Urban Rail Transit Vehicle Control Urban Rail Transit Vehicle Braking Mode城軌交通車輛制動模式 SpeakerWang Ruofei

UrbanRailTransitVehicleControl城軌車輛制動UrbanRailTransitVehicleBrakingMode城軌交通車輛制動模式Speaker:WangRuofei主講人：王若飛Fromthepointofviewofenergychange,thebrakingprocessisanenergytransferprocess,whichistheprocessofconvertingthekineticenergyoftrainoperationintootherformsofenergyinanartificiallycontrolledmanner.從能量變化的角度理解，制動過程就是一個能量轉(zhuǎn)移過程，是將列車運行所具有的動能人為控制地轉(zhuǎn)變成其它形式能量的過程。制動效能的大小和制動施加的時機由人為掌控。itreferstotheartificiallyappliedexternalforcetomaketheobjectinmotiontoslowdownorpreventitsacceleration,aswellastomaintainthestationaryobjectstationaryunchangedrole.是指人為施加的外力，使運動的物體減速或阻止其加速，以及保持靜止的物體靜止不變的作用。Braking:制動Definitionofbraking

制動的概念Thelevelofthebrakingeffectandthetimingofthebrakingapplicationiscontrolledbyhumanbeings.Duringthebrakingprocess,thetrainmustmeettwobasicconditions:(1)toachieveenergyconversion;(2)controlenergyconversion.Atthispoint,thebrakingdeviceisalsousedtoachieveandcontrolthetrainkineticenergyconversionofasetofdevices.列車的制動過程必須具備兩個基本條件：（1）實現(xiàn)能量轉(zhuǎn)換；（2）控制能量轉(zhuǎn)換。此時，制動裝置也就是用以實現(xiàn)和控制列車動能轉(zhuǎn)換的一整套裝置。Relief:緩解Definitionofbraking

制動的概念A(yù)fterapplyingbrakingonthetrain,incaseofdesiringtorestartoraccelerateagain,itisnecessarytoliftorweakenitsbrakingeffect,whichiscalledthebrakerelief.對已經(jīng)施行了制動的列車，為了重新啟動或再次加速，必須解除或減弱其制動作用，這種作用稱為制動的緩解。Trainbrakingmode列車制動模式

Accordingtotherequirementsoftheoperationofurbanrailtransittrains,theparkingbrake,commonbrake,emergencybrake,fastbrake,parkingpressurebrakingandcleaningbrakeandotherbrakingmodesaremainlyadopted.城軌交通列車根據(jù)運行的要求，主要采用了停放制動、常用制動、緊急制動、快速制動、停車保壓制動和清潔制動等制動模式。Trainbrakingmode列車制動模式

Becausethevehiclepoweroffwhenparked,duetopipelineleakage,with(aircompressorpoweroutage,notworking)nopressureairsupplement,thebrakecylinderpressurewillgraduallydroptozero,inwhichcasethevehiclelostthebrakingforce.由于車輛斷電停放時，制動缸壓力會因管路漏泄，在（空氣壓縮機停電、不工作）無壓力空氣補充的情況下，逐步下降到零，使車輛失去制動力。Vehicleparkingbrakeisdifferentfromthebrakingeffectofthevehiclerunning,whichistheuseofspringforcetoproducethebrakingeffect.Undernormalcircumstances,thelevelofthespringforcewouldnotchangewithtime,theresultingbrakingforcetomeettherequirementsofthetrainlongerpower-offparking.車輛停放制動不同于車輛運行中的制動作用，它是采用彈簧力來產(chǎn)生制動作用的。在正常情況下，彈簧力的大小不隨時間而變化，由此獲得的制動力能要能滿足列車較長時間斷電停放的要求。Whenthespringparkingbrakecylinderisinflated,parkingbrakewouldrelief;whenthespringparkingbrakecylinderisexhausted,parkingbrakeisapplied;andalsoneedtohaveadditionalmanualrelieffunction.彈簧停放制動缸充氣時，停放制動緩解；彈簧停放制動缸排氣時，停放制動施加；并且還需附加有手動緩解功能。1.Springparkingbrake彈簧停放制動Trainbrakingmode列車制動模式

Theparkingbrakeisappliedbythespring,usinginflatablerelief,andisapassivebrake.Theparkingbrakeisusedonlywhenthetrainisstationarytopreventthetrainfromslipping.Theparkingbrakeensuresthatthetraincanbestoppedonarampofnomorethan35‰underAW3load.停放制動由彈簧施加，采用充氣緩解，為被動制動。停放制動僅在列車靜止時使用，防止列車溜車。停放制動可保證列車在AW3載荷的情況下列車可停在不超過35‰的坡道上。Theparkingbrakeiscontrolledbythevehiclecontrolcircuitandmonitoredbyboththecontrolcircuitandthecontrolsystem.Duringnormaloperation,thetrainisprohibitedfromtractionwhentheparkingbrakeisnotrelieved.Whentheparkingbrakeisappliedduringoperation,thetrainwillbeblockedfromtraction.停放制動由車輛控制電路控制并由控制電路和控制系統(tǒng)同時監(jiān)控。正常時，停放制動未緩解時，列車禁止牽引。運行中監(jiān)測到停放制動施加時，列車將封鎖牽引。1.Springparkingbrake彈簧停放制動Trainbrakingmode列車制動模式

Thecommonbrakeisthebrakeappliedtoregulateorcontrolthetrainspeed(includingstopforarrival)undernormalconditions.Itischaracterizedbyarelativelygentleactionandadjustablebrakingforce.Generally,only20%to80%ofthetrain’sbrakingcapacitywouldbeactivatedandused,andinmostcases,onlyabout50%ofsuchcapacitywouldbeused.常用制動是指在正常情況下為調(diào)節(jié)或控制列車速度（包括進站停車）所施加的制動。它的特點是：作用比較緩和，制動力可以調(diào)節(jié)，通常只用到列車制動能力的20%?80%，多數(shù)情況下只用50%左右。Inthecommonbrakingmode,theelectricandair(friction)brakesarealwaysactive.Ingeneral,thatis,thevehicleAW2(semi-heavycar)orless,speed8km/h(adjustable)ormore,theelectricbrakecanmeetthevehiclebrakingrequirements.Whentheelectricbrakecannotmeetthebrakingrequirements,theairbrakecanquicklyandsmoothlysupplementtoachievemixedbrakingaction.在常用制動模式下，電制動和空氣（摩擦）制動一般都處于激活狀態(tài)。一般情況下［車載AW2(半重車)以下，速度8km/h（可調(diào)）以上］，電制動能滿足車輛制動要求，當電制動不能滿足制動要求時，氣制動能夠迅速、平滑地補充，實現(xiàn)混合制動作用。2.Commonbrake常用制動Trainbrakingmode列車制動模式

Commonbraking,innormaloperatingconditions,canbeusedbythedrivertosetthedrivercontrolhandlebrakepositionorATCimposed(animationaboutdriver’sactiononcontrolhandle).Theelectricbraketakesprioritywhenthecommonbrakeisapplied.Theairbrakeprovidestheremainingbrakingforceaccordingtothedecelerationrequirement.Ingeneral,themaximumcommonbrakeaveragedecelerationspeedis1.0m/s2.Astheelectricbrakeislimitedbytreadadhesion,thecommonbrakehasanti-skidprotectionandislimitedbyimpulse.Commonbrakingisarecoverablebrake.常用制動在正常運行狀態(tài)下使用，可由司機將司控器手柄置制動位或ATC施加。常用制動時，電制動優(yōu)先?？諝庵苿痈鶕?jù)減速要求提供剩余的制動力。一般情況下，最大的常用制動平均減速度為1.0m/s2。由于電制動受踏面粘著限制，常用制動具有防滑保護和受沖動限制（0.75m/s3)。常用制動是可恢復(fù)的制動。2.Commonbrake常用制動Trainbrakingmode列車制動模式

Emergencybrakingisakindof“extraordinarybraking”,andinanemergency,isabraketomakethetrainstopasfastaspossible.Itischaracterizedby:therelativelyrapidroleandusingthetrain’smaximumbrakingcapacity.Ingeneral,thebrakingforceislargerthantheusualfullbrakingforceofabout10%.緊急制動是一種“非常制動”，是在緊急情況下為使列車盡可能快地停車而施行的一種制動。它的特點是：作用比較迅猛，而且要把列車最大的制動能力都用上，一般情況下制動力要比常用全制動力大10%左右。Inordertoensurethesafetyoftraffic,accordingtothedesignprinciplesofvehicleemergencybrake“l(fā)ossofpowertoapply,getpowertorelieve”(highlighttheeightwords,flashing),themodernurbanrailtransitvehiclesareequippedwithDC110Vthroughoutthetraintocontrolthebrakingactionoccursonthetrainline.Afterthelineisdisconnected(suchascontactnetworkpowerfailure),allcarriageswouldimmediatelyapplytheemergencybrakingtoensurethesafetyofthetrain.為了保證行車安全，根據(jù)車輛緊急制動“失電施加，得電緩解”的設(shè)計原則，現(xiàn)代城軌車輛都設(shè)有貫穿整列車的DC110V控制該制動作用發(fā)生的列車線，線路只要斷開（如接觸網(wǎng)停電），所有車輛立即實施緊急制動，以確保列車安全。3.Emergencybrake緊急制動Trainbrakingmode列車制動模式

Ithasthefollowingcharacteristics:具有如下特點：Theelectricbrakedoesnotwork,onlytheairbrakeapplies.電制動不起作用，僅空氣制動；Regardlessofthecauseoftheemergencybraking,allvehiclesmustapplytheemergencybrakingspeedreductionbraking.不管是什么原因引起的緊急制動，所有車輛必須以緊急制動減速度制動；Itisnotlimitedbytheimpactratelimit,andwithin1.5s,itcanreach90%ofthemaximumbrakingforce.不受沖擊率極限的限制，在1.5s內(nèi)即可達到最大制動力的90%；Emergencybrakingcannotbewithdrawnafterimplementation,duringwhichthetrainmustslowdownuntilitcomestoacompletestop(zerospeedblockade).緊急制動實施后是不能撤除的，列車必須減速，直到完全停下來（零速封鎖）；Ithastheanti-skidprotectionandloadcorrectionfunction.具有防滑保護和載荷修正功能。Duringtheentireemergencybrakingprocess,allbrakingcontroltrainlinesaredisabled.在整個緊急制動過程中，所有制動控制列車線失效。3.