廣東省肇慶市2025屆高三上學(xué)期一模試題 英語 含解析

肇慶市2025屆高中畢業(yè)班第一次模擬考試英語本試題共10頁，考試時(shí)間120分鐘，滿分120分注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生先將自己的信息填寫清楚、準(zhǔn)確，將條形碼準(zhǔn)確粘貼在條形碼粘貼處。2.請按照題號順序在答題卡各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效。3.答題時(shí)請按要求用筆，保持卡面清潔，不要折疊，不要弄破、弄皺，不得使用涂改液、修正帶、刮紙刀?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，請將本試題及答題卡交回。第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ASometravelersarecharmedbywinter’sfirstsnowfall,whileothersprefertoescapetheseason’scoldweather.USNewsgatheredalistoftopdestinationsbasedonexpertopinionsandreadervotes,consideringweather,crowds,seasonalevents,andotherfactors.LucerneLucerne,Switzerland,isidealforvariouswinteractivities,fromskiingtorelaxingbythefire.Thecity’ssnowystreets,iceskatingfields,andChristmasmarketsmakeitcharmingduringtheholidays.TheLiluLightFestivalinJanuarycontinuesthefestivemoodwithlightdisplaysacrossthecity.Visitorscanalsoaccessnearbyresorts(度假村)forskiing,sledding,andsnowshoeing.Tounwind,Lucerneoffersnumerousspas.BigSky,MTBigSky,Montana,boasts(夸耀)oneofthebestskiresortsintheUS,withnearly6,000acresofskiableterrain.Thetownispopularwithoutdoorenthusiastsforcross-countryskiing,sleighrides,anenchantedforest,andsnow-coachtoursofYellowstoneNationalPark,justanhour’sdriveaway.Thoughwintertemperaturescanbeverycold,BigSkyResort’sMountainVillageprovidescomfortableaccommodation,diningoptions,andaspa.Honolulu,OahuWhiletemperaturesdropelsewhere,Hawaii’scapitalcityremainswarm,withhighsinthelow80s.Duringwinter,visitorscanenjoyChinatown’sChineseNewYearcelebrationsortheHonoluluCityLightsChristmasdisplay.SportsfansshouldvisitduringeventsliketheSonyOpeninHawaiigolftournamentortheVansTripleCrownofSurfing.Winteristheisland’shighseason,soearlybookingsareessential.MaldivesForaromanticwintergetaway,theMaldivesoffersdryweather,temperaturesinthemid-80s,andwonderfulbeaches.Despitelongtraveltimesandhighcosts,this1,200-islandarchipelagoprovidesauniqueexperience.Enjoysunbathingonprivatebeaches,snorkeling,andisland-hoppingbyrowingboat.1.WhatmakeLucerneadesirablewintertraveldestination?A.Itsrichwinteractivities. B.Itsopportunitiesforsports.C.Itsexclusiveluxuryresorts. D.Itsvariousdiningoptions.2.WhyshouldtravelersbookearlyforawintertriptoHonolulu?A.Flightroutesarerestricted. B.Winteristhebusyseason.C.Coldweatherlimitsoptions. D.Visitornumbersarecontrolled.3.Whatisacommonfeatureofthefourdestinations?A.Theyhavefestiveholidayevents. B.Theyofferopportunitiesforskiing.C.Theyofferuniquewinterexperiences. D.Theyarefamedforfriendlyweather.【答案】1.A2.B3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。本文介紹了四個(gè)冬季旅行目的地，描述了每個(gè)目的地的季節(jié)性特點(diǎn)和吸引力。1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Lucerne部分中“Thecity’ssnowystreets,iceskatingfields,andChristmasmarketsmakeitcharmingduringtheholidays.TheLiluLightFestivalinJanuarycontinuesthefestivemoodwithlightdisplaysacrossthecity.(這座城市的白雪皚皚的街道、溜冰場和圣誕市場使它在節(jié)日期間變得迷人。一月的Lilu燈節(jié)延續(xù)了節(jié)日的氣氛，整個(gè)城市都有燈光表演)”可知，Lucerne可以讓游客體驗(yàn)豐富的節(jié)日活動(dòng)。故選A項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Honolulu,Oahu部分中“Winteristheisland’shighseason,soearlybookingsareessential.(冬季是島上的旅游旺季，所以提前預(yù)訂是必不可少的)”可知，冬季是Honolulu的旅游旺季，因此需要提前預(yù)訂。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“USNews gatheredalistoftopdestinationsbasedonexpertopinionsandreadervotes,consideringweather,crowds,seasonalevents,andotherfactors.(USNews根據(jù)專家意見和讀者投票，綜合考慮天氣、人群、季節(jié)性事件和其他因素，收集了一份熱門目的地名單)”及文章提到的四個(gè)各具特色的目的地，如Lucerne的滑雪和節(jié)慶活動(dòng)、BigSky的滑雪和森林探險(xiǎn)、Honolulu的溫暖氣候和節(jié)日慶典、馬爾代夫的浪漫海灘體驗(yàn)可知，四個(gè)地方都有獨(dú)特的冬季體驗(yàn)。故選C項(xiàng)。BKelvinEllis,a9-year-oldboy,wasatacoffeeshopinhishomestateofLouisianawhenhespottedadisheveled(衣冠不整的)manprayinginthecorner.Concernedabouthim,Kelvinwentuptohimwiththeonlymoneyhehad—adollarbillhehadjustbeengivenforhisgoodgrades—andofferedittotheman.ThemaninquestionturnedouttobeMattBusbice,ownerofsportinggoodsstoreBuckfeather.Afterbeingawakenedbyafirealarminhisapartmentcomplex,butdiscoveringthattherewasnofire,hedecidedtograbacoffeetocooldown.Hethenrealizedhehadforgottentopraythatmorning,sohesteppedoutsideforaquickmomentofreflection.“AndIstartedtoslowlyopenmyeyes,andthere’sakidcomingatme,aboutmyheight,”Busbicetoldthemedia.Thebusinessmangothimselfreadyforaconflict.“AndIgo,‘What?’”Busbicesaid.“Ifyou’rehomeless,here’sadollar,”Kelvinreplied.“Ialwayswantedtohelpahomelessperson,andIfinallyhadtheopportunity.”Theboy’sactiondeeplytouchedBusbice.Afterintroducinghimselfandexplainingthesituation,heboughtKelvinbreakfast,promisingtostayintouch.BusbicelatergaveKelvinashoppingtouratBuckfeather.However,whatKelvininitiallyexpectedtogetoutofthisinteractionwassomethingelse.“Joy,becauseIhelpedsomeone,”Kelvinsaid.“Givesomethingaway,andyoufeellikeyou’vegotalotofthingsfromit.”TowhichBusbiceadded“Ifyougive,you’reactuallygoingtogetmoreoutofthat.Icouldn’tgraspthatasakid.Andifwecanspreadthataround,everythingchanges.”KelvinsharedthatheinitiallythoughtBusbicewashomelessduetohisashyknees,whichBusbiceexplainedwerecausedbypsoriasis(銀屑病).Intheend,theybothgainedalifelongfriend.ToBusbice,thewholeexperiencemadehimfeelricherthananyotherdayinhislife.4.WhatdidKelvindowhenhefirstsawMattBusbice?A.Heofferedhimacupofcoffee.B.Hegavehimadollaroutofkindness.C.Headmiredhimforhissocialposition.D.Heobservedhisbehaviorwithcuriosity.5.WhydidMattBusbicefeelshockedatfirst?A.Hewasstillinpanicforthealarm.B.Hedidn’twanthisprayerdisturbed.C.Hewasunsureoftheboy’sintention.D.HethoughtKelvinwasplayingatrick.6.Whatcanweknowabouttheoutcomeoftheevent?A.It’ssurprising. B.It’suplifting.C.It’sdisappointing. D.It’sheart-warming.7.Whatmessagedoesthestoryconvey?A.Everycloudhasasilverlining.B.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.C.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.D.Givingismoreblessedthanreceiving.【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文，本文講述了9歲男孩KelvinEllis在咖啡店里誤以為MattBusbice是無家可歸者,因此慷慨地把自己僅有的一美元給了他的故事。這一善舉感動(dòng)了Busbice,兩人由此結(jié)下了深厚的友誼的故事?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Concernedabouthim,Kelvinwentuptohimwiththeonlymoneyhehad—adollarbillhehadjustbeengivenforhisgoodgrades—andofferedittotheman.(出于對他的關(guān)心，Kelvin拿著他僅有的錢——一張因?yàn)樗煽兒枚鴦偟玫降囊幻涝n票——走向他，并遞給了那個(gè)男人。)”可知，Kelvin看見MattBusbice時(shí)，出于善意給了他一美元。故選B項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Thebusinessmangothimselfreadyforaconflict.‘AndIgo,“What?”’Busbicesaid.(這位商人準(zhǔn)備應(yīng)對沖突?！艺f，“什么？”’Busbice說。)”和第三段第一句“ “Ifyou’rehomeless,here’sadollar,”Kelvinreplied.

(“如果你無家可歸，這是一美元”Kelvin回答到)”推知，MattBusbice一開始感到震驚是因?yàn)樗淮_定Kelvin的意圖。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Intheend,theybothgainedalifelongfriend.ToBusbice,thewholeexperiencemadehimfeelricherthananyotherdayinhislife.(最終，他們都獲得了終生的朋友。對Busbice來說，這次經(jīng)歷讓他感覺比生命中的任何一天都更富有。)”可以推斷，這件事的結(jié)果是溫暖人心的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段Kelvin的話““Joy,becauseIhelpedsomeone,”Kelvinsaid.“Givesomethingaway,andyoufeellikeyou’vegotalotofthingsfromit.”(“喜悅，因?yàn)槲規(guī)椭藙e人，”Kelvin說?！八统鲆恍〇|西，你會(huì)覺得你從中得到了很多東西。”)”以及倒數(shù)第二段Busbice的話“TowhichBusbiceadded,“Ifyougive,you’reactuallygoingtogetmoreoutofthat.Icouldn’tgraspthatasakid.Andifwecanspreadthataround,everythingchanges.”(對此，Busbice補(bǔ)充道：“如果你付出，你實(shí)際上會(huì)從中得到更多。我小時(shí)候無法理解這一點(diǎn)。如果我們能傳播開來，一切都會(huì)改變?！?”以及整個(gè)故事可知，文章講述了Kelvin用自己的錢幫助了一個(gè)看似無家可歸的人（實(shí)際上是運(yùn)動(dòng)用品店的老板），最終兩人都獲得了一個(gè)終身的朋友，并且都從中得到了更多的東西。由此可知，故事傳達(dá)的信息是給予比接受更有福。故選D項(xiàng)。CCharliefromSydney,feltdrivenandmotivatedwhenhefirstlaunchedhissmallbusiness.However,itwasn’tlongbeforehebecameboggeddown,havingadeclineinmotivation.That’sthetroublewithmotivation.FionaKumfor,aseniorresearchfellowattheUniversityofSydney’sBrainandMindCentre,explainsthatmotivationisinfluencedbythebrain’srewardnetwork,particularlytheprefrontalcortex(前額葉皮層)andstriatum(紋狀體).“Theprefrontalcortexisresponsibleforhigher-levelthinking,likemakingdecisions,reasoningandplanningforthefuture,”saysDr.Kumfor.“Thestriatumisimportantinhabitualprocessesorwhatwedowithoutthinking.”Achemicalcalleddopamine(多巴胺)isanotherimportantcomponentofthisrewardnetwork.It’sreleasedwhenwedosomethingthatmakesusfeelgood,fromeatingatastymealtogoingforajog,andtheprefrontalcortexandstriatumareverysensitivetoit.“Dopamineisreallyimportantforrewardandmotivation,”saysDr.Kumfor.“It’sthereleaseofdopamineinthestriatumandprefrontalcortexthatultimatelydeterminesourlevelofmotivationandhelpsusdecidewhatwe’regoingtodo.”Thetroubleisthatshort-termdecisionsaremorelikelytoyieldadopaminerushthanthingsthattakelongertoachieve,likelosingweightor,inCharlie’scase,operatingasuccessfulbusiness.“Whenwe’redecidingwhethertodosomething,we’reweighingupthecostsversusthebenefits,”saysDr.Kumfor.“Ifyoutakesomethinglikeeatinghealthily,forexample,thebenefitmightbethatyoulosesomeweightoryou’relesslikelytohavecertainmedicalconditions,butthecostisyou’repotentiallynotgoingtobeabletoeatchips,icecreamorotherunhealthyfood.”Toenhancemotivation,Kumforsuggestsmakingrewardsmoreimmediateandbreakingdownlargergoalsintosmaller.Charliefoundthatrewardinghimselfforsmallaccomplishmentsandturningtheseactionsintohabitswerekeytoboostinghismotivation.Bydoingso,hereducedtherelianceonhisprefrontalcortexforconstantcost-benefitanalysesandallowedthehabit-formingstriatumtotakeover,makingpositivebehavioralchangesmoreautomatic.8.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Thechallengesofmaintainingmotivation.B.Theoperationofmotivationandenhancingstrategies.C.Theroleoftheprefrontalcortexandstriatuminmotivation.D.Theimportanceofdopamineinthebrain’srewardnetwork.9.Whatchemicalmakesushappy?A.Thedopamine. B.Thestriatum.C.Themotivation. D.Theprefrontalcortex.10.Whydopeoplefailtoachievelong-termgoals?A.Becausetheydemandmoredopamine.B.Becauseweprefershort-termdecisions.C.Becausetheyoftenhavehighercosts.D.Becauseweliketoeatunhealthyfood.11.HowdidCharliesolvehismotivationproblem?A.Avoidinganyformofreward.B.Focusingonlyonlong-termgoals.C.Ignoringtheroleoftheprefrontalcortex.D.Rewardinghimselfconstantlyandmakingsmallergoals.【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。本文探討了動(dòng)機(jī)的生理基礎(chǔ)（大腦獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)系統(tǒng)），以及如何通過調(diào)整獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)機(jī)制來增強(qiáng)動(dòng)機(jī)。【8題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“FionaKumfor,aseniorresearchfellowattheUniversityofSydney’sBrainandMindCentre,explainsthatmotivationisinfluencedbythebrain’srewardnetwork,particularlytheprefrontalcortex(前額葉皮層)andstriatum(紋狀體).(悉尼大學(xué)腦與心智中心高級研究員菲奧娜·昆福解釋說，動(dòng)機(jī)受大腦獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的影響，尤其是前額葉皮層和紋狀體。)”及第二段內(nèi)容可知，動(dòng)力受大腦的特定區(qū)域和多巴胺等因素影響。這解釋了動(dòng)力是如何運(yùn)作的；最后一段中“Toenhancemotivation,Kumforsuggestsmakingrewardsmoreimmediateandbreakingdownlargergoalsintosmaller.Charliefoundthatrewardinghimselfforsmallaccomplishmentsandturningtheseactionsintohabitswerekeytoboostinghismotivation.(為了提高積極性，Kumfor建議更直接地提供獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，并將較大的目標(biāo)分解為較小的目標(biāo)。Charlie發(fā)現(xiàn)，為小成就獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)自己并將這些行為變成習(xí)慣是提高他動(dòng)力的關(guān)鍵。)”提出了增強(qiáng)動(dòng)力的策略，包括讓獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)更即時(shí)和分解大目標(biāo)等，并以Charlie的經(jīng)歷為例進(jìn)行說明。因此，整個(gè)文章圍繞動(dòng)力的運(yùn)作和增強(qiáng)策略展開，故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Achemicalcalleddopamine(多巴胺)isanotherimportantcomponentofthisrewardnetwork.It’sreleasedwhenwedosomethingthatmakesusfeelgood,fromeatingatastymealtogoingforajog,andtheprefrontalcortexandstriatumareverysensitivetoit.(一種名為多巴胺的化學(xué)物質(zhì)是這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的另一個(gè)重要組成部分。當(dāng)我們做一些讓我們感覺良好的事情時(shí)，比如吃一頓美味的飯菜或者去慢跑，多巴胺就會(huì)被釋放出來，前額葉皮層和紋狀體對它非常敏感。)”可知，多巴胺帶給人們快樂感，故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“‘Whenwe’redecidingwhethertodosomething,we’reweighingupthecostsversusthebenefits,’saysDr.Kumfor.‘Ifyoutakesomethinglikeeatinghealthily,forexample,thebenefitmightbethatyoulosesomeweightoryou’relesslikelytohavecertainmedicalconditions,butthecostisyou’repotentiallynotgoingtobeabletoeatchips,icecreamorotherunhealthyfood.’(“當(dāng)我們決定是否做某事時(shí)，我們會(huì)權(quán)衡成本與收益，”Kumfor博士說。“例如，如果你采取健康飲食等措施，好處可能是你減輕了一些體重，或者你不太可能患上某些疾病，但代價(jià)是你可能無法吃薯片、冰淇淋或其他不健康的食物?！?”可知，人們難以實(shí)現(xiàn)長期目標(biāo)是因?yàn)殚L期目標(biāo)通常成本更高，故選C項(xiàng)。【11題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Charliefoundthatrewardinghimselfforsmallaccomplishmentsandturningtheseactionsintohabitswerekeytoboostinghismotivation.(Charlie發(fā)現(xiàn)，因小成就而獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)自己并將這些行為轉(zhuǎn)化為習(xí)慣是提升動(dòng)力的關(guān)鍵。)”可知，Charlie通過為小成就獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)自己并將行動(dòng)變成習(xí)慣來解決動(dòng)力問題，也就是不斷獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)自己并設(shè)定小目標(biāo)，故選D項(xiàng)。DThere’sawhiteboardontherefrigeratorinduPlessises’kitchenthecoupleusestoplandinners.Butwithtwoyoungchildrenfull-timejobsandthenearestsupermarket20minutesaway,figuringoutwhattoeatcansometimesbechallenging.Tolightentheload,Mr.duPlessisregularlyusesagrocerydeliveryservice.America’sappetiteforonlinegrocerysalessoaredmorethan50%,from$62billionin2019to$96billionin2020,accordingtotheFoodandDrugAdministration.Oneinfiveconsumersnowhasgroceriesdeliveredtotheirdooratleastonceamonth.By2029,itisestimatedthatthemarketwillbeworth$455billion.Meanwhile,there’sbeenasteepincreaseindemandforrestauranttakeout.Mealkitswhichcomewithpremeasuredingredientsarealsoexperiencingstronggrowth.Atthesametime,foodproductionandtransportationmakeupasmuchas1/3ofatypicalUShousehold’sannualcontributiontoclimatechange-inducingemissions.TheDepartmentofAgricultureestimatesthat30%offoodproducediswasted.So,changingconsumerbehaviortominimizewasteandreducetransportationcouldhaveasignificantimpactontheoverallpollution.In2022,researchersfromtheUniversityofMichiganmodeledasingle36-itemgrocerycarttocomparegreenhouseemissionsfromane-commercegrocerydeliveryandatraditionaltriptothestoretogetthesameitems.Theyfoundthatusinganelectricvehicletopickupgroceriescouldcutemissionsbyasmuchashalf,comparedtoagas-poweredvehicle.Theyalsofoundthathomedeliverycouldbeanevenbetteroption.That’sbecausewithadeliveryvehicle,ordersareoftenclustered,withadriverdroppingoffnotjustyourgroceries,butalsohittingneighborsduringthesamerun.Whenitcomestodeliveryservices,Mr.duPlessistheorizesthatbecausethisguy’sliterallydeliveringtwoburgersandliketwosodas,suchoptionswouldhaveabigfootprint.“Forthevolumeoffoodcomparedtotheamountofcarbonemitted,yeah,theequationdoesn’tquiteaddup.”12.Whatisthefirstparagraphabout?A.Mealplanningchallenges. B.Time-savingmealstrategies.CBenefitsofgrocerydelivery. D.TheduPlessisfamily’slifestyle.13.Whatdoparagraphs2and3suggestaboutgrocerydeliveryservices?A.TheybringaboutdisorderincommercialcompetitionB.Theyarouseapressingneedtochangedeliverymode.C.Theybringattentiontogoodsqualityconcerns.D.Theyofferconvenienceformealpreparation.14.Whatdoestheword“clustered”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Groupedtogether. B.Separatedindividually.C.Deliveredrandomly. D.Packedtightly.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.InnovationsinFoodDelivery B.TheChallengesofMealPlanningC.TheRiseofOnlineGroceryShopping D.EnvironmentalEffectsofFoodDelivery【答案】12.A13.B14.A15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。本文介紹了美國線上食品雜貨銷售量增長，及其對消費(fèi)者行為和環(huán)境的影響。研究表明，使用電動(dòng)車或選擇雜貨配送服務(wù)有助于減少碳排放，而改變消費(fèi)者行為對減輕環(huán)境污染具有重要意義。【12題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“There’sawhiteboardontherefrigeratorinduPlessises’kitchenthecoupleusestoplandinners.Butwithtwoyoungchildren,full-timejobsandthenearestsupermarket20minutesaway,figuringoutwhattoeatcansometimesbechallenging.Tolightentheload,Mr.duPlessisregularlyusesagrocerydeliveryservice.(在杜·普萊西斯的廚房里，這對夫婦用來計(jì)劃晚餐的冰箱上有一塊白板。但由于有兩個(gè)年幼的孩子，有全職工作，離最近的超市也只有20分鐘的路程，弄清楚吃什么有時(shí)會(huì)很有挑戰(zhàn)性。為了減輕負(fù)擔(dān)，duPlessis先生經(jīng)常使用雜貨送貨服務(wù))”可知，本段主要描述了duPlessis一家在制定膳食計(jì)劃時(shí)因面臨距離和時(shí)間等方面的挑戰(zhàn)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“America’sappetiteforonlinegrocerysalessoaredmorethan50%,from$62billionin2019to$96billionin2020,accordingtotheFoodandDrugAdministration.Oneinfiveconsumersnowhasgroceriesdeliveredtotheirdooratleastonceamonth.By2029,itisestimatedthatthemarketwillbeworth$455billion.Meanwhile,there’sbeenasteepincreaseindemandforrestauranttakeout.Mealkitswhichcomewithpremeasuredingredientsarealsoexperiencingstronggrowth.(美國食品和藥物管理局的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，美國人對在線雜貨銷售的興趣飆升了50%以上，從2019年的620億美元飆升至2020年的960億美元。現(xiàn)在，五分之一的消費(fèi)者每月至少有一次食品雜貨送貨上門。預(yù)計(jì)到2029年，該市場規(guī)模將達(dá)到4550億美元。與此同時(shí)，對餐館外賣的需求急劇增加。預(yù)制配料的套餐也在強(qiáng)勁增長)”和第三段“So,changingconsumerbehaviortominimizewasteandreducetransportationcouldhaveasignificantimpactontheoverallpollution.(因此，改變消費(fèi)者行為以盡量減少浪費(fèi)和減少運(yùn)輸可能對整體污染產(chǎn)生重大影響)”可知，食品雜貨配送服務(wù)急需改變配送模式。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“withadriverdroppingoffnotjustyourgroceries,butalsohittingneighborsduringthesamerun.(司機(jī)不僅會(huì)給你送雜貨，還會(huì)在同一次運(yùn)送中去鄰居家)”可知，clustered指的是多個(gè)距離相近的訂單被分在一起進(jìn)行配送，即訂單被組合在一起。故劃線詞意思是“組合在一起”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Atthesametime,foodproductionandtransportationmakeupasmuchas1/3ofatypicalUShousehold’sannualcontributiontoclimatechange-inducingemissions.TheDepartmentofAgricultureestimatesthat30%offoodproducediswasted.So,changingconsumerbehaviortominimizewasteandreducetransportationcouldhaveasignificantimpactontheoverallpollution.(與此同時(shí)，一個(gè)典型的美國家庭每年排放的導(dǎo)致氣候變化的溫室氣體中，食品生產(chǎn)和運(yùn)輸所占的比例高達(dá)1/3。農(nóng)業(yè)部估計(jì)有30%的食物被浪費(fèi)了。因此，改變消費(fèi)者行為以盡量減少浪費(fèi)和減少運(yùn)輸可能對整體污染產(chǎn)生重大影響)”可知，文章重點(diǎn)討論了食品配送服務(wù)和線上購買食品雜貨對環(huán)境的影響，尤其是它們?nèi)绾螠p少碳排放。故D項(xiàng)“食品配送的環(huán)境影響”最適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Learninghowtoliveyourlifewithpurposecanleadtoasenseofgeneralcontentment.Buttheprocessrequiresplentyofself-reflectionandfindingwhereyourpassionslie.Thefollowingstrategiescanhelpyourevealorfindyourpurpose.ListentofeedbackYouprobablyliketodomanydifferentthingsandthethingsyoulovetodomayhavebecomesorootedinyourlifethatyoudon’trealizehowimportantthosethingsare.____16____.Youmightchoosetoreachouttopeopleandaskwhatremindsthemofyou.StartconversationswithnewpeopleIt’seasytobrowse(瀏覽)socialmediawhileyou’realoneonthesubwayorsittingatabarwaitingforafriend.___17___.Instead,takethetimetotalktothepeoplearoundyou.Askthemiftheyareworkingonanyprojects.Youmightdiscovernewactivitiestoexploreordifferentplacestovisit.Andthoseactivitiesmightbekeytohelpingyoufindyourpurpose:____18____Manypeoplehavetheirpetcausesthatsurroundaninjustice.Isthereanythingthatmakesyoudeeplyunhappytothinkabout?Itmightbeanimalwelfareoraparticularcivilrightsissue.Perhapstheideaofseniorcitizensspendingtheholidaysalonemakesyouweepy.____19____Youmightfindyourcareergivesyoutheabilityandsometimetoaffordtohelpacauseyoufeelpassionateabout.DiscoverwhatyoulovetodoDoyouabsolutelylovemusicaltheater?Yourskillsmightbebestputtouseinawaythatbringsliveperformancestochildrenwhocanbenefitfromexposuretothearts.Considerwhattypeofskills,talents,andpassionsyoubringtothetable.____20____A.ResistthaturgeB.ExploreyourinterestsC.ConsiderinjusticesthatbotheryouD.Youdon’tnecessarilyhavetoengageinyourpurposefull-timeE.Fortunately,otherpeoplemightbeabletogiveyousomeinsightF.Sometimes,thatroadtofindingyourpurposehasafewbends,forks,andstoplightsG.Then,brainstormhowyoumightturnyourpassionintosomethingmeaningfultoyou【答案】16.E17.A18.C19.D20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了如何通過自我反思和探索興趣來找到生活的目標(biāo)，提出了一些有助于揭示或發(fā)現(xiàn)人生目標(biāo)的策略?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Youprobablyliketodomanydifferentthingsandthethingsyoulovetodomayhavebecomesorootedinyourlifethatyoudon’trealizehowimportantthosethingsare.(你可能喜歡做很多不同的事情，你喜歡做的事情可能已經(jīng)在你的生活中根深蒂固，以至于你沒有意識(shí)到這些事情有多重要)”可知，本句對上文進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充，說明其他人可以幫助你發(fā)現(xiàn)哪些事情對你很重要。故E選項(xiàng)“幸運(yùn)的是，其他人可能會(huì)給你一些見解”符合語境，故選E?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“It’seasytobrowse(瀏覽)socialmediawhileyou’realoneonthesubwayorsittingatabarwaitingforafriend.(當(dāng)你獨(dú)自坐地鐵或坐在酒吧里等朋友的時(shí)候，瀏覽社交媒體是很容易的)”以及后文“Instead,takethetimetotalktothepeoplearoundyou.Askthemiftheyareworkingonanyprojects.Youmightdiscovernewactivitiestoexploreordifferentplacestovisit.(相反，花點(diǎn)時(shí)間和你周圍的人談?wù)?。問他們是否在做什么?xiàng)目。你可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)新的活動(dòng)或不同的地方去探索)”可知，本句承接上文，并引出下文關(guān)于與周圍人交談的建議，旨在建議讀者克制這種沖動(dòng)，并引出后文與人交談，而不是沉浸于社交媒體。故A選項(xiàng)“抵制這種沖動(dòng)”符合語境，故選A?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Manypeoplehavetheirpetcausesthatsurroundaninjustice.Isthereanythingthatmakesyoudeeplyunhappytothinkabout?Itmightbeanimalwelfareoraparticularcivilrightsissue.Perhapstheideaofseniorcitizensspendingtheholidaysalonemakesyouweepy.(許多人都有自己喜歡的不公正的原因。有沒有什么事情讓你回想起來非常不開心？它可能是動(dòng)物福利或特定的民權(quán)問題。也許老年人獨(dú)自度過假期的想法會(huì)讓你流淚)”可知，該段討論了個(gè)人關(guān)注的社會(huì)不公問題可能會(huì)幫你找到人生目標(biāo)。C項(xiàng)中“injusticesthatbotheryou”直接與下文“Isthereanythingthatmakesyoudeeplyunhappytothinkabout?(有沒有什么事情讓你回想起來非常不開心？)”相呼應(yīng)。故C選項(xiàng)“考慮那些困擾你的不公正”符合語境，故選C?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Itmightbeanimalwelfareoraparticularcivilrightsissue.Perhapstheideaofseniorcitizensspendingtheholidaysalonemakesyouweepy.(它可能是動(dòng)物福利或特定的民權(quán)問題。也許老年人獨(dú)自度過假期的想法會(huì)讓你流淚)”以及后文“Youmightfindyourcareergivesyoutheabilityandsometimetoaffordtohelpacauseyoufeelpassionateabout.(你可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你的職業(yè)給了你能力和時(shí)間去幫助你感興趣的事業(yè))”可知，上文提及了一些社會(huì)問題，下文討論個(gè)人對社會(huì)問題的關(guān)注如何與職業(yè)和人生目標(biāo)聯(lián)系起來，推測本句說明如何在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中兼顧職業(yè)和追求目標(biāo)，故D選項(xiàng)“你不一定要全職從事你的目標(biāo)”符合語境，故選D?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Doyouabsolutelylovemusicaltheater?Yourskillsmightbebestputtouseinawaythatbringsliveperformancestochildrenwhocanbenefitfromexposuretothearts.Considerwhattypeofskills,talents,andpassionsyoubringtothetable.(你絕對喜歡音樂劇嗎？你的技能最好用在給孩子們帶來現(xiàn)場表演上，他們可以從接觸藝術(shù)中受益?？紤]一下你能為公司帶來什么樣的技能、天賦和激情)”可知，上文建議讀者思考自己具備的技能、才華和激情，本句進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)展了這個(gè)思路，建議讀者去思考如何將這些激情和才華轉(zhuǎn)化為有意義的事物。故G選項(xiàng)“然后，頭腦風(fēng)暴如何把你的激情變成對你有意義的東西”符合語境，故選G。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。OnSept.14,2023,KrissyMiller,a49-year-oldhiker,crossedpathswithShillerJosephwhilehiking“YMountain”inUtah.MillerstruckupaconversationwithJosephby____21____askingaboutthesportsT-shirthewaswearing.Thetwofeltaninstantbondandastrong____22____.LearningJosephhadrecentlymovedfromFloridatoUtah,Millerasked,“WhatdoyoulikeaboutUtah?”“Imoveduponthe____23____list,”respondedJoseph,whosuffersfromlupus,adiseasethathasdamagedhiskidneys(腎臟).Rightthere,Miller____24____togivehimoneofherkidneys,asshehadalwayswantedtobeakidney____25____,eversinceshesawaFacebookpostin2022aboutafatherinneedofatransplant.Josephwas____26____byheroffer,speechless,overjoyedandgratefulforher____27____.Afteraseriesof____28____,theyfoundouttheywereaperfect____29____.OnApr.2,2024,MillerandJosephunderwentsuccessful_____30_____atIntermountainMedicalCenter,tocompleteanunlikelyconnectionthatresultedina_____31_____procedure.“Over90,000peopleacrossthecountryare_____32_____akidneytransplant.Thekidneyfroma_____33_____donorlikeMillercanshortenthewaittime,_____34_____theriskofcomplicationsandofferabetterchanceforsurvivalforthepersonwho_____35_____thekidney,”saidDr.DonaldMorris,IntermountainHealthkidneytransplantmedicaldirector.21.A.initially B.seriously C.purposefully D.eagerly22.A.need B.contrast C.connection D.possibility23.A.mailing B.transplant C.hit D.guest24.A.managed B.offered C.hesitated D.declined25.A.patient B.expert C.buyer D.donor26.A.shocked B.terrified C.confused D.amused27.A.responsibility B.generosity C.creativity D.curiosity28.A.talks B.interviews C.tests D.selections29.A.family B.couple C.team D.match30.A.trials B.exhibitions C.evaluations D.operations31.A.time-consuming B.game-changing C.life-saving D.never-ending32.A.consultingabout B.votingagainst C.dyingfrom D.waitingfor33.A.living B.distant C.familiar D.young34.A.reduce B.avoid C.predict D.calculate35.A.transports B.receives C.maintains D.donates【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.B25.D26.A27.B28.C29.D30.D31.C32.D33.A34.A35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了49歲的KrissyMiller在徒步時(shí)偶遇了患有紅斑狼瘡的ShillerJoseph，在得知Joseph正在等待腎臟捐贈(zèng)的情況之后，Miller主動(dòng)提出捐腎，兩人成功配對并完成移植手術(shù)，Joseph的生命得到了挽救?！?1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：Miller起初是問Joseph穿的運(yùn)動(dòng)T恤，然后和他開始了對話。A.initially起初；B.seriously嚴(yán)肅地；C.purposefully有目的地；D.eagerly渴望地。根據(jù)上文“MillerstruckupaconversationwithJoseph”可推知，起初Miller問了Joseph穿的運(yùn)動(dòng)T恤，然后兩人開始了對話。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：兩人立刻感覺到一種羈絆和強(qiáng)烈的聯(lián)系。A.need需要；B.contrast對比；C.connection聯(lián)系；D.possibility可能性。根據(jù)上文“Thetwofeltaninstantbond”可知，connection“聯(lián)系”符合語境，和bond呼應(yīng)，表示兩人感覺到的是羈絆和聯(lián)系。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“我在移植名單上排名提前了，”Joseph回答說，他患有紅斑狼瘡，這種疾病已經(jīng)損害了他的腎臟。A.mailing郵寄；B.transplant移植；C.hit打擊；D.guest客人。根據(jù)下文“Joseph,whosuffersfromlupus,adiseasethathasdamagedhiskidneys(腎臟)”可知，Joseph患有紅斑狼瘡，腎臟受損，需要進(jìn)行移植手術(shù)，此處指在移植名單上排名提前了。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：就在那里，Miller提出把自己的一個(gè)腎臟給他，因?yàn)樽詮?022年她在Facebook上看到一篇關(guān)于一位父親需要移植的帖子以來，她一直想成為一名腎臟捐贈(zèng)者。A.managed設(shè)法；B.offered主動(dòng)提出；C.hesitated猶豫；D.declined拒絕。根據(jù)下文“Josephwas____6____byheroffer”可知，offered“主動(dòng)提出”符合語境，和下文的offer是同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，短語offertodo意為“主動(dòng)提出做某事”，表示Miller提出把自己的一個(gè)腎臟給他。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：就在那里，Miller提出把自己的一個(gè)腎臟給他，因?yàn)樽詮?022年她在Facebook上看到一篇關(guān)于一位父親需要移植的帖子以來，她一直想成為一名腎臟捐贈(zèng)者。A.patient病人；B.expert專家；C.buyer買家；D.donor捐贈(zèng)者。根據(jù)下文“eversinceshesawaFacebookpostin2022aboutafatherinneedofatransplant”可推知，在看到一篇關(guān)于一位父親需要移植的帖子后，Miller有了成為一名腎臟捐贈(zèng)者的想法。故選D。【26題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Joseph被她的提議驚呆了，說不出話來，欣喜若狂，對她的慷慨非常感激。A.shocked震驚的；B.terrified恐懼的；C.confused困惑的；D.amused被逗樂的。根據(jù)下文“speechless,overjoyedandgrateful”可知，此處描述Joseph聽到Miller的話后的情緒，shocked“震驚的”符合語境，表示他驚呆了，說不出話來，欣喜若狂，充滿感激。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Joseph被她的提議驚呆了，說不出話來，欣喜若狂，對她的慷慨非常感激。A.responsibility責(zé)任；B.generosity慷慨；C.creativity創(chuàng)造力；D.curiosity好奇心。根據(jù)上文“Miller____4____togivehimoneofherkidneys”可知，Miller打算為Joseph捐贈(zèng)自己的腎臟，Joseph是對其慷慨非常感激。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：經(jīng)過一系列的測試，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們完美匹配。A.talks談話；B.interviews面試；C.tests測試；D.selections選擇。根據(jù)醫(yī)學(xué)常識(shí)和上文“Afteraseriesof”可推知，在進(jìn)行移植手術(shù)前，兩人需要經(jīng)過一系列的測試。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：經(jīng)過一系列的測試，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們完美匹配。A.family家庭；B.couple夫婦；C.team團(tuán)隊(duì)；D.match相配的人（或物）。根據(jù)下文“OnApr.2,2024,MillerandJosephunderwentsuccessful____10____atIntermountainMedicalCenter”可知，Miller和Joseph順利進(jìn)行了移植手術(shù)，說明兩人能完美匹配。故選D。【30題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：2024年4月2日，Miller和Joseph在Intermountain醫(yī)療中心成功進(jìn)行了手術(shù)，完成了一次不太可能的連接，挽救了生命。A.trials試驗(yàn)；B.exhibitions展覽；C.evaluations評估；D.operations手術(shù)。根據(jù)下文“tocompleteanunlikelyconnection”可知，Miller和Joseph完成了一次不太可能的連接，說明是進(jìn)行了移植手術(shù)