北京市順義區(qū)2025屆高三下學(xué)期一模英語試題（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試題PAGEPAGE1北京市順義區(qū)2025屆高三下學(xué)期一模英語試題第一部分知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Over20yearsago,VirginiaSquierledsomestudentstovisitEngland.Shealsobroughtalongher8-year-olddaughterChambers.Onedayataround5pm,theywereonapacked___1___intheLondonUnderground.WhileSquierbegancountingherstudents,atrainstopped.Suddenly,herdaughter___2___Squier’shand,jumpedonthetrain,andthedoorsbegantoclose.Seeingherdaughter’s___3___facethroughtheglass,Squier’sheartraced,andsheshouteddesperately,tryingtoreachouttoChambers.Butthetraingathered___4___andpulledoutofthestation.ThelastthingshesawwasChamberscryingandpoundinghersmallfistsagainsttheglass.BehindChambers,ayoungmandressedinblackleatherwithadogcollararoundhisneckroseandstarted___5___Chambers.Terrified,Squiersearchedforanemployee.Butthelanguagebarriermadehersituation___6___.WhenSquierfocusedongettingtheemployeetounderstandherrequest,“She’sback,”herstudentssaid.Squierturnedandtherewasherlittlegirl.Themanonthetrainhadwitnessedwhathadhappenedandsteppedintohelp.He___7___Chambersandguidedheroffthetrainatthenextstop.Theythenboardedanothertrainheadedbacktohermother.“Mypreviousthoughtthathewas___8___wasdestroyed,”Squiersaid.“Irememberlookingupathimandthenbreakingdown,huggingmysobbing(啜泣)child.WhenIlookedupagaintothankhim,hewasgone.”Squiersaysthemandidn’tjustsaveherdaughter.Hechangedthewayshe___9___theworld,andtaughthertobeamore____10____person.Tothisday,sheremembershimwhenevershe’sabouttojudgesomeonebyappearance.1.A.bridge B.platform C.stair D.walkway2.A.fellbackon B.heldup C.playedwith D.letgoof3.A.expressive B.serious C.panicked D.indifferent4.A.steam B.speed C.passengers D.goods5.A.seizing B.dragging C.approaching D.helping6.A.difficult B.manageable C.unstable D.unique7.A.praised B.comforted C.scared D.challenged8.A.frightening B.mysterious C.sympathetic D.ambitious9.A.keepsoff B.makesup C.turnsto D.movesthrough10.A.grateful B.inspiring C.careful D.accepting【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.B5.C6.A7.B8.A9.D10.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了Squier帶學(xué)生去英國參觀時，在地鐵上與女兒走散，一個外表看似嚇人的年輕人幫助了她女兒的故事，這件事改變了她對世界的看法?！?題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一天下午5點左右，他們在倫敦地鐵擁擠的站臺上。A.bridge橋；B.platform站臺；C.stair樓梯；D.walkway走道，人行通道。根據(jù)下文“atrainstopped”可知，火車停了，說明他們在站臺上等火車。故選B?！?題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：突然，她的女兒松開了Squier的手，跳上了火車，車門開始關(guān)閉。A.fellbackon求助于；B.heldup舉起；C.playedwith和……一起玩；D.letgoof放開。根據(jù)下文“jumpedonthetrain,andthedoorsbegantoclose”可知，女兒跳上了火車，說明她放開了媽媽的手。故選D?！?題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：透過玻璃看到她女兒那張驚慌失措的臉，Squier的心怦怦直跳，她絕望地喊著，試圖接觸到Chambers。A.expressive有表現(xiàn)力的；B.serious嚴肅的；C.panicked驚慌失措的；D.indifferent漠不關(guān)心的。根據(jù)上文“Suddenly,herdaughterletgoofSquier'shand,jumpedonthetrain,andthedoorsbegantoclose”可知，女兒突然放開了媽媽的手，跳上了火車，所以此時她的臉上應(yīng)該是驚慌失措的。故選C。【4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但火車加快了速度，駛出了車站。A.steam蒸汽；B.speed速度；C.passengers乘客；D.goods貨物。根據(jù)下文“andpulledoutofthestation”可知，火車駛出了車站，說明它加快了速度。故選B。【5題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在Chambers身后，一個穿著黑色皮衣，脖子上戴著狗項圈的年輕人站了起來，開始靠近Chambers。A.seizing抓?。籅.dragging拖拽；C.approaching靠近；D.helping幫助。根據(jù)下文“Themanonthetrainhadwitnessedwhathadhappenedandsteppedintohelp”可知，火車上的這個男人目睹了發(fā)生的一切，并且站出來幫忙，說明此時他正靠近Chambers。故選C?！?題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但語言障礙使她的處境變得困難。A.difficult困難的；B.manageable可管理的；C.unstable不穩(wěn)定的；D.unique獨特的。根據(jù)上文“Terrified,Squiersearchedforanemployee”可知，Squier很害怕，她在找工作人員幫忙，再結(jié)合but可知，此處前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以可推測出因為語言障礙，她的情況變得很困難。故選A?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他安慰了Chambers，并在下一站引導(dǎo)她下了火車。A.praised表揚；B.comforted安慰；C.scared使害怕；D.challenged挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)下文“huggingmysobbing(啜泣)child”可知，作者的女兒在啜泣，說明此時這個男人在安慰她。故選B?！?題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我之前認為他很嚇人的想法被摧毀了。A.frightening嚇人的；B.mysterious神秘的；C.sympathetic同情的；D.ambitious有野心的。根據(jù)上文“ayoungmandressedinblackleatherwithadogcollararoundhisneck”可知，這個男人穿著黑色皮衣，脖子上戴著狗項圈，所以作者之前認為他很嚇人。故選A?！?題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：他改變了她看待世界的方式，并教會了她要做一個更能接受別人的人。A.keepsoff避開；B.makesup組成；C.turnsto轉(zhuǎn)向；D.movesthrough穿過，經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)下文“theworld”可知，此處指看待世界的方式，用movethrough符合語境。故選D?！?0題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他改變了她看待世界的方式，并教會了她要做一個更能接受別人的人。A.grateful感激的；B.inspiring鼓舞人心的；C.careful仔細的；D.accepting接受的。根據(jù)上文“Squiersaysthemandidn’tjustsaveherdaughter”以及作者之前的經(jīng)歷可知，這個男人不僅救了她的女兒，還改變了她對別人的看法，讓她更能接受別人，不再以貌取人。故選D。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容或括號內(nèi)所給詞的恰當(dāng)形式填空。Veryheavytrafficonahighway,twosmallchildrenweremakinglifechallengingfortheirparents.Ateenagerasked___11___hecouldhelp.Withtheparents’___12___(permit),hestartedtoplaygameswiththem.Soon,thechildrenstoppedcrying.Astheparentswereabouttogetoffthebus,theythankedtheteen___13___(sincere)andtheteensaidhewashappytohelp.【答案】11.if##whether12.permission13.sincerely【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一位青少年主動幫助一對父母帶小孩的故事?！?1題詳析】考查賓語從句。句意：一個青少年詢問是否可以幫忙?？仗幰龑?dǎo)賓語從句，從句不缺成分，引導(dǎo)詞意為“是否”，需用連接詞whether/if引導(dǎo)。故填whether/if。【12題詳析】考查名詞。句意：在得到父母的允許后，他開始和孩子們玩起了游戲。parents’是名詞所有格，修飾名詞，空處需填名詞permission，為不可數(shù)名詞。故填permission。【13題詳析】考查副詞。句意：當(dāng)父母準備下車時，他們真誠地感謝了那個青少年，而青少年表示他很樂意幫忙。修飾動詞thanked，需用副詞sincerely，作狀語。故填sincerely。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容或括號內(nèi)所給詞的恰當(dāng)形式填空。ChineseresearchershavedisclosedanovelapplicationoftheEarthsciencesatelliteSDGSAT-1forobservingoffshoreoilandgasplatforms.Thestudy,led___14___researchersfromtheChineseAcademyofSciences(CAS),wasrecentlypublishedintheInternationalJournalofDigitalEarth.Thefunctionsofthesatelliteenableresearcherstomapplatformoperationswithgreaterprecision.___15___(develop)bytheCAS,thesatelliteprovidesimportantspace-baseddata___16___(promote)sustainabledevelopment.【答案】14.by15.Developed16.topromote【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國科學(xué)家關(guān)于地球科學(xué)衛(wèi)星SDGSAT-1在觀測近海油氣平臺方面的一項新應(yīng)用?！?4題詳析】考查介詞。句意：這項由中國科學(xué)院（CAS）研究人員主導(dǎo)的研究最近發(fā)表在《國際數(shù)字地球期刊》上。此處led為過去分詞作定語，表被動，因此用介詞by引出施動者。故填by?！?5題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：該衛(wèi)星由中國科學(xué)院研發(fā)，提供了重要的天基數(shù)據(jù)，以促進可持續(xù)發(fā)展。空處需填非謂語動詞作狀語，thesatellite和develop為邏輯動賓關(guān)系，需用過去分詞形式，位于句首，首字母需大寫。故填Developed?！?6題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意同上。空處作目的狀語，需用動詞不定式。故填topromote。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容或括號內(nèi)所給詞的恰當(dāng)形式填空。LocatedinLancangRiverbasin,JingmaiMountain___17___(list)asthefirstWorldHeritage(遺產(chǎn))ofteaculturein2023.Withnearly2,000yearsofteaplantationhistory,theheritagesiteconsistsoffiveoldteaforests___18___(cover)anareaof1,180hectares.Thelandscape___19___(integrate)vastteaplantations,ancientvillagesanddiverseethnic(民族的)cultures.It’sconsideredaharmoniouscoexistencebetweenhumansandnature,___20___alsoshowslocalpeople’swisdomtorespectandmakeuseofnature.【答案】17.waslisted18.covering19.integrates20.which【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了2023年被列為首個茶文化世界遺產(chǎn)的景邁山，包括其地理位置、悠久的茶葉種植歷史、構(gòu)成以及重要意義?！?7題詳析】考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：景邁山位于瀾滄江流域，2023年被列為首個茶文化世界遺產(chǎn)。JingmaiMountain與list之間是被動關(guān)系，即景邁山被列為世界遺產(chǎn)，根據(jù)時間狀語“in2023”可知，使用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“was/were+過去分詞”，主語JingmaiMountain是單數(shù)。故填waslisted?！?8題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：該遺產(chǎn)地擁有近2000年的茶樹種植歷史，由五片古老的茶園組成，占地面積1180公頃?？仗幮杼罘侵^語動詞作后置定語，修飾fiveoldteaforests，二者為邏輯主謂關(guān)系，需用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填covering?！?9題詳析】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：這片景觀融合了廣闊的茶園、古老的村落和多樣的民族文化。句子描述的是景邁山的一般特征，用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語Thelandscape是單數(shù)，所以謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式integrates。故填integrates?！?0題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：它被視為人與自然和諧共存的典范，同時也展現(xiàn)了當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣褡鹬刈匀弧⒗米匀坏闹腔?。空處引?dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是前面的句子，在定語從句中作主語，需用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故填which。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AARTEFFECTTheARTEFFECTannualcompetitioninvitesallstudentsingrades6-12tointerpretthestoryofanunsungherobycreatinganoriginalvisualartwork.SelectedartworkswillreceiveconsiderationfordisplayinARTEFFECTexhibitions.Rules&Guidelines·TheuseofArtificialIntelligence(AI)toolsbystudentsisprohibitedatanystageofthecreativeprocess.BeadvisedthatsubmittedartworksandImpactStatementswillbescannedforAIusage.·Studentartworksmustfocusonanunsungherochosenfromthepre-approvedlist,otherwise,studentsmustseekapprovalfromARTEFFECTpriortosubmittingtheirentry.·Studentsmayinterpretthestoriesinvariouswaysincluding—butnotlimitedto—conceptualforms,symbolsandabstraction.Multiple2Dand3Dmediumsareacceptableincludingpaintings,prints,digitalart,andsculpture.Thereisnosizelimit.·IntheImpactStatement(500-1,000words),studentsdiscusstheunsunghero'suniquecontribution,theircreativeprocessandinterpretation,andplansforsharingtheirartworkswithothers.ThewritingusesstandardEnglishconventions.Submissionmaterials·Afullycompletedonlineform,includingstudentandparentorlegalguardiandigitalsignatures.·High-resolutionartworkimages(jpgorpngformat,5MBlimit).Atleastoneimageisrequiredfor2Dartworks,andthreeimagesarerequiredfor3Dartworks.·AwrittenImpactStatement.EntriestothecompetitionaresubmittedonlinebythedeadlineonSunday,April27,2025.Thereisnoentryfee.21.WhatdoweknowaboutARTEFFECT?A.Ittakesplacetwiceayear. B.Itdisplaysartworksbyheroes.C.Itisopentostudentsaged6-12. D.Ittellsstoriesofunsungheroes.22.Accordingtotherulesandguidelines,studentscould____________.A.createavisualartworkofanysize B.useAItoolsinthecreativeprocessC.writea2,000-wordImpactStatement D.chooseanunsungherowithoutapproval23.Whichisarequirementforsubmission?A.Gettingateacher’sdigitalsignature. B.SendingtheentrybyApril27.C.Attachingphotosoftheartist. D.Payingtheentryfee.【答案】21.D22.A23.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了ARTEFFECT年度比賽的相關(guān)信息，包括比賽主題、規(guī)則與指南以及提交材料的要求等信息?！?1題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“TheARTEFFECTannualcompetitioninvitesallstudentsingrades6-12tointerpretthestoryofanunsungherobycreatinganoriginalvisualartwork.(ARTEFFECT年度比賽邀請所有6-12年級的學(xué)生通過創(chuàng)作原創(chuàng)視覺藝術(shù)作品來詮釋一位無名英雄的故事。)”可知，ARTEFFECT是講述無名英雄的故事。故選D?！?2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Rules&Guidelines部分的“Studentartworksmustfocusonanunsungherochosenfromthepre-approvedlist,otherwise,studentsmustseekapprovalfromARTEFFECTpriortosubmittingtheirentry.(學(xué)生的藝術(shù)作品必須聚焦于從預(yù)先批準的名單中選擇的一位無名英雄，否則，學(xué)生在提交作品前必須獲得ARTEFFECT的批準。)”和“Thereisnosizelimit.(（作品）沒有尺寸限制。)”可知，根據(jù)規(guī)則和指南，學(xué)生可以創(chuàng)作任何尺寸的視覺藝術(shù)作品。故選A。【23題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Submissionmaterials部分的“EntriestothecompetitionaresubmittedonlinebythedeadlineonSunday,April27,2025.Thereisnoentryfee.(參賽作品需于2025年4月27日（周日）截止日期前在線提交，無需參賽費。)”可知，提交的要求是在4月27日之前提交作品。故選B。BIn2010,fourfriends,carrying32kgworthofcameraequipment,sunkbeneaththewavesofSodwanaBay,offtheeastcoastofSouthAfrica.Itwasthenthatphotographer,LaurentBallestastareddirectlyintotheeyesofacreatureoncethoughttohavediedoutwiththedinosaurs—makinghimthefirstdivertophotographalivingcoelacanth(腔棘魚).Butwhatdoesittaketobeatrulygreatoceanphotographer?Danger,saysBallesta.“Irealisedthateverytimeadiveiseasy,myphotosarenotgood,”hesays.“IneedtofeelI’minanuncomfortablesituationtogivemybest.IfyouputmeintheRedSeain20mofwarmwater—Idon’ttakebetterimagesthanothers.”Inanextremesituationontheotherhand—oneinwhichhefeelsheshouldn’tbeallowed,thathistimeislimited,thereisanurgency—aswitchclicks.ThankstoBallesta’swork,wenowknowthecoelacanthisamongthelongest-livingfishspecies,withalifeofaround100years,andhasoneoftheslowestlifehistoriesofalloceanfish.Long-livedspeciesareespeciallysensitivetonaturalandhumanstressors,anditisonlybyobservingthesecreaturesintheirownhabitatthatwecanreallybegintounderstandthem.ThecoelacanthexplorationwasaspringboardforBallesta’sexplorationcareer.In2019,Ballestapioneeredanewdivingtechnique,whichwouldallowcommercialdiverstosinktogreatdepths.Heusedanelectronicallymanagedrebreatherforautonomousdeepseaexploration—makinghimthefirstpersontotakewhatcouldbedescribedasanuntiedspacewalkdeepundertheocean.Ballestaisbothanartistandascientist.Hisworkactsasawindowintotheunknown—onethatwecanalllookthrough.24.WhatwasLaurentBallesta’ssignificantachievementin2010?A.ExploringbeneaththeSodwanaBay. B.Takingphotosofalivingcoelacanth.C.Findingthesecretofdinosaurextinction. D.Divingwiththeheaviestcameraequipment.25.WhatmakesLaurentBallestagivehisbest?A.Fiercecompetitions. B.Newdivingtechnique.C.Seaanimalknowledge. D.Challengingsituations.26.Welearnthatlong-livedfishspecies___________.A.livealifeofover100years B.havetheslowestlifehistoriesC.aresensitivetohumanactivities D.areeasytoadapttonewecosystems27.WhatkindofpersonisLaurentBallesta?A.Carefulandpassionate. B.Braveandcreative.C.Modestandhardworking. D.Toughandcompetitive.【答案】24.B25.D26.C27.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了海洋攝影師LaurentBallesta在2010年拍攝到了被認為已經(jīng)滅絕的腔棘魚的活體照片，這一成就開啟了他的探索生涯。【24題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Itwasthenthatphotographer,LaurentBallestastareddirectlyintotheeyesofacreatureoncethoughttohavediedoutwiththedinosaurs—makinghimthefirstdivertophotographalivingcoelacanth.(就在那時，攝影師LaurentBallesta直視著一種曾被認為與恐龍一起滅絕的生物的眼睛——這使他成為第一個拍攝到活體腔棘魚照片的潛水員。)”可知，LaurentBallesta在2010年的重大成就是拍攝到活著的腔棘魚的照片。故選B。【25題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“IneedtofeelI’minanuncomfortablesituationtogivemybest.(我需要感覺到自己處于不舒服的環(huán)境中，才能全力以赴。)”可知，讓LaurentBallesta全力以赴的是具有挑戰(zhàn)性的環(huán)境。故選D?！?6題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Long-livedspeciesareespeciallysensitivetonaturalandhumanstressors.(長壽物種對自然和人類壓力因素特別敏感。)”可知，長壽魚類對人類活動很敏感。故選C?！?7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“IneedtofeelI’minanuncomfortablesituationtogivemybest.(我需要感覺到自己處于不舒服的環(huán)境中，才能全力以赴。)”和第四段“Heusedanelectronicallymanagedrebreatherforautonomousdeepseaexploration—makinghimthefirstpersontotakewhatcouldbedescribedasanuntiedspacewalkdeepundertheocean.(他使用電子管理的循環(huán)呼吸器進行自主深海探索——這使他成為第一個在深海進行所謂‘無束縛太空漫步’的人。)”此可知，LaurentBallesta是一個勇敢且有創(chuàng)造力的人。故選B。CTheGreatTitisoneofthemostfamiliarbirdspeciesinEuropeandAsia—andoneofthemostinteresting.Thespeciesshowsacognitive(認知的)capacitythatisamazingforaslightbirdweighingonly18grams.Itproducesfalsealarmstoscareotherbirdsoffseedfeedersandknocksonkitchenwindowstogetfeedersrefilled.OncoldwinterdaysGreatTitsdrumonbeehives,whereuponthebeeswillcomewalkingout,easyvictimforthehungrybirds.Incombinationwiththebird’sbroadfoodpreferences,itsclevernesshasresultedinanunusualresponsetourbanization.By“unusual,”ImeanthatGreatTitsnotonlygetbybutthrive.Urbanization,whichinvolveslanddevelopment,isanincreasingproblemforwildanimalstheworldover.Stressorssuchaspollution,noise,artificiallightandthelower-qualityfoodfoundincitiesareconsideredunhealthyforanimals.Inastudy,ImeasuredlevelsofCORT,acommonstresshormoneinbirds,in188urbanandruralGreatTits.Contrarytoexpectations,theurbanbirdshadconsistentlylowerlevelsofCORTthanforestbirds.Thisfindingisevenmoreremarkablewhenyouconsiderthaturbanpopulationsaredenserthanforestones,whichshouldincreasecompetitionforterritoriesandfoodandhencerampupstress.AdaptabilityhasalsoallowedGreatTitstocolonize(占據(jù))ahabitatthatisinobviouscontrasttoanurbanone.Originatinginthetemperatedeciduous(落葉的)forests,thelittlebirdisnowcommoninborealconiferousforests(北方針葉林).ThespecieslivedandgrewinlargenumbersinnorthernSwedenintheearly1900sduringtheconstructionofrailroads.Birdfeedinghasalongtraditioninthiscountry,andtherailbuilderstookalikingtothebirds,nailinguptheirleftoverporkfatattheentrancestothehutswheretheyslept.Astherailroadsextendednorthward,theGreatTitsfollowed.Nowadaystheyarecommoninthishabitat,butwhenthecoldwintertakeshold,theyleavetheforestsandemergeatbirdfeedersinnearbytownsandfarms.CognitionintheParidae(山雀科)familyisinterestinganddifferentspeciespracticeoneoftwoentirelydifferentwinteringstrategies.Unliketheircloserelatives,whicharespecialiststhatstoremanythousandsoffooditemsinseparatelocationsaswinterfood,theGreatTits,incontrast,donotstorefoodatall.Curiousandinnovative,theyinsteadobtainfoodinallpossibleandseeminglyimpossibleways,especiallyfromhumans.Themorewelearnaboutanimalcognition,thebetterwewillbeabletoanswerquestionsonmanyquestionsinvolvingtheawarenessofanimals:Isitjustifiable,forexample,tokeepcognitivelyadvancedanimalssuchasapesanddolphinscaged?28.WhatdoweknowabouttheGreatTit?A.Itrespondstourbanizationoutofexpectation.B.Itfrightensawayotherbirdstodefendterritory.C.Itmainlyreliesonhuman-providedfoodsources.D.Ittransformsurbanstressorsintosurvivaladvantages.29.Whatdoesthephrase“rampup”underlinedinParagraph2probablymean?A.Adjustsharply. B.Maintainstably. C.Increasegradually. D.Varyconsistently.30.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph3?A.WeatherconditiondrivesGreatTitsurbanized.B.GreatTitspreferhabitatswithbirdfeedingtradition.C.HumanbehaviorhelpstoincreasethenumberofGreatTits.D.CognitionenablesGreatTitstosurvivevariedenvironment.31.Itisimpliedinthispassagethatweshould__________.A.leavealittleroomforanimalstousetheirsmartsB.giveanimalsjustifiablerightstocompeteforhabitatsC.buildmorereservestokeepcognitivelyadvancedanimalsD.conductmoreresearchesinvolvingtheawarenessofanimals【答案】28.A29.C30.D31.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。本文介紹了大山雀這種鳥類，包括其認知能力、對城市化的適應(yīng)、棲息地的變化以及其在冬季的生存策略，并引發(fā)了對動物認知能力和對待動物方式的思考?！?8題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Incombinationwiththebird’sbroadfoodpreferences,

itsclevernesshasresultedinanunusualresponsetourbanization.(再加上這種鳥對食物的廣泛偏好，它的聰明導(dǎo)致了它對城市化做出了不同尋常的反應(yīng)。)”和第二段“By“unusual,”ImeanthatGreatTitsnotonlygetbybutthrive.(所說的“不同尋?！笔侵复笊饺覆粌H過得去，而且茁壯成長。)”以及“Contrarytoexpectations,theurbanbirdshadconsistentlylowerlevelsofCORTthanforestbirds.(與預(yù)期相反，城市鳥類的CORT水平一直低于森林鳥類。)”可知，大山雀對城市化的適應(yīng)情況出乎意料，它不僅適應(yīng)了城市化，而且還在城市中茁壯成長。故選A?！?9題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“Thisfindingisevenmoreremarkablewhenyouconsiderthaturbanpopulationsaredenserthanforestones,whichshouldincreasecompetitionforterritoriesandfoodandhencerampupstress.(當(dāng)你考慮到城市種群比森林種群更密集時，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)就更加引人注目了，這應(yīng)該會增加對領(lǐng)地和食物的競爭，從而_____壓力。)”可知，城市種群更密集，對領(lǐng)地和食物的競爭應(yīng)該會增加，從而“增加”壓力，由此可知，“rampup”在此處意為“增加”。故選C?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“AdaptabilityhasalsoallowedGreatTitstocolonize(占據(jù))ahabitatthatisinobviouscontrasttoanurbanone.Originatinginthetemperatedeciduous(落葉的)forests,thelittlebirdisnowcommoninborealconiferousforests(北方針葉林).(適應(yīng)能力也讓大山雀能夠在與城市截然不同的棲息地中定居。這種小鳥起源于溫帶落葉林，現(xiàn)在在北方針葉林中很常見。)”可知，大山雀不僅適應(yīng)了城市環(huán)境，還能在北方針葉林這樣的不同環(huán)境中生存，這體現(xiàn)了它的認知能力使其能夠適應(yīng)不同的環(huán)境。故選D?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Themorewelearnaboutanimalcognition,thebetterwewillbeabletoanswerquestionsonmanyquestionsinvolvingtheawarenessofanimals:Isitjustifiable,forexample,tokeepcognitivelyadvancedanimalssuchasapesanddolphinscaged?(我們對動物認知了解得越多，我們就能越好地回答許多涉及動物意識的問題：例如，把認知能力高的動物，如猿和海豚關(guān)在籠子里，這是合理的嗎？)”可知，我們應(yīng)該尊重動物的認知能力，給它們留出一些空間，讓它們能夠自由地發(fā)揮自己的聰明才智。故選A。DImagineyou’redrivingdownthehighwayandnoticethatyouarerunninglowonfuel.YourGPSshows10gasstationsaheadonyourroute.Naturally,youwantthecheapestoption.Doyoucontinueexploringandriskregretforrejectingthebirdinhand?Youwon’tdoubleback,soyoufaceanow-or-neverchoice.Whatstrategymaximizesyourchancesofpickingthecheapeststation?Researchershavestudiedthis“best-choiceproblem”,whichsuggeststhathumanstendtofallshortoftheoptimal(最優(yōu)的)strategy.Amazingly,theoptimalstrategyresultsinthenumber-onepickbeingselectedalmost37percentofthetime,anditssuccessratedoesn’tdependonthenumberofcandidates.Evenwithabillionoptionsandarefusaltosettleforsecondbest,youcouldfindyourneedleinahaystack(干草垛)morethanathirdofthetime.Thewinningstrategyissimple:Rejectthefirstaround37percentofthechoicesnomatterwhat.Thenpickthefirstoptionthatisbetterthanalltheothersyou'veencounteredsofar.(Ifyouneverfindsuchanoption,takethefinalone.)Addingtothefun,mathematicians’favoritelittleconstant,e=2.7182...,rearsitsheadinthesolution.AlsoknownasEuler’snumber,eholdsfameforcroppingupallacrossthemathematicallandscapeinseeminglyunrelatedsettings—includinginthebest-choiceproblem.Infact,thosereferencesto37percentintheoptimalstrategyandcorrespondingprobabilityofsuccessareactually1/e,orabout0.368.Themagicnumbercomesfromthetensionbetweenwantingtoseeenoughsamplestofeelinformationofoptionsandnotwantingtowaittoolongincasethebestpassyouby.Theproofarguesthat1/ebalancestheseforces.Theproblemgeneratesthousandsofhitsontheinternetasmathematicianscontinuetostudyitsmanyvariants:Whatifyou’reallowedtopickmorethanoneoption,andyouwinifanyofyourchoicesarethebest?Whatifanopponentchosetheorderingoftheoptionstotrickyou?Whatifyoudon’trequiretheabsolutebestchoiceandwouldfeelsatisfiedwithsecondorthird?Researchersstudysuchwhen-to-stopscenarios(設(shè)想)inabranchofmathcalledoptimalstoppingtheory.Researchfindsthatpeopletendtostoptheirsearchtooearly.Soapplyingthe37percentrulecouldimproveyourdecision-making,butbesuretodouble-checkthatyoursituationmeetsalltheconditions:aknownnumberofrankableoptionsisbeingpresentedoneatatimeinanyorder,youwantthebest,andyoucan’tdoubleback.32.WhydoestheauthormentiontheconstanteinParagraph3?A.Justifyacomparison. B.Evaluateastatement.C.Provideatheoreticalbasis. D.Proposeanewsolution.33.Whichsituationmostagreeswiththestrategymentionedinthepassage?A.Evaluateeverycandidate. B.Skipsomelunchspecials.C.Buythelatestreferencebook. D.Jointheshortestcheckoutline.34.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.WhyPeopleOftenFailinMakingtheBestDecisions.B.TheBestDecisionDependsonYourMathAbility.C.HowtoConnectOptimalStrategywiththeMagice.D.ElegantMathProblemFindstheBestChoices.【答案】32.C33.B34.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了“最佳選擇問題”的最優(yōu)策略，即37%法則，以及該策略背后的數(shù)學(xué)原理和應(yīng)用條件?！?2題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“AlsoknownasEuler’snumber,eholdsfameforcroppingupallacrossthemathematicallandscapeinseeminglyunrelatedsettings—includinginthebest-choiceproblem.Infact,thosereferencesto37percentintheoptimalstrategyandcorrespondingprobabilityofsuccessareactually1/e,orabout0.368.(e也被稱為歐拉數(shù)，它在數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域以出現(xiàn)在看似無關(guān)的環(huán)境中而聞名，包括在最佳選擇問題中。事實上，最優(yōu)策略中提到的37%和相應(yīng)的成功概率實際上是1/e，即約0.368。)”可知，作者提到常數(shù)e是為了給“最佳選擇問題”的最優(yōu)策略提供一個理論基礎(chǔ)，說明37%這個比例是如何得出的。故選C?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Thewinningstrategyissimple:Rejectthefirstaround37percentofthechoicesnomatterwhat.Thenpickthefirstoptionthatisbetterthanalltheothersyou'veencounteredsofar.(獲勝的策略很簡單：無論如何，先拒絕前37%左右的選擇。然后選擇第一個比你到目前為止遇到的所有其他選擇都更好的選項。)”可知，文章中提到的策略是先觀察一部分選項，然后從中選擇最好的，這與“跳過一些午餐特價菜，然后從中選擇最滿意的”這一情境最為相似，即都涉及到先跳過一部分選項再做選擇。故選B?！?4題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了“最佳選擇問題”的最優(yōu)策略，即37%法則，以及該策略背后的數(shù)學(xué)原理和應(yīng)用條件。文章的重點在于介紹這個數(shù)學(xué)問題和它的解決方案，因此選項D“優(yōu)雅的數(shù)學(xué)問題找到了最佳選擇”最能概括文章的主旨，作為標題最合適。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Whetherit’stheecho(回聲)ofbeepingtillsinasupermarketorthehissingofacoffeemachineinyourlocalcafé,thebrainisconstantlyworkingtodecode(解碼)hundredsofnoiseseachday.Butforindividualslike25-year-oldSophie,thesebackgroundnoisescanbestressful.___35___Shesaysshecan’tfigureoutwherethey’recomingfromandcan’tcomputethemfastenough.Afterahearingtestcamebacknormal,Sophiemetaprivateaudiologist(聽覺矯正專家)forfurthertesting.Shewaseventuallydiagnosed(診斷)withauditoryprocessingdisorder(APD).___36___However,heraudiologistbelievestheoveruseofnoise-cancelingheadphones,whichSophiewearsforuptofivehoursaday,couldhaveaparttoplay.Noise-cancelingheadphonesdohaveadvantagesforlong-termearhealth.Butsomeexpertswarnthatbyblockingeverydaysounds,thebrainmay“forget”howtofilter(過濾)noise.___37___Over-relianceonnoise-cancelingheadphonesduringthisperiodmightdelaytheabilitytoprocessspeechandnoise.GreatOrmondStreetHospitalforChildrenhaveseenanincreaseindemandforassessmentsofchildrenstrugglingtohearcertainwordsinnoisyenvironments.___38___Audiologistsarecallingformoreresearchintotheimpactofnoise-cancelingheadphonesonteen’sauditoryprocessing.___39___Mobileappswith“wordinnoise”trainingexercisesarepopularforhelpingpatientsdistinguishspeechfrombackgroundnoise.Additionally,microphonesandlow-gainhearingaidscanassistinspecificsituations.Choosingheadphonesthatdon’tcompletelyblocktheearsisalsosuggested.A.ThecauseofSophie’sAPDdiagnosisisunknown.B.TreatmentforAPDcanmakeasignificantpositivedifference.C.Despitehavingnormalhearing,sheoftenstrugglestorecognizevoices.D.Shewouldleavebarsandrestaurantsearlybecauseofthestressfulnoise.E.Theynotethatthehigh-levellisteningskillsdon’tfullydevelopuntillateteens.F.Onesurveyshowed61%of18-24yearoldsprefertowatchTVwithsubtitleson.G.Hearingadiversityofsoundshelpsthebraindecidewhatisimportanttofocuson.【答案】35.C36.A37.E38.F39.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章以Sophie患聽覺處理障礙(APD)為例，介紹了APD，分析了可能的原因，如過度使用降噪耳機，并提及了相應(yīng)的治療方法。【35題詳析】上文“Butforindividualslike25yearoldSophie,thesebackgroundnoisescanbestressful.(但對于像25歲的索菲這樣的人來說，這些背景噪音可能會帶來壓力)”指出Sophie會因背景噪音感到壓力。C選項“Despitehavingnormalhearing,sheoftenstrugglestorecognizevoices.(盡管聽力正常，但她經(jīng)常難以辨認聲音)”進一步說明了Sophie在聽覺方面的困擾，與上文提到的背景噪音帶來壓力相呼應(yīng)，且與下文“Shesaysshecan’tfigureoutwherethey’recomingfromandcan’tcomputethemfastenough.(她說她搞不清聲音從哪里來，也不能快速處理這些聲音)”銜接緊密。故選C項?！?6題詳析】下文“However,heraudiologistbelievestheoveruseofnoisecancelingheadphones,whichSophiewearsforuptofivehoursaday,couldhaveaparttoplay.(然而，她的聽覺矯正專家認為，索菲每天佩戴長達五小時的降噪耳機過度使用可能起到了一定作用)”中“However”表示轉(zhuǎn)折，說明前面對于Sophie患APD的原因是不確定的。A選項“ThecauseofSophie’sAPDdiagnosisisunknown.(索菲被診斷出患有APD的原因尚不清楚)”符合上下文邏輯。故選A項?！?7題詳析】下文“Overrelianceonnoisecancelingheadphonesduringthisperiodmightdelaytheabilitytoprocessspeechandnoise.(在這個時期過度依賴降噪耳機可能會延遲處理語音和噪音的能力)”提到了“thisp