四級快速閱讀（新題型4篇）

第一節(jié)句子填空題命題規(guī)律

在四級快速閱讀中，第1至7題分別可以答：Y,N或者NG。第7至10題以句子填空

的形式出現(xiàn)的考題。這種考題的?？键c和是非判斷題的考點一樣，因此它們的定位技巧也是

一致的?？忌龅木褪歉鶕?jù)題意進行準確的定位，然后仔細對照原文和考題找出考題中

所缺失的部分并進行作答。在作答的時候，考生一定要注意答案在內(nèi)容和形式上的準確性，

尤其要注意語法結(jié)構(gòu)上的準確性。

［例8］Afterall,thosefirsttwostepsorapproachessparkastrongerthanusualinterestin

thatdictionarydefinition.You'renowpersonallyinvolved.Didyoufigureoutthewordmeaning?

Yourheightenedinterestwillleadtoabettermemoryofbothword-andmeaning.Italso

encouragesyourdevelopmentofthehabitsneededtoaccelerateyourprogress.And-whenyousee

inblack'andwhitethedefinitionyouhadexpected,whatafeelingofaccomplishmentisyours.

Inthatway,theCPDFormulaprovidestheexactdynamicinterplayofapproachesfbrmaximum

effectiveness.

［題目］Byusingcontextandwordparts,readers*heightenedinterestwillleadto.

［解析］根據(jù)題干中信號詞leadto可判斷本題考查的內(nèi)容為heightenedinterest在using

contextandwordparts情況下所造成的結(jié)果。以heightenedinterest為題眼定位于上述段落第

4句，可知空白處應(yīng)填入abettermemoryofbothwordandmeaningo

第二節(jié)考點突破專項掃雷訓練

PassageOne

TimePatterninAmerica

SusanAnthonyhasaneight-to-fivejobwithtwo15-minutecofleebreaks,aone-hourlunch

break,scheduledappointmentsandweeklydeadlines.Everytimesheentersandleavesher

officebuildingshe"punches"theclock.Althoughsheisnotawareofit,herworkdayisstrongly

influencedbyherculture'sattitudestowardtime.

Whentravelerslackanawarenessofhowtimeisregulatedinaforeigncountry,theycan

expecttofeelsomewhatdisoriented（分不清方向或目標的）.Sincemostpeopletaketimefor

granted,theeffectsofvalues,customsandsocialetiquetteontheuseoftimeareseldomexamined:

Aculturethatvaluesachievementandprogresswilldiscouragepeoplefrom"wasting"time.

Highlyefficientbusinesspeoplefromtheseculturesmayfeelfrustratedinacountrywherework

proceedsataslowpace.Inreligioussocieties,customsspecifytimesoftheday,week,oryearfbr

prayerandreligiouscelebrations.Ifanindividualtries-tomakeanappointmentduringasacred

holiday,heorshecouldunknowinglyoffendareligiousperson.Socialetiquette-determines

appropriatetimesfbrvisits,meetings,andevenphonecalls.Arrivingtwohourslatefbran

appointmentmaybeacceptableinoneculture,whereasinanother,keepingsomeonewaiting

fifteenminutesmaybeconsideredrude.Promptness

PromptnessisimportantinAmericanbusiness,academicandsocialsettings.Theimportance

ofpunctualityistaughttoyoungchildreninschool.Tardy（遲至lj的）slipsandtheuseofbells

signaltothechildthatpunctualityandtimeitselfaretoberespected.Anamusingreportof

schoolchild'sexperiencewithtimeappearedinarecentnewspaperarticle.

Asachild,mymotherusedtotellmehowcrucialitwastobeatschoolwhenthefirstbell

rang.PreparationformyHon-timenappearancebeganthenightbefore.Iwasdirectedtogotobed

earlysoIcouldwakeupat7a.m.withenoughtimetogetready.AlthoughIusuallymanagedto

watchmyshareofTVcartoons,IknewthatinonehourIhadtogetdressed,eatbreakfast,brush

myteeth,combmyhairandbeonmywaytoschoolorIwouldbeviolatinganimportantruleof

Mom's,theschoofs,ortheworlds.Itwashardtotellwhich.

Peoplewhokeepappointmentsareconsidereddependable.Ifpeoplearelatetojobinterviews,

appointmentsorclasses,theyareoftenviewedasunreliableandirresponsible.Inthebusiness

world,"timeismoney"andcompaniesmayfinetheirexecutivesfortardinesstobusiness

meetings.Ofcourse,itwasnotalwayspossibletobepunctual.Socialandbusinessetiquettealso

providesrulesforlatearrivals.Callingonthetelephoneifoneisgoingtobemorethanafew

minuteslateforscheduledappointmentsisconsideredpoliteandisoftenexpected.Keepinga

dateorafriendwaitingbeyondtentotwentyminutesisconsideredrude.Ontheotherhand,

arrivingthirtyminuteslatetosomepartiesisacceptable.

Respectingdeadlinesisalsoimportantinacademicandprofessionalcircles.Itisexpected

thatdeadlinesforclassassignmentsorbusinessreportswillbemet.Studentswhohandin

assignmentslatemaybesurprisedtofind-thattheprofessorwilllowertheirgradesorevenrefuse

togradetheirwork.Whetheritisaquestionofarrivingontimeorofmeetingadeadline,people

areculturallyconditionedtoregulatetime.

DivisionofTime

Timeistangible（可以感知的）；onecan"gaintime**,"spendtime**,"wastetime**,"savetime”,

oreven“killtime"！CommonquestionsinAmericanEnglishrevealthis-concretequalityas

thoughtimewereapossession,"Doyouhavetime?n"Canyoumakesometimeforthis?”"How

muchfreetimedoyouhave?1*Thetreatmentoftimeasapossessioninfluencesthewaytimeis

carefullydivided.

Generally,Americansaretaughttodoonethingatatimeandmaybeuncomfortablewhenan

activityisinterrupted.Inbusinessthecarefulschedulingoftimeandtheseparationofactivities

arecommonpractices.Appointmentcalendarsareprintedwith15-,30-,and60-minutetimeslots.

A2:30-3:00interviewmayendintimefbrabriefbreakbeforea3:15-4:00meeting.Theideathat

"thereisatimeandplacefbreverything"extendstoAmericansociallife.Visitorswho"dropby”

withoutpriornoticemayinterrupttheirhosfspersonaltime.Thus,callingfriendsonthetelephone

beforevisitingthemisgenerallypreferredtovisitors"droppingby”.Toaccommodateother

people'sschedules,Americansmakebusinessplansandsocialengagementsseveraldaysorweeks

inadvance.

FutureTime

Culturestendtofavoreitherapast,present,orfutureorientationwithregardtotime.Afuture

orientation,encompassing（包括）apreferenceforchange,ischaracteristicofAmericanculture.

Thesocietyencouragespeopletolooktothefutureratherthantothepast.Technological,social

andartistictrendschangerapidlyandaffectpeople'slifestylesandtherelationships.

Giventhisinclination（傾向）towardchange,itisnotsurprisingthattraditionplaysalimited

roleintheAmericanculture.Thosewhotrytoupholdtraditionalpatternsoflivingorthought

maybeseenasrigidornold-fashionedn.Inasocietywherechangeissorapid,itisnot

uncommonfbreverygenerationtoexperiencea"generationgap".Sometimesparentsstraggleto

understandthevaluesoftheirchildren.Evenreligiousinstitutionshavehadtoadaptto

contemporaryneedsoftheirfollowers.Folksingersinchurchservices,womenreligiousleaders,

slangversionsoftheBible,allreflectattemptsmadebytraditionalinstitutionsto"keepupwith

thetimes".

Highratesofchanges,particularlyinurbanareas,havecontributedtoafocusonthefuture

ratherthanthepastorpresent.SomeAmericansbelievethatthebenefitsofthefutureorientation

areachievementandprogressandstomachulcers（潰瘍）aretheresultsofsuchalifestyle.

Asindividualsinaculture,weallhaveanintuitiveunderstandingabouthowtimeis

regulated.Usuallywedonotthinkabouttheconceptoftimeuntilweinteractwithotherswho

haveadifferenttimeOrientation.Althoughindividualsfromanytwoculturesmayviewtime

similarly,weoftensensethatinanotherculture,lifeseemstoproceedeitheratasloweror

fasterpace.Knowinghowtimeisregulated,dividedandperceivedcanprovidevaluableinsights

intoindividualsandtheircultures.

1.Highlyefficientbusinesspeoplearealwaysfromculturesthatvalueachievementand

progress.

2.Arrivingtwohourslateforanappointmentisconsideredrudeineveryculture.

3.Ifastudenthandsinhisassignmentslate,theprofessormayrefusetogradehiswork.

4.TheideathatHthereisatimeandplaceforeverything1*isnotonlyrestrainedinthe

businesscircle.

5.TheAmericanculturefavorsfutureorientationwithregardtotime.

6.Thereareasmanywomenleadersasmenleadersnowinthereligiousinstitutions.

7.Itisquiteimpossibleforpeoplefromdifferentculturestohavesimilartime

orientation.

8.Peoplewhodonotkeepappointmentareoftenconsideredor?

9.Thecarefuldivisionoftimeisgreatlyinfluencedby.

10.TraditionplaysalimitedroleintheAmericancultureconsidering.

PassageTwo

TheInternationalMonetaryFund

In1944,officialsfromforty-fournationsgatheredtogetherforahistoricmeetingatBretton

WoodsintheUnitedStates.Theywantedtomakeprovisionsfortheeconomicproblemsthey

expectedtofollowtheendoftheWorldWarILTheseeffortsresultedintheformationofthe

InternationalMonetaryFund,whichwasofficiallyestablishedonDecember27,1945,with30

members.MembershipintheIMFisopentoeverysovereign（主權(quán)）statethatiswillingandable

tofulfillitsobligation.TheFundhasgrownrapidly,andhas183countriesbytheendof2000.

ChinaresumedhermembershipofIMFinApril1980.

ObjectiveoftheIMF

TheIMFisestablishedtopromoteinternationalmonetarycooperationandexchangestability,

toavoidcompetitiveexchangedepreciation（貶值）andtoprovidetemporaryfinancialassistance

tocountriestohelpeasebalanceofpaymentsdeficits（赤字）.

UndertheBrettonWoodsSystem,allmembersjoiningtheFundhadtodefinetheexchange

rateo「theircurrenciesintermsofgold,whileoneounceofgoldwasequaltoexactly35US

dollars.

SincetheabandonmentoftheBrettonWoodSystems,theFundhasagreedtoalloweach

membertochooseitsownmethodofdetermininganexchangerateforitscurrency.Theonly

requirementsarethatthemembercountrynolongerbasesthevalueofitscurrencyongoldand

informsothermembersabouthowitisdeterminingthecurrency'svalue.

Atanytime,theFundkeepsonsupervising（監(jiān)督）exchangerateofthememberstatesby

askingfornecessarydatafromthemembersandbycollectingmaterialsrequiredtodiscussand

evaluatetheprevailingexchangeratePoliciesglobally.

FinanceResourcesoftheFund

Inordertoattaintheseobjectives,however,verylargefinancialreserves-areneeded.There

arethreefinancialresourcesfbrtheFund,namely,thequota（配額）subscriptions,theborrowing

moneyandthetrustfund.

ThequotaistheheartoftheInternationalMonetaryFund.Thesizeofthequotaissetbythe

Fundauthorities.Itisbasedontheeconomicimportanceofacountrybysuchindicatorsas

population,internationaltrade,andGNP.ThequotaofP.R.ChinaonJanuary28,2001,fbr

example,is4,687.2millionofSDRs（特別提款權(quán)）.Thememberstatesneedtopaysubscription

totheIMF,alsocalledmembershipfee,whichisthecontributionthatthememberstatesmust

maketotheIMPsfunds,justlikethesharecapitalpaidbyastockholdertojoininastock

company.ItisexpressedinSDRsandequalinvaluetothemember'squota.75%ofthe

subscriptionispayableinthememberstate'sowncurrencyand25%ispayableinSDRsorinone

ofthedesignated（指定）reservecurrencies.VotingpowerandqualificationtodrawontheFund

arelinkedtothesizeofthequota.Quotaisimportantbecauseitdeterminesthemaximum

amountthatthemembercandrawoutintimesofdifficulty.Quotasarereviewedeveryfive

yearsandadjustedaccordingly.

Beginningwith1956,IMFactivitiesincreasedsharply,mainlybecauseoflargedrawingsby

theUnitedKingdomtocopewithvariouscrisesoftheBritishmonetarysystem.Sincethen

stepshavebeentakentostrengthentheFund'sresources.Besidesfourgeneralquotaincreases,

theFundhasalsoSoldgoldtoitsprincipalmemberstoincreaseitsholdingsoftheircurrencies.

In1962,theFundenteredinto"generalarrangementtoborrow”.Inthese,theleadingnations

agreedtolendituptotheequivalentof$6billion.Byborrowingmoneyfrommember

governmentsortheirmonetaryauthorities,theFundassistsspecialprogramsthatbenefitits

members.

In1976,IMFdecidedtosellone-sixthofitsgoldatthemarketrateduringfouryearsanduse

theprofitob-minedasTrustFund.Thepurposewastoprovideprimeloanstothelow-income

countries.

LoanandRepayments

Asaninternationalregulatoryandfinancinginstitution,theFundisentitledtoexercise

supervisionoverthepoliciesofitsmembercountries'owncurrencywithgold,oracurrency

acceptabletotheFundorSDRs.

1.Normalcredit

ThisisthemostbasickindofloanprovidedbytheIMFtosolvethetemporarydifficultywith

themember'sbalanceofpayments.Themaximumamountofsuchacreditis125%ofthe

member'squotasubscriptionsandthetermisthreetofiveyears.

TheFundusesitsfinancialresourcestoassistitsmemberstoresolvetheir

balance-of^paymentsproblemsinamannerthatisconsistentwithastableinternationalornational

prosperity.TheFundconductsoperationsonlyWiththeministryoffinance,central-bank,and

similarfinancialinstitutionsofitsmembers.Wheneveritmakesaloanitprovidesforeign

currenciesorSDRsfromitsholdingstotheborrower,andtheborrowerpaystheFundthe

equivalentamountinitsowncurrency.Aloan,calledadrawing,thusconsistsofamember's

purchase-offoreigncurrenciesorSDRswithitsowncurrency.

2.Specialfacilities

Tohelpthemembercountriessolvesomespecialproblems,theFundprovidesthemsome

specialfacilities,suchastheOilFacility,theTrustFundFacility,andtheStructuralAdjustment

Facility.Eachofthespecialfacilitiesistargetedataspecificmonetaryproblem.

3.Repayments

MembersundertakerepaymentstotheFundwithinamaximumofthreetofiveyears,which

incertaincasescanbeextendeduptotenyears.Earlierrepurchasesareoftenmadeeither

voluntarilyoraccordingtoarequirementthatamembermakesarepurchaseifitsgoldandforeign

exchangereservesincreasesufficiently.

SpecialDrawingRights(SDRs)

TheSDRsarespecialrightstoborrowordrawfromtheIMFextendedbytheIMFtoits

membercountriesasanadditiontothegeneraldrawingrightstheyalreadyhold.SDRsdonot

representactualmoney,butsimplyaformofcredit.SDRsmaybeexchangedbetweenmember

countriesorbetweenthosecountriesandIMF.

SDRsaredistributedamongmembercountriesinproportiontotheirsubscriptiontotheIMF.

AtfirstthevalueoftheSDRswasexpressedintermsofgold.Since1974,theSDR'svaluehas

beenbasedonabasketofcuiTencieswhoseallocationisreviewedeveryfiveyears.

1.ThispassageismeanttotellreadershowIMFworks.

2.ChinajoinedtheIMFinApril1980.

3.AftertheabandonmentoftheBrettonWoodSystems,oneounceofgoldwasworth

morethan35dollars.

4.ThesizeofthequotaofacountryisindicatedbyitsGNP.

5.WhenamembercountrypaysmembershipfeetotheIMF,itsvalueisasmuchasits

quota.

6.TheIMFgivesatmostfiveyearsforitsmemberstorepaytheirloans.

7.TheIMFmemberscannotexchangetheirSDRsbecauseSDRsdonotrepresent

actualmoney.

8.EverysovereignstatecanbecomeamemberoftheIMFaslongasitis.

9.TheTrustFundwasaimedat.

10.Inordertohelpthememberstosolvetemporaryproblemswiththeirbalanceof

payments,theIMFprovidethemaloancalled.

〔PassageThree|

TheRoleofHomepage

Therearemanymetaphors(比口俞)fortheroleofhomepagesintheuserexperience.Allhave

somerelevancebecausethehomepagedoesplaymanyroles.Notallmetaphorsareequallyvalid,

however,andsomeofthemcanbemisleadingiftheydominateyourthinking.Thesearesomeof

themorecommonmetaphorsforhomepages:

Magazinecover

Theprimarybusinessgoalofacoveristomakeyoupickupthemagazinefromaseaof

hundredsofthematthenewsstand.Incontrast,usersdon'tseethehomepageuntiltheyhave

alreadydecidedtopickoutthewebsiteandvisitit.Thus,homepagesdon'tneedtostandoutand

grabtheuser*sattentionbecausetheuserwillalreadybelookingatthem.Asecondaryjobofa

magazinecoveristodefinebyexamplethecontent,style,andsoforthinsidethemagazine.This

areaiswhereyoucanlearnthemostlessonsforwebdesign.

Yourfacetotheworld

Theoldsayinggoesthatyougetonlyonechancetomakeafirstimpression.Ontheweb

youreallygetonlyonechancetomakeanyimpression.Whenthefirstimpressionisn'tgood,

youdon*tgetasecondchancebecausetheuserwillneverreturn.Atthesametime,webdesignis

interactiondesign,andtheexperiencethatfollowsafterusersenterthesiteiskey.Contrarytoa

beautycontest,youcan'tbetoosuperficialonahomepage;youneedtocarryoutthepromises.

Artwork

Peoplelookatartworkintwosteps:theyfirstgivethepieceaquicklooktoseewhetherit

intereststhematall.Thentheytakethetimetoreallylookatthepieceandappreciateoranalyze

it.Manydesignteamsthinkoftheirhomepageasartworkandinvestonlyinthevisualrather

thantheinteractiondesignofthepage.Yourhomepage'svisualdesignshould,ofcourse,be

cleanandprofessionalsincecustomersdotakeafirstimpressionfromthisdesign.Unlikeartwork,

however,theyarenotgoingtojustsitandenjoythehomepageafterthey'vedecidedit'sworth

checkingout.Thehomepageisjustasteppingstonetotheirtruedestinationinsideyoursite.

Therefore,alwaysinvestmoreintheinteractiondesignofyoursite.

Buildinglobby

Alobbyisnotadestinationinitself;youjustpassthroughit.Thehomepagetooisthe

entrancepointandmakesthetraffictopassindifferentdirections.Thuseveryhomepageneeds

goodsignage（標記）likethesignsinahospitallobbyforthedifferentwards（病房）and

departments.Hospitalsignagegivesproperpriorityforurgentdestinationsliketheemergency

roomorlaboranddelivery,andyourwebsiteshouldprioritizeusers'destinations,too.

Companyreceptionist

Relatedtothelobbymetaphoristheideaofahumanbeingwhodirectsvisitorstotheright

place,welcomesreturningcustomers,providesfriendlyandhelpfulguidance,andmakespeople

feelcaredfor.Theseareallvaluablequalitiesfbrahomepagebutcanresultinannoyingand

interruptive^assistants"iftakentooliterally.

Booktableofcontents

Thedesignforthetableofcontentsfbrabookfocusesongettingyoutooneplaceand

providesahierarchical（分等級的）overview.Bygivingyoualistofchoices,thetableofcontents

getsyoudirectlytoyourchoicethroughpagenumbers.Thismetaphoristheonethatcomes

closesttothemechanicsofhypertext（超文本）link,whichisthefoundationofwebuse.

Newspaperfrontpage

Thefrontpageofanewspaperpresentsashort,prioritizedoverviewofmostimportantnews.

Frontpageshavetheadvantageofbeingeditedbyanauthoritywhoselectsthecontentfrommany

contributors.Becauseoftheirregular-publishingschedule,newspapershavetimetofocusonthe

frontpagetogetitfight.Thismetaphorshouldnotbetakenliterallysinceaprintednewspaperisa

once-per-dayproductthatisupdatedona24-hourschedule.Websitesmightneedtobeupdated

manytimesadayorjustafewtimesamonth.Anewspaperalsomighthavemanyother

elementsbesidesthenews,butitdoesn'thavetorepresentthemallonthefrontpage,becausethe

standardformat（格式）fbr-anewspaperissorecognizable.Websitesneedtorepresentmanymore

servicesonthehomepagebecausethestyleislessestablishedthannewspaper.

Allthesemetaphorshavesometruthtothem,buteachhaswaysinwhichitdiffersfromthe

truenatureofhomepages.Websitesarenotartwork,newspapers,building,orpeople.Itis

dangeroustotakeasinglemetaphoranduseonlythat.Notonlythat,itishardtodesigna

homepagebecauseitmusthaveaspectsofallthemetaphors.Mostdesignsgotoofarinone

direction.

Thehomepagehasmultiplegoals-andtheusersalsohavemultiplegoals.Sometimesauser

arrivesatahomepagetofindoutwhatthecompanydoes-maybetoinvestinitorperhapstoplace

inonashortlistofpossiblevendors（賣主）.Sometimesauserisresearchingaspecificpurchase,

andsometimesauserneedstogetserviceandsupportforproductsheorshealreadyowns.

Troubleis,ifsoftenthesamepersonwhoflits（突然換位）betweengoalsfromonevisittothe

next.It*snotpossibletosimplydividetheusers,fitthemintoneatlittleboxes,andprovidea

narrowrangeofchoicestoeachtype-ofuser.

Inexperiencedusersoftenfeeloverwhelmedbyhomepagesthatdon*tclearlyhelpthem

understandtheiroptions.Whentheycan*tunderstandawebsite;usersmaybecomeembarrassed

andblamethemselves;youwillrarelyhearfromthem.Theywilljust-leavethesiteandturnto

placesthatfeelmorewelcoming.

1.Thispassagemainlydiscussesthedifferentrolesofhomepagebyanalyzingseveral

metaphorsrelatedtohomepages.

2.Incontrasttothehomepage,amagazinecoverneedstostandoutandgrabthe

reader'sattention.

3.Ifthehomepagedoesn'tmakeagoodfirstimpressiononthevisitors,itshouldtryto

impressthemontheirsecondvisit.

4.Moreattentionshouldbepaidtotheinteractiondesignofthewebsite.

5.Unlikethelobbyofabuilding,manyhomepagesdon*thavegoodsignagethat

prioritizesuser'sdestinations.

6.Thehomepagepossessingthevaluablequalitiesofareceptionistwillbecome

annoyingtovisitors.

7.Websitesandnewspapersaresimilarthattheybothneedtobeupdatedonce24hours.

8.Youcanlearnthemostlessonsforwebdesignfrommagazinecoverinitsjobof

illustrating.insidethemagazine,

9.Thehomepageneedstohavevisualdesignsoastoimpressthecustomers

atthefirstsight.

10.Theisusuallyregardedasthefoundationofwebuse.

PassageFour

RenewableEnergy

Howdoesenergyuseaffecttheenvironment?

Allformsofelectricitygenerationhavesomelevelofenvironmentalimpact.However,clean

energytechnologies,includingrenewableenergyandcombinedheatandpower,havefewer

impactsthanothersourcesofelectricitygeneration.

Tolearnabouttheenvironmentalimpactsofelectricitygenerationtechnologies,clickonan

energysourcebelow.HowcleanistheelectricityIuse?

IntheUnitedStates,electricityisgeneratedinmanydifferentways,withawidevariationin

environmentalimpact.Traditionalmethodsofelectricityproductioncontributetoairquality

problemsandtheriskofglobalclimatechange.

Withtheadventofelectriccustomerchoice,manyelectricitycustomerscannowchoosethe

sourceoftheirelectricity,Infact,youmightnowhavetheoptionofchoosingcleaner,more

environmentallyfriendlysourcesofenergy.

HowcanImakeadifference?

Theenergydecisionswemakeeverydaycanencouragethedevelopmentofnewpower

sources,savenaturalresources,andhelpensurethatthequalityofourenvironmentispreserved.

Inmanypartsofthecountry,consumersnowhavetheopportunitytochoosethesourceofthe

powerthatisdeliveredtotheirhomeorbusiness-includingenergyderivedfromrenewable

sources.

"Renewableenergy"generallyreferstoelectricitysuppliedfromrenewableenergysources,

suchaswindandsolarpower(energysuppliedbythesun),geothermal(energycreatedfrom

theextremeheatcontainedinliquidrock—calledmagma(巖漿)—withintheEarth'score),

hydropower(energyderivedfromthemovementofwaterasitflowsdownstream),andvarious

formsofbiomass(fuelfromsourcessuchastrees,woodandagriculturalwastesandfuelcrops).

Theseenergysourcesareconsideredrenewablebecausetheyarecontinuouslyreplenishedonthe

Earth.

Inaddition,mobilesourcesofairpollution——suchascars,trucks,trainsand

lawnmowers-alsocontributetoairpollutionnationwideandareanimportantsourceofair

pollutioninmanyurbanareas.

HydrogenEnergy

Usinghydrogenenergycouldhelpaddressmanyconcernsfacingournationandourworld.

Webelievehydrogencan-contributetoresolvingtheseissuesforthesereasons:

Firstly,hydrogencanbemadefromavarietyofdomesticfeedstockslikewater,biomass,coal

andnaturalgas.

Second,hydrogenisnon-toxic(無毒的)，non-poisonous-andwillnotcontributeto

groundwaterpollution.Itdoesnotcreate"fUmes”orotherharmfulemissions;infact,using

hydrogeninfuelcellsproducesonlyelectricityandpurewater.

Furthermore,hydrogenisakeyenablerfbrthedevelopmentandmorewidespread

implementationofrenewableenergytechnologies,resultingincleanerandmoreefficientproducts

inthemarketplace.

Fiftymilliontonsofhydrogenisproducedeachyearworldwide,withninemilliontons

beingconsumedintheU.S.Thechallengeistobringhydrogenintotheeverydaylivesof

customersastheybegintousehydrogen-poweredvehiclesandotherapplications.

GeothermalEnergy

Ourearth*sinterior—likethesun-providesheatenergyfromnature.Thisheat-geothermal

energy-yieldswarmthandpowerthatwecanusewithoutpollutingtheenvironment.

GeothermalheatoriginatesfromEarth'sfieryconsolidationofdustandgasover4billion

yearsago.Atearth*score-4,000milesdeeptemperaturesmayreachover9,000degreesF.

SolarEnergy

Sunlight,orsolarenergy,canbeuseddirectlyfbrheatingandlightinghomesandother

buildings,fbrgeneratingelectricity,andfbrhotwaterheating,solarcooling,andavarietyof

commercialandindustrialuses.Afterthe1973oilembargo（禁運），therewasaresurgence（復(fù)蘇）

ofinterestinsolarenergy.Facedwithapossibilityofscarceoilresources,theUnitedStates

governmentallocated$400millionperyear,fromamere$1millionperyear,fbrsolarenergy

research.Theexpenditureissmallcomparedtotheexpenditureonnuclearresearch.Currently,

thereisaneedfbrallocatingincreasedresourcesinsolarresearch.Comparedtotheoldfbnnsof

reducibleenergy（coal,oil,nuclear）,solarenergyoffersacleanrenewableformof