上海牛津高一下 不定式

GrammarinfinitiveUnit21To-infinitive2做演講很累。我想問您一個(gè)很難的問題。愛因斯坦收到很多邀請(qǐng)，邀他去闡述自己的理論。他的母親逼迫他離開家。為了容納更多人，上海音樂廳被擴(kuò)建。老實(shí)說，我很高興。他似乎坐在那里，專注地思考著。Togivelecturesistiring.I’dliketoaskyouadifficultquestion.Einsteinreceivedmanyinvitationstoexplainhistheories.Hismotherforcedhimtoleavehome.Toseatmorepeople,theShanghaiConcertHallwasmadelarger.Totellyouthetruth,Iwashappy.Heseemedtobesittingthereandthinkinginconcentration.3動(dòng)詞不定式由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成不定式在句中可做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)等，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。

ThefunctionsofTo-infinitive41.作主語(yǔ)2.作賓語(yǔ)3.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)4.作定語(yǔ)5.作狀語(yǔ)6.作表語(yǔ)7.作獨(dú)立成分8.與疑問詞等連用51._________和_________都可以作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞多指抽象的，概念性的動(dòng)作，或者是多次經(jīng)常性的行為不定式多表示具體的動(dòng)作，尤指是某一次的動(dòng)作。Eg:___________________________

isdangerous.玩火很危險(xiǎn)。另外，并行結(jié)構(gòu)問題__________isbelieving.______istobelieve.眼見為實(shí)。Playingwithfire/ToplaywithfireSeeingToseetodosthdoingsth1.作主語(yǔ)62.動(dòng)詞不定式做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為了句子平衡，通常用it做形式主語(yǔ)，而把不定式放在謂語(yǔ)之后。例如：

It’s+adj.(easy,difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,betteretc.)forsb.todosth.It’s+adj.(nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate,silly,selfishetc.)ofsb.todosth.73、Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.Ittakesmethreehourstofinishthehomeworkeveryday.作主語(yǔ)我每天花去三個(gè)小時(shí)完成家庭作業(yè)。Ispendthreehoursfinishingthehomeworkeveryday.84、Itcostssbsomemoneytodosth.----Itcostme100yuantogettheTVsetrepaired.9大家有疑問的，可以詢問和交流可以互相討論下，但要小聲點(diǎn)105、Itis+n.(forsb)todosth.ItismypleasuretohelpyouwithyourEnglish.

作主語(yǔ)good/badmanner,pity,shame,pleasure11_________hasnotbeendecidedyet.

什么時(shí)候動(dòng)身還沒有決定呢。_____________ortakeatrainisstillaproblem.是自駕車還是乘火車仍是一個(gè)問題6.“疑問詞+todo”WhentoleaveWhethertodrive12二、不定式作賓語(yǔ)(1)請(qǐng)牢記下列小詩(shī)：決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫。decide/determine/makeupone’smind/bedetermined,learn,want/wouldlike/desire,expect/hope/wish,refuse,manage,care,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan/prepare,agree,ask/beg,help,afford,strive,attempt等也要用不定式作賓語(yǔ)。例如：①Shepretended__________(notsee)mewhenIpassedby.②Weagreed___________(meet)herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.③Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystate–runcompaniesarestriving_______(make)theirproductsmorecompetitive.nottoseetomeettomake13todo/doing忘記去做某事忘記已經(jīng)做過某事記住去做某事記得曾經(jīng)做過某事后悔/遺憾要做某事后悔做過某事停下來去做另一件事停止做某件事情努力/試圖做某事嘗試著做某事意欲/想/企圖做某事意味著做某事接著做另一件事繼續(xù)做同一件事不能幫助做某事情不自禁地做某事14Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.(2)think/consider/find/makeit+adj.+todoThe

chairman

thought

___

necessary

to

invite

Professor

Smith

to

speak

at

the

meeting.(05全國(guó))

A.

that

B.

it

C.

this

D.

him153、動(dòng)詞＋疑問詞+todo

Idon’tknow____________next.

Shecan’tdecide_________________.

作賓語(yǔ)

2、她不能決定買哪本書。

1、我不知道接下來該做什么。whattodowhichbooktobuy=Shecan’tdecidewhichbooksheshouldbuy.know,findout,learn,wonder…161.Thesentencewants____oncemore.explainedB.toexplainC.beingexplainedD.explaining2.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot______.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoffDC173.---Didyougetajob?---No,I___,butit’snouse.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned4.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat____inmynewjob.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsBB181、動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)（sb./sth.)+todosth.1、Theteacheraskedhertoanswerthequestion.2、Thedoctortoldmetohaveagoodrest.

對(duì)賓語(yǔ)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明

常用動(dòng)詞有：beg,request,invite,ask,tell,get,require,desire,urge,allow,advise,push,drive,press,force,threaten,warn,want,wish,expect,wouldlike/love,作賓補(bǔ)特別注意：hope,demand,suggest，refuse,welcome等不能用不定式作賓補(bǔ)。19特例：allowpermitforbidencourageadviserecommendHerecommendedmetochangemywayoflife.Irecommended(you)meetinghimfirst.Herparentsencouragehertoloseweight.doingsb.todo202、動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+(tobe)adj.他們都相信這篇報(bào)道是真實(shí)的。They

all

believe

the

story

_________.我們都感到這個(gè)計(jì)劃是不明智的。We

all

felt

the

plan

___________.認(rèn)為他是最佳人選發(fā)現(xiàn)中國(guó)人很幸福tobetruetobeunwise21吾看三室兩廳一感覺一感：feel二聽：hear,listento三使：make,let,have五看：see,notice,watch,lookat,observeJohn’smothermakeshimplaythepianoeveryday.被動(dòng)（除let）：John_________playthepianoeveryday.ismadeto3、動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不帶to的不定式特別注意1：感官動(dòng)詞+do/doing特別注意2：havesb.doing讓人持續(xù)做某事have/getsth.done讓別人干某事，遭受到havesthtodohavesthtobedone特別注意3：makeoneselfunderstood/heard使自己被聽到/被理解224、不定式用在but,except,otherthan后時(shí),如果這些詞前有行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式,那么不定式不帶to,相反則帶to.Hedidnothingbut___(wander)onthestreet.Wehadnothingtodobut/otherthan_____(wait).

Ican’tchoosebut________(laugh).注意：另外在can’tchoosebut,can’thelpbut,can’tbut后面的不定式也要省略to。23不定式在句型S.besaid/thought/considered/found/known/believed+todo/tobedone/tobedoing/tohavedone/tohavebeendoing

中作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Thefluisbelieved____________(cause)byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.Bellwasbelieved__________(invent)thetelephone.Sheissaid________(write)abook,butIdon’tknowwhenshewillfinishit.tobecausedtohaveinventedtobewriting241.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.nottoitD.donotto2.The

greedyinn-keeperoncemadethepoorhero____twiceaday.（2001上海）A．dance

B．dances

C．danced

D．to

dance253.----Is

Bob

still

performing?

----I’mafraidnot.Heissaid________thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.

（2005全國(guó)高考江蘇卷）

A.

to

have

left

B.

to

leave

C.

to

have

been

left

D.

to

be

left26

todo/tobedone表將來Thecar__________isforhissister.即將被買的車是送給他姐姐的。Thehomework_________isassignedbyMiss.Gu~即將要寫的作業(yè)是英語(yǔ)老師布置的。tobeboughttobedone作定語(yǔ)272.用來修飾被序數(shù)詞，最高級(jí)或no,all,any等修飾的詞.Shewasthefirst______________.她是第一個(gè)知道真相的人。Youaretheonlyone____________.你是唯一一個(gè)遲到的人。toknowthetruthtobelate283.一些名詞后加不定式Hisattempttoexplaintheworkingsofuniverseledtothedevelopmentofnuclearenergy.Hereceivedmanyinvitationstoexplainhistheory.294.不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式修飾的詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)，工具等，要帶上相應(yīng)的介詞Ineedapentowrite______.Shewantsachairtosit____.Heislookingforaroomtolive___.Thereisnothingtoworry_____.withoninabout30()1.Ifthebuildingproject________bytheendofthismonthisdelayed,theconstructioncompanywillbefined.A.beingcompletedB.iscompletedC.tobecompletedD.completedC31目的狀語(yǔ)

注意：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的目的時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式可用inorderto或soastodosth作狀語(yǔ)322.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)①Onlytodo表示出人意料、意想不到的結(jié)果Wehurriedtotherailwaystationonlytofindthetrainhadleft.②enoughtodo,too…todo結(jié)構(gòu)Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.Heistooexcitedtonotlaugh.33不定式相當(dāng)于名詞作表語(yǔ)，含義是回答主語(yǔ)“是什么”。這些名詞：work,plan,proposal,task,mission,ambition,hobby,suggestion,aim,通常用不定式做表語(yǔ)解釋其內(nèi)容是什么。Ourworkistoservethepeople.Hishobbyistocollectstamps.Myambitionistoworkforafirm.Yourfirstmissionistostopweeping.作表語(yǔ)34

2.系動(dòng)詞remain，seem后的表語(yǔ)

remain__________尚待被怎樣…..remain_________仍然保持做某事的狀態(tài)remain_________仍然(未)…tobedonedoing_done(undone)35(1)Itremains_______(see)whetheryouareright.(2)Aftertheearthquake,veryfewhousesremained_______(stand)．(3)Ladiesandgentlemen,pleaseremain_______untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.A.seatedB.seatingC.tositD.sat

seem__________似乎要….

seem____________似乎正在……。seem_____________似乎已經(jīng)……

(1)Sheseems__________herhomework.她好像做完了她的家庭作業(yè)。(2)Itseems______________.好像要下雨了。(3)Heseems______________hishomework.他好像正在做作業(yè).todotobedoingtohavedone36七.獨(dú)立成分,修飾全句totellyouthetruthtobehonesttobeginwithtoconcludetobesuretobefrank37否定式：nottodo38動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)1.Iopenedthedoortoentertheroom.2.Mr.Smithisgoingtoattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow.㈠.一般式(todo).不定式的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作（狀態(tài)）與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生或不強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間性，或之后發(fā)生。39㈡.進(jìn)行式(tobedoing)1.Iamverygladtobeworkingwithyou.2.Hepretendedtobereadingwhenhismothercamein.

強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。40㈢.完成式（tohavedone)1.Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.2.YouseemedtohavereadthenovelwrittenbyMr.Smith.如果不定式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)之前。411.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper__________inbroaddaylight

yesterday.A.beingrobbedB.havingbeenrobbedC.tohavebeenrobbedD.robbedC42(4)完成進(jìn)行式tohavebeendoing

例如：完成進(jìn)行式表示動(dòng)作從過去開始并延續(xù)至說話的時(shí)候。

Sheisknowntohavebeenworkingontheproblemformanyyears.

我們知道她研究這問題有好幾年了。43動(dòng)詞不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài)㈠.主動(dòng)式(todo/tobedoing/tohavedone)1.WewanttolearnEnglishwell.2.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.madeD.tomake當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí).44㈡.被動(dòng)式(tobedone/tohavebeendone)1.Hedidn’tliketobelaughedat.2.Heclaimed____inthesuppermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.beingbadlytreatedB.treatingbadlyC.tobetreatedbadly

D.tohavebeenbadlytreated.當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí).45Idon’twant________likeI’mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanager’splanisunfair.A.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesoundedA46課堂精練1.Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.A.notmakingB.notmakeC.nottomakeD.nortomake2.Anumberofpaintingsinthecastlearebelieved________inafire.A.beingdestroyedB.havingbeendestroyedC.tobedestroyedD.tohavebeendestroyedcD473.Asaresultofmylaziness,Ifailed________myworkintime.A.andfinished

B.tofinish

C.andfinishing

D.tofinished4.Robertissaidto__________abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudyingBA48Myjobwastowashbottles,whichwouldthenbefilledwithwine,or_______thefilledbottlesinboxes.A.toputB.puttingC.havingputD.beingput

A491.Joestoppedeatingchocolate,andhewentback___________again.A.tosmokingB.tosmokeC.smokingD.smoke2.Helenhadtoshout_________abovethesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheardBD503.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only_______thefilmstarhadalreadyleft.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told4.Thedriverturnedhiscarsharplytothelefttogivethewaytotherunningbullonly_______atreebytheroad.A.toknockintoB.knockingintoC.toknockatD.knockedoverBA51課堂精練1.Wearenotallowed__________outdoorswithsomeotherchildren.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.toplayD.beplaying2.Myfamilyconsiders________acomputer,whichisconsidered________agreathelpinourworkandstudy.A.tobuy;tobeB.buying;beingC.tobuy;beingD.buying;tobeCD523.---Willyouhaveanybody_________theflowers?----Yes,I’llhavetheflowers_________.A.plant,plantedB.toplant,plantedC.plant;tobeplantedD.toplant,plant4.Thiscompanywasthefirst____portableradiosaswellascassettetaperecordersintheworld.A.producingB.toproduceC.havingproducedD.producedAB535.Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.A.notmakingB.notmakeC.nottomakeD.nortomake6.Helenhadtoshout______abovethesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheardCD547.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen_______,butIamgoingtostudyintheU.S.AthisSeptember.A.tobeheard.B.tobebearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard

D551.Pauldoesn'thavetobemade___.Healwaysworkshard.

A.lear