,employedcomposition.Heconceivedofthecamera

imageashavingaforegroundandarearground,aswellasthemiddledistancepreferredbymost

directors.By1910,hewasusingclose-upstorevealsignificantdetailsofthesceneoroftheacting.

Extremelongshotswereadoptedtoachieveasenseofspectacleanddistance.Hisexploration

producedamazingdramaticeffects.Bysplittinganeventintofragmentsandrecordingeachfrom

themostsuitablecameraposition,hecouldsignificantlymaketheemphasischangefromcamera

shottocamerashot.

Griffithalsoachieveddramaticeffectsbymeansofcreativeediting.Byjuxtaposingimagesand

varyingthespeedandrhythmoftheirpresentation,hecouldcontrolthedramaticintensityofthe

eventsasthestoryprogressed.Despitethereluctanceofhisproducers,whofearedthatthepublic

wouldnotbeabletofollowsuchastory,Griffithpersistedandexperimentedandthesepractices

havebecomestandardeversince.

Besidesdevelopingthecinema'slanguage,Griffithimmenselybroadeneditsrangeandtreatment

ofsubjects.Hisearlymoviesincludednotonlythestandardcomedies,melodramas,westerns,and

thrillers,butalsoadaptationsfromBrowningandTennyson,andtreatmentofsocialissues.When

hemadeanewmoviein1911,heinsistedthatasubjectofimportancecouldnotbetreatedinthe

thenconventionallengthofonereel.Oneofhismoviesreachedtheunprecedentedlengthoffour

reels,oronehour'srunningtime.Griffith'sintroductionoftheAmerican-mademulti-reelpicture

begananimmenserevolution.

6.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto___.

A)discusstheimportanceofGriffithtothedevelopmentofcinema

B)describetheimpactoncinemaoftheflashbacksandothereditinginnovations

C)showGriffith'simpactonthechoiceofsubjectmatterinAmericanfilms

D)criticizethestateofAmericancinemabeforetheGriffith

7.TheauthorsuggeststhatGriffith'sfilminnovationshadadirecteffectonallofthefollowing

except.

A)filmeditingC)camerawork

B)scenecomposingD)soundediting

8.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbefore1910thenormalrunningtimeofafilmwas.

A)15minutesorless

B)between30and45minutes

C)between15and30minutes

D)onehourormore

9.ItcanbeinferredthatGriffithwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowing

statements?

A)Thegooddirectorwillattempttoexplorenewideasasquicklyaspossible.

B)Themostimportantelementcontributingtoafilm'ssuccessistheabilityoftheactors.

C)Thecamerashouldbeconsideredanintegralandactiveelementinthecreationofafilm.

D)Thecinemashouldemphasizeseriousandsoberexaminationsoffundamentalhuman

problems.

10.Theauthor'sattitudetowardphotographyinthecinemabeforeGriffithcanbebestdescribed

as.

A)sympatheticB)amusedC)nostalgicD)condescending

Passage4

Isitpossibletopersuademankindtolivewithoutwar?Warisanancientinstitutionwhichhas

existedforatleastsixthousandyears.Itwasalwayswickedandusuallyfoolish,butinthepastthe

humanracemanagedtolivewithit.Moderningenuityhaschangedthis.EitherManwillabolish

war,orwarwillabolishMan.Forthepresent,itisnuclearweaponsthatcausethegreatestdanger,

butbacteriologicalorchemicalweaponsmay,beforelong,offeranevengreaterthreat.Ifwe

succeedinabolishingnuclearweapons,ourworkwillnotbedone.Itwillneverbedoneuntilwe

havesucceededinabolishingwar.Todothis,weneedtopersuademankindtolookupon

internationalquestionsinanewwaynotascontestsofforce,inwhichthevictorygoestotheside

whichismostskillfulinkilling,butbyarbitrationinaccordancewithagreedprinciplesoflaw.It

isnoteasytochangeageoldmentalhabits,butthisiswhatmustbeattempted.

Therearethosewhosaythattheadoptionofthisorthatideologywouldpreventwar.Ibelievethis

tobeaprofounderror.Allideologiesarebasedupondogmaticassertionswhichare,atbest,

doubtful,andatworst,totallyfalse.Theirsupportersbelieveinthemsofanaticallythattheyare

willingtogotowarinsupportofthem.

Themovementofworldopinionduringthepasttwoyearshasbeenverylargelysuchaswecan

welcome.Ithasbecomeacommonplacethatnuclearwarmustbeavoided.Ofcoursevery

difficultproblemsremainintheinternationalsphere,butthespiritinwhichtheyarebeing

approachedisabetteronethanitwassomeyearsago.Ithasbeguntobethought,evenbythe

powerfulmenwhodecidewhetherweshallliveordie,thatnegotiationsshouldreachagreements

evenifbothsidesdonotfindtheseagreementswhollysatisfactory.Ithasbeguntobeunderstood

thattheimportantconflictnowadaysisnotbetweenEastandWest,butbetweenManandthe

H-bomb.

11.Thispassageimpliesthatwarisnow___.

A)morewickedthaninthepast

B)aswickedasinthepast

C)lesswickedthaninthepast

D)whatpeopletrytolivewith

12.Accordingtotheauthor.

A)itisimpossibletolivewithoutwar

B)waristheonlywaytosettleinternationaldisagreements

C)warmustbeabolishedifmanwantstosurvive

D)warwillbeabolishedbymoderningenuity

13.Theauthorsaysthatmodernweapons__.

A)willhelpabolishwar

B)makemankindliveinagreaterthreat.

C)willgraduallybecomepartofman'slife

D)needfurtherimproving

14.Theauthorbelievesthattheonlywaytoabolishwaristo.

A)abolishnuclearweapons

B)letthestrongersidetakeovertheworld

C)improvebacteriologicalandchemicalweapons

D)settleinternationalissuesthroughnegotiation

15.Thelastparagraphsuggeststhat__.

A)nuclearwarwilldefinitelynottakeplace

B)internationalagreementsarenowreachedmoreandmoreeasily

C)manisbeginningtorealizethatnuclearwarishisgreatestenemy

D)worldopinionisinfavorofnuclearwar

Passage5

Largecompaniesneedawaytoreachthesavingsofthepublicatlarge.Thesameproblem,ona

smallerscale,facespracticallyeverycompanytryingtodevelopnewproductsandcreatenewjobs.

Therecanbelittleprospectofraisingthesortofsumsneededfromfriendsandpeopleweknow,

andwhilebanksmayagreetoprovideshort-termfinance,theyaregenerallyunwillingtoprovide

moneyonapermanentbasisforlong-termprojects.Socompaniesturntopublic,invitingpeople

tolendthemmoney,ortakeashareinthebusinessinexchangeforashareinfutureprofits.This

theydobyissuingstocksandsharesinthebusinessthroughTheStockExchange.Bydoingso

theycanputintocirculationthesavingsofindividualsandinstitution,bothathomeandoverseas.

Whenthesaverneedshismoneyback,hedoesnothavetogotothecompanywithwhomhe

originallyplacedit.Instead,hesellshissharesthroughastockbroker(證券經(jīng)名己人)tosomeother

saverwhoisseekingtoinvesthismoney.

ManyoftheservicesneededbothbyindustryandbyeachofusareprovidedbytheGovernment

orbylocalauthorities.Withouthospitals,roads,electricity,telephones,railways,thiscountry

couldnotfunction.Alltheserequirecontinuousspendingonnewequipmentandnew

developmentiftheyaretoserveusproperly,requiringmoremoneythanisraisedthroughtaxes

alone.Thegovernment,localauthorities,andnationalizedindustriesthereforefrequentlyneeded

toborrowmoneytofinancemajorcapitalspending,andthey,too,cometoTheStockExchange.

Thereishardlyamanorwomaninthiscountrywhosejoborwhosestandardoflivingdoesnot

dependontheabilityofhisorherexplorerstoraisemoneytofinancenewdevelopment.Inone

wayoranotherthisnewmoneymustcomefromthesavingsofthecountry.TheStockExchange

existstoprovideachannelthroughwhichthesesavingscanreachthosewhoneedfinance.

1.Almostallcompaniesinvolvedinnewproductionanddevelopmentmust。

A)relyintheirownfinancialresources.

B)persuadethebankstoprovidelong-termfinance.

C)borrowlargesumsofmoneyfromfriendsandpeopleweknow.

D)dependonthepopulationasawholeforfinance.

2.Themoneywhichenablesthesecompaniestogoaheadwiththeirprojectsis.

A)repaidtoitsoriginalownersassoonaspossible.

B)raisedbythesellingofsharesinthecompanies.

C)exchangedforpartownershipinTheStockExchange.

D)investedindifferentcompaniesonTheStockExchange.

3.whenthesaverswanttheirmoneybackthey.

A)askanothercompanytoobtaintheirmoneyforthem.

B)lookforotherpeopletoborrowmoneyfrom.

C)puttheirsharesinthecompanybackonthemarket.

D)transfertheirmoneytoamoresuccessfulcompany.

4.A11theessentialservicesonwhichwedependare.

A)runbytheGovernmentorourlocalauthorities.

B)inconstantneedoffinancialsupport.

C)financedwhollybyratesandtaxes.

D)unabletoprovidefortheneedsofthepopulation.

5.TheStockexchangemakesitpossiblefortheGovernment,localauthoritiesandnationalized

industries.

A)toborrowasmuchmoneyastheywish.

B)tomakecertaineverybodysavesmoney.

C)toraisemoneytofinancenewdevelopments.

D)tomakecertaineverybodylendsmoneytothem.

Passage6

Theyear1400openedwithmorepeacefulnessthanusualinEngland.Onlyafewmonthsbefore,

RichardIIweak,wicked,andtreacherous-hadbeendeposed(廢黜),andHerryIVdeclaredkingin

hisstead.Butitwasonlyaseemingpeacefulness,lastingforbutalittlewhile;forthoughKing

Herryprovedhimselfajustandamercifulman—asjusticeandmercywentwiththemenofironof

thosedays—andthoughhedidnotcaretoshedbloodneedlessly,thereweremanynoblefamilies

whohadbeenbenefitedbyKingRichardduringhisreign,andwhohadlostsomewhatoftheir

powerandprestigefromthecominginofthenewking.

Amongthesewereanumberofgreatlordswhohadbeendegradedfromtheirformertitlesand

estates,fromwhichdegradationKingRichardhadliftedthem.TheyplannedtofalluponKing

Herryandhisfollowersandtomassacre。若殺)themduringagreattournament(中世紀之馬上比

武大會)whichwasbeingheldatOxford.Andtheymighthavesucceededhadnotoneoftheir

ownmembersbetrayedthem.

ButHerrydidnotappearatthelists;whereupon,knowingthathehadbeenlodgingatWindsor

withonlyafewattendants,theconspiratorsmarchedthereagainsthim.Inthemeantime,theking

hadbeenwarnedoftheplot,sothatinsteadoffindinghimintheroyalcastle,theydiscovered

throughtheirscoutsthathehadhurriedtoLondon,andthathewasmarchingagainstthematthe

headofaconsiderablearmy.Sonothingwasleftbutflight.Oneandanother,theywereallcaught

andsomekilled.Thosefewwhofoundfriendsfaithfulandboldenoughtoaffordthemshelter

draggedthosefriendsdownintheirownruin.

l.WhatdoestheauthorseemtothinkofKingHerry?

A)HewasthebestkingEnglandhadeverhad.

B)Hewasunfairandcowardly.

C)HewasjustasevilasKingRichard.

D)HewasabetterrulerthanKingRichard.

2.HowdidKingHerryfindoutabouttheplot?

A)Hisscoutsdiscoveredit.

B)Hesawtheconspiratorscoming.

C)Oneoftheconspiratorstoldhim.

D)Hefoundacopyoftheconspirators'plan.

3.HowdidtheconspiratorsfindoutthatHerrywasinLondon?

A)TheysawhimleaveWindsor.

B)Herry*sattendantstoldthem.

C)Theysawhimatthetournament.

D)Theirscoutstoldthem.

4.WhydidthenobleswishtokillHerry?

A)HerryhadtakenawaypowergiventothembyRichard.

B)Herrywasweak,wicked,andtreacherous.

C)Herryhadneedlesslykilledmembersoftheirfamilies.

D)HerryhadkilledKingRichard.

5.ItcanbeinferredthatRichardIPsreignwas.

A)peaceful

B)corrupt

C)democratic

D)illegal

Passage7

Theballadandtheforksonghavelongbeenrecognizedasimportantkeystothethoughtsand

feelingsofapeople,butthedimenovelthoughsoughtbythecollectorandreferredtoinageneral

waybythesocialhistorian,isdismissedwithasmileofamusementbyalmosteveryoneelse.

NeitherforksongsnordimenovelswereactuallycreatedbytheplainpeopleofAmerica.Butin

theirdevotiontothesemodesofexpression,thepeoplemadethemtheirown.Thedimenovel,

interestedasitwasforthegreatmassesanddesignedtofillthepocketsofbothauthorand

publisher,quitenaturallysoughtthelowestcommondenominator(J4同點，標(biāo)準)：themesthat

werefoundtobepopularandattitudesthatmetwiththemostgeneralapprovalbecame

stereotyped(定型的).Moreover,thedimenovel,reflectingamuchwiderrangeofattitudesand

ideasthantheballadandtheforksong,isthenearestthingwehavehadinthiscountrytoatrue

'proletarian"literature,thatis,aliteraturewrittenforthegreatmassesofpeopleandactuallyread

bythem.

Althoughastudyofourdimenovelsalonecannotenableanyonetodeterminewhatarethe

essentialcharacteristicsoftheAmericantradition,itcancontributemateriallytothatend.Sooner

orlater,theindustriousresearcherswhohavemindedsomanyobscurelodesofAmericanliterary

expressionwillalmostcertainlyturntheirattentiontothesenovelsandalltheirkind.Letnoone

think,however,thatthesalmon-coveredpaperbacksoncesoeagerlydevoured(貪婪地閱讀)by

soldiers,lumberjacks(伐木工人)，trainmen,hiredgirl,andadolescentboysnowmakeexcitingor

agreeableevenforthehistorian,muchasthesocialandhistoricalimplicationsmayinteresthim.

Asforthecrowdstodaywhogettheirsensationalthrillsfromthemoviesandthetabloids(小刊,

小報),Ifearthattheywouldfindthesehair-raisersofanearlieragedeadlydull.

l.Theprincipalintentionoftheauthorofadimenovelwasto.

A)exploreasegmentofAmericansociety.

B)PromotetheAmericanpoliticalphilosophy.

C)raisethelevelofintelligenceofthegreatmassesofpeople.

D)makemoney.

2.The"lowestcommondenominator"refersto.

A)thepoorerclasses.

B)themesandattitudesthatwouldbeacceptedbythegreatestnumberofpeople.

C)attitudesacceptedbytheAmericanintellectuals.

D)thecharacteroftheauthorsofthedimenovel.

3."Proletarian"literatureis.

A)writtenforandreadbythegreatmassesofpeople.

B)distinguishedbyitsdevotiontopornography.

C)distinguishedbyitselegantstyle.

D)writtenfor,butnotactuallyreadbymostpeople.

4.Theauthorbelievesthatastudyofourdimenovels.

A)isawasteoftime.

B)wouldbesufficientinitselftodeterminetheessentialcharacteristicsoftheAmericantradition.

C)wouldbeavaluablecontributionindeterminingtheessentialcharacteristicsoftheAmerican

tradition.

D)wouldbeamusingbutunimportant.

5.Whichofthefollowingisimpliedinthepassage?

A)Theattitudesofthemassesofpeoplearebestexpressedbysociologytexts.

B)Thenearestthingwehavehadtoaproletarianliteratureisthedimenovel.

C)Thestudyoftheformalliteraturealonewillnotenablethehistoriantounderstandtheattitudes

andinterestsofthecommonpeople.

D)Becausethethemesinthedimenovelswerenotgood,theycouldnolongerbelegally

distributed.

Passage8

Therearetwomethodsoffighting,theonebylaw,theotherbyforce;thefirstmethodisthatof

men,thesecondofbeasts;butasthefirstmethodisofteninsufficient,onemusthaverecourseto

thesecond.Itis,therefore,necessaryforaprincetoknowhowtouseboththebeastandtheman.

Thiswascovertlytaughttotherulersbyancientwriters,whorelatehowAchillesandmanyothers

ofthoseancientprincesweregivenChironthecentaurtobebroughtupandeducatedunderhis

discipline.Theparable(寓言)ofthissemi-animal,semi-humanteacherismeanttoindicatethata

princemustknowhowtousebothnatures,andthatthewithouttheotherisnotdurable.

Aprince,beingthusobligedtoknowwellhowtoactasabeast,mustimitatethefox,andthelion,

forthelioncannotprotecthimselffromtraps,andthefoxcannotdefendhimselffromwolves.

Thosethatwishtobeonlylionsdonotunderstandthis.Therefore,aprudentruleroughtnotto

keepfaithwhenbydoingsoitwouldbeagainsthisinterest,andthereasonswhichmadehimbind

himselfnolongerexist.Ifmenwereallgood,thispreceptwouldnotbeagoodone;butasthey

arebad,andwouldnotobservetheirfaithwithyou,soyouarenotboundtokeepfaithwiththem.

Norhavelegitimategroundseverfailedaprincewhowishtoshowcolorableexcuseforthe

nonfulfilmentofhispromise.Ofthisonecouldfurnishaninfinitenumberofexamples,andhow

manytimespeacehasbeenbroken,andhowmanypromisesrenderedworthless,bythe

faithlessnessofprinces,andthosethathavebestbeenabletoimitatethefoxhavesucceededbest.

Butitisnecessarytobeabletodisguisethischaracterwell,andtobeagreatfeignerand

dissembler,andmenaresosimpleandsoreadytoobeypresentnecessities,thattheonewho

deceiveswillalwaysfindthosewhoallowthemselvestobedeceived.

l.Thewriterdoesnotbelievethat.

A)thetruthmakesmenfree.

B)peoplecanprotectthemselves.

C)princesarehuman.

D)leadershavetobeconsistent.

2."Prince"inthepassagedesignates.

A)anyoneinpower.

B)electedofficials.

C)aristocrats.

D)sonsofkings.

3.Thelionrepresentsthosewhoare.

A)tootrusting.

B)reliantonforce.

C)strongandpowerful.

D)lackinginintelligence.

4.Thefox,inthepassage,is.

A)admiredforhistrickery.

B)nomatchforthelion.

C)pitiedforhiswiles.

D)consideredworthless.

5.Thewritersuggeststhatasuccessfulleadermust.

A)beprudentandfaithful.

B)cheatandlie.

C)haveprincipletoguidehisactions.

D)followthetruth.

Passage9

Theseisanewtypeofadvertisementbecomingincreasinglycommoninnewspaperclassified

columns.Itissometimesplacedamong^^situationsvacant"，althoughitdoesn*tofferanyonejob,

andsometimesitappears"situationswanted"，althoughitisnotplacedbysomeonelookingfora

jobeither.Whatisdoesistoofferhelpinapplyingforajob.

''Contactusbeforewritingyourapplication",or"Makeuseofourlongexperienceinpreparing

yourcurriculumvitae(工作簡歷)orjobhistory",ishowitisusuallyexpressed.Thegrowthand

apparentsuccessofsuchaspecializedserviceis,ofcourse,areflectiononthecurrenthighlevels

ofunemployment.Itisalsoanindicationofthegrowingimportanceofthecurriculumvitae(or

jobhistory),withthesuggestionthatitmaynowqualifyasanartforminitsownright.

Therewasatimewhenjobseekersimplywrotelettersofapplication.uJustputdownyourname,

address,ageandwhetheryouhavepassedanyexams',,wasabouttheaveragelevelofadvice

offeredtoyoungpeopleapplyingfortheirfirstjobswhenIleftschool.Theletterwasreallyjust

foropeners,itwasexplained,everythingelsecouldandshouldbesavedfortheinterview.Andin

thosedaysoffullemploymentthetechniqueworked.Theletterprovedthatyoucouldwriteand

wereavailableforwork.Youreagerfaceandintelligentrepliesdidtherest.

Later,asyoumoveduptheladder,somethingslightlymoresophisticatedwascalledfor.The

advicethenwastoputsomethingintheletterwhichwoulddistinguishyoufromtherest.Itmight

betheaggressiveapproach."Yoursearchisover.Iamthepersonyouarelookingfor/'wasa

widelyusedtrickthatoccasionallysucceeded.Oritmightbesomespecialfeaturespecially

designedforthejobinview.

Thereisnodoubt,however,thatitistheincreasingnumberofa