四川省內(nèi)江市威遠(yuǎn)中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期中考試英語試題

威遠(yuǎn)中學(xué)校屆高二下半期考試英語注意事項(xiàng)本試卷分第I卷選擇題和第卷非選擇題兩部分;答題前,考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置;全部答案在答題卡上完成,答在本試卷上無效。第一部分聽力共兩節(jié),滿分分)做題時(shí),,你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)共5小題;每小題分,滿分分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),,你都有秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.WhatdoesthemanthinkofFlora?A.Lovely.B.Beautiful.C.Scary.2.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Drivingacar.B.Crossingthestreet.C.Ridingabus.3.Whywasthemanlate?A.Hewasill.B.Hehadapoormemory.C.Hewasn’tinformed.4.WhatdoesthewomanadviseJacktodo?A.Learntoshare.B.ApologizetoC.Askforhelp.5.Whenwillthewomanarriveatthetomorrow?A.At10:00a.m.B.At9:00a.m.C.At9:30a.m.第二節(jié)共小題,每小題分,滿分分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題給出5秒鐘作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。6.Howwillthemancelebratehisbirthday?A.He’llgooutforameal.B.He’llhaveaparty.第1頁/共23頁C.He’llplayputergames.7.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Brotherandsister.C.andstudent.聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第8至第題。8.Whathappenedtothewoman’ssweater?A.Itbecamedirty.B.Itbecamepink.C.Itbecamesmaller.9.Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo?A.throwawaythelabel.B.followtheinstructions.C.separatesweatersfromTshirts.10.Whydidtheclothessmellbad?A.Themanforgottowashthem.B.Themandidn’tusewashingpowder.C.Themandrycleanedthemimproperly.聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第至第題。WheredidthemanlearnaboutMarkBrown?A.FromTV.B.Fromtheradio.C.Fromthenewspaper.12.WhatwasMarkBrownpraisedfor?A.Savingpeoplefromtheflood.B.Raisingawarenessoftheflood.C.Donatingmoneytofloodvictims.13.WhydidthewomanwanttowriteMr.Brownaletter?A.askhimformorehelp.B.expressheradmiration.C.knowmoreabouthislife.聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第至第題。14.WhereistheGrandHotel?A.Atthefirstcrossing.B.OppositethepostC.NexttotheCentralBank.15.Whatdoesthemanthinkofuphillwalk?第2頁/共23頁A.It’sdifficult.B.It’sinteresting.C.It’seasy.16.HowwillthewomanprobablygototheGrandHotel?A.Onfoot.B.Bybus.C.Bytaxi.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答第至第題。17.Wherewillthedonatedmoneygo?A.theartdepartment.B.thesportsteams.C.theputerlab.18.Howlongdoesthebookfairlastthisweek?A.days.B.Threedays.C.Fourdays.19.Whoseclassishostingabakesale?A.Mr.Gogh’s.B.Mr.Black’s.C.Mr.Smith’s.20.Whoistheannouncementintendedfor?A.Parents.B.Students.C.第二部分閱讀共兩節(jié),滿分分)第一節(jié)共小題;每小題分,滿分分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAtoAbroad!inviteyoutojoinusonanamazingjourneyoflanguagelearning.Regardlessofyourchoiceofcourse,you’lldevelopyourlanguageabilitybothquicklyandeffectively.OurStandardCourseguaranteesasignificantincreaseinyourconfidenceinaforeignlanguage,withfocusedteachinginall4skillareas—speaking,listening,readingandwriting.OurIntensiveCoursebuildsonourStandardCourse,with10additionallessonsperweek,guaranteeingthefastestpossiblelanguagelearning.Studentsareplacedintoclassesaccordingtotheircurrentlanguageskills.Themajorityofthemtakeanonlinelanguagetestbeforestartingtheirprogram.However,ifthisisnotavailable,studentssittheexamonthefirstMondayoftheircourse.Ourprogramthefullpackage—studentsaretakengoodcareoffromthestartthroughtotheveryend.第3頁/共23頁Theyarecollectedfromtheairportuponarrivalandbroughttotheiracmodationinfort.requirethestudent’sfullflightdetailsatleast4weeksinadvance.過敏Studentsareprovidedwithbreakfast,dinnerandeitheracookedorpackedlunchwhichincludesasandwich,adrinkandadessert.askthatyouletusknowofanyallergiesordietaryrequirementsaswellasinformationaboutanymedicinesyoutake.Dependingonthetypeofallergiesand/ordietaryrequirements,extramoneymaybeneededforprovidingspecialfood.1.HowdoesIntensiveCoursefromStandardCourse?A.Itislesseffective.B.Itfocusesonspeaking.C.Itincludesextralessons.D.Itgivesyouconfidence.2.Beforestartingtheirprogram,studentsareexpectedto________.A.takealanguagetestB.haveanonlineinterviewC.preparelearningmaterialsD.reporttheirlanguagelevels3.thefullpackagetheprogramorganizerissupposedto________.A.informstudentsoftheirfullflightdetailsB.lookafterstudentsthroughouttheprogramC.studentsfreesightseeingtripsD.collectstudents’luggageinadvance【答案】1.C2.A3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了青少年海外語言課程。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“OurIntensiveCoursebuildsonourStandardCourse,with10additionallessonsperweek,guaranteeingthefastestpossiblelanguagelearning.(我們的強(qiáng)化課程在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)課程基礎(chǔ)上每周增設(shè)10課時(shí)，確保語言學(xué)習(xí)效率最大化。)”可知，相比標(biāo)準(zhǔn)課程，強(qiáng)化課程包含每周增加的10節(jié)課。故選C。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Themajorityofthemtakeanonlinelanguagetestbeforestartingtheirprogram.(他們中的大多數(shù)需在課程開始前參加在線語言測(cè)試。)測(cè)試。故選A。第4頁/共23頁【3題詳解】Ourprogramthefullpackage—studentsaretakengoodcareoffromthestartthroughtotheveryend.(本項(xiàng)目提供全流程無憂服務(wù)——學(xué)員從抵達(dá)伊始到課程結(jié)束都將得到悉心照料。)”可知，選擇全包服務(wù)時(shí)，項(xiàng)目組織方應(yīng)當(dāng)全程照顧學(xué)生。故選B。BAtSeattle’sGarfieldHighSchool,adozen(十多個(gè))basketballplayersarepracticing.Theseguystakethegameseriouslyatthisschool.AhalfdozencoacheskeepeveryonefocusedasGarfieldpreparesforaSaturdaygame.InthemiddleofallthisisBrandonRoy,theformerNBAAllStarandGarfield’sgreatestplayer.Royistheheadcoach.Badkneesforcedhimoutofprobasketballwellbeforehistime.FouryearsafterhisforcedNBAretirement,hebegancoachingatSeattle’sNathanHaleHighSchoolin2017withnobackgroundwhatsoeverandwonastatechampionship.Hemovedtohisalmamater(母校)thefollowingyearandgotanotherstatetitlewithaoncebeatenteam.“ReallythethingthatbroughtmetocoachingwasImissedbasketball,”Roysaid.Aftertaking2019fromcoachingtodealwithpersonalissues,Royreturnedandhashisteampointedatstateagain.Heownsa785coachingrecord.hissuccess,othersfrequentlydiscusswhetherRoywantstomoveuptheranksashedidasaplayer.“MyultimategoalisnottocoachintheNBAbuttobuildarealstrongfoundationatmyalmamater.Idon’tfeelchallengedtomakeittothenextlevel.Ifeelchallengedrightheretomakeitatthislevel.”Aspracticeestoaclose,Roygathershisplayersaroundhimandhiscoachesandtheytalkaboutthegameahead.Beforeeveryoneheadshome,hehasthemshakehands.Playersandplayers.Coachesandplayers.It’sashowofrespectandtogetherness.Mostly,hejustlistenedtohismotherandfollowedherinsightfuldirectiontobeeatopflightcoach.“Mymomgavemethebestadvice—shesaidkeepyourego(自我)outofit,”Roysaid.“ShetoldmetoforgetwhatIhadachievedintheNBAandbedowntoearth.ShetrustedthatI’dbeprettygoodatit.”4.WhydoesBrandonRoyshowupatcourt?A.prepareforagameasaplayer.B.coachastudentbasketballteam.C.lookforfuturebasketballplayers.D.selectformerNBAplayersasassistants.5.WhathappenedtoBrandonRoyin2018?A.Hewasbadlyinjured.B.Hewasforcedtoretire.C.Heledateamtosuccess.D.Hegaveuphisbasketballcareer.第5頁/共23頁6.WhatisBrandonRoy’sfinalgoal?A.GoingbacktotheNBAasaprofessionalplayer.B.BeingaprofessionalcoachinanNBAteam.C.Improvingthebasketballlevelofhisalmamater’steam.D.Beingthegreatestbasketballplayerofhisalmamater.7.WhatlessondidBrandonRoy’smothergivehim?A.totrustothers.B.Learnfromthebest.C.Don’tbeetooproud.D.Nevergiveupondreams.【答案】4.B5.C6.C7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。因傷退役的NBA球星BrandonRoy完成了從明星球員到明星教練的完美蛻變?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“InthemiddleofallthisisBrandonRoy,theformerNBAAllStarandGarfield’sgreatestplayer.Royistheheadcoach.(在這一切的中間是布蘭登羅伊，前NBA全明星和Garfield最偉大的球員。羅伊是主教練)”可知，BrandonRoy作為主教練在球場(chǎng)上指導(dǎo)球員訓(xùn)練。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“FouryearsafterhisforcedNBAretirement,hebegancoachingatSeattle’sNathanHaleHighSchoolin2017withnobackgroundwhatsoeverandwonastatechampionship.Hemovedtohisalmamater(母校)thefollowingyearandgotanotherstatetitlewithaoncebeatenteam.(2017年開始在西雅圖內(nèi)森黑爾高中執(zhí)教，沒有任何背景，并贏得了州冠軍。第二年，他搬到了母校，帶領(lǐng)一支曾經(jīng)被擊敗的球隊(duì)再次獲得州冠軍)BrandonRoy在2018年的時(shí)候帶領(lǐng)母校球隊(duì)拿到了州冠軍。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“MyultimategoalisnottocoachintheNBAbuttobuildarealstrongfoundationatmyalmamater.Idon’tfeelchallengedtomakeittothenextlevel.Ifeelchallengedrightheretomakeitatthislevel.(我的最終目標(biāo)不是在NBA當(dāng)教練，而是在母校打好堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。我不覺得要進(jìn)入下一個(gè)階段有什么挑戰(zhàn)。我覺得在這里達(dá)到這個(gè)水平是一種挑戰(zhàn))”可知，BrandonRoy最終的目標(biāo)是提高母?；@球隊(duì)的水平。故選C?！?題詳解】第6頁/共23頁“Mymomgavemethebestadvice—shesaidkeepyourego(自我)outofit,”Roysaid.“ShetoldmetoforgetwhatIhadachievedintheNBAandbedowntoearth.ShetrustedthatI’dbeprettygoodatit.”(NBA取得的成)”可知，BrandonRoy的母親告訴他不要自傲，要忘記過去取得的成就，時(shí)刻保持謙遜，腳踏實(shí)地。故選C。CAcharmingthreestoryhomesitsatthecornerof10thandCenterstreetsontheGeorgiaInstiuteof(GeorgincampusinAtlanta.Fromtheoutside,itappearsjustlikeanyotherhome,butinside,Georgiaresearchersaretestinganddevelopingadvanceddevicestodeterminewhichcanmakethehomesaferandsmarter—forolderadults.Thehouseisactuallyalivinglab,calledtheHome,andresearchconductedtherehasrevealed(顯示)manytophomerelatedconcernsamongolderadults—unattendedcooking,waterleftrunning,TVslefton...anddoorsleftunlocked.Now,someinhometechnologiesareindevelopment—oronthemarket—toaddressthoseconcerns.OnenewdevicecalledInirvReactconnectsyourstove(爐具)toasensorinyourhomeandasmartphoneapp.Thesensorwillautomaticallyturnthestoveifitnolongerdetectsmovementaroundtheapplianceafteracertainperiodoftime.canalsoturnthestoveusingyoursmartphone.Devicesofthefutureareexpectedtocollectandusedatetobeesmarter,accordingtoElizabethMynatt,aprofessoratGeorgia“Theywilllearnmoreaboutyourhabits,yourlikes,yourdislikes,yourroutines,whenyou’remostlikelytoforgettotakeyourmedicine,whataretheaspects(方面)ofyourhealththatneedthemostattention,”shesaid.anytechnology,“mostpeopleaskthatquestion‘Howinvasive(侵?jǐn)_的)isit?’.Butwhatwehearfromolderadultsisthattheyvaluethesecurityandthesafetythatthetechnologyprovidesforthem,”Mynattsaid.75yearoldAlbertBoletofAtlantathinksmostolderadultsaretypicallyreadytobringtechnologyintotheirhomes.“Peoplehavethemisguidedimpressionthatseniorsareopposedtotechnology.”saidBolet.dounderstandwirelesstechnology,andweunderstandhowthesethingswillmakethingseasier.Beingindependentismostimportantinthemindofanybodythatgetstobeourageorolder.”8.WhatistheHome?AAsmarthouse.B.Aresearchlab.第7頁/共23頁C.Anursinghome.D.Asciencemuseum.9.WhatwillInirvReactdowhenitsensesnomovementaroundastoveforlong?A.thestovedirectly.B.Giveoutawarningsound.C.Activateasensorinthehouse.D.Sendamessagetoaconnectedphone.10.WhatwillfuturesmarthomedevicesbelikeaccordingtoMynatt?A.Theywillprovidemedicaladvice.B.Theywillbemorelikecaregivers.C.Theywillbeemorepersonalized.D.Theywillreplacecaregiversinmostcase.WhatdidAtbertBoletsayaboutmostseniors?A.Theyarewillingtousesmarthomedevices.B.Theyfindithardtokeepupwithnewtechnology.C.Theypreferasimplelifewithouttechnology.D.TheyarebeingmoredependentontheInternet.【答案】8.B9.A10.CA【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。在亞特蘭大佐治亞理工學(xué)院，研究人員正在測(cè)試和開發(fā)一種先進(jìn)的設(shè)備，以確定哪種設(shè)備可以讓老年人的家更安全、更智能?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Fromtheoutside,itappearsjustlikeanyotherhome,butinside,Georgiaresearchersaretestinganddevelopingadvanceddevicestodeterminewhichcanmakethehomesaferandsmarter—forolderadults.(從外表上看，它看起來和其他任何家庭一樣，但在內(nèi)部，佐治亞理工大學(xué)的研究人員正在測(cè)試和開發(fā)先進(jìn)的設(shè)備，以確定哪種設(shè)備可以讓老年人的家更安全、更智能)”以及第二段“Thehouseisactuallyalivinglab,calledtheHome(這所房子實(shí)際上是一個(gè)生活實(shí)驗(yàn)室，名為Home)”可知，Home是一個(gè)研究實(shí)驗(yàn)室，故選B項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“OnenewdevicecalledInirvReactconnectsyourstove(爐具)toasensorinyourhomeandasmartphoneapp.Thesensorwillautomaticallyturnthestoveifitnolongerdetectsmovement第8頁/共23頁aroundtheapplianceafteracertainperiodoftime.(一種名為InirvReact的新設(shè)備連接您的爐灶連接到家中的傳感器和智能應(yīng)用程序。如果傳感器在一段時(shí)間后不再檢測(cè)到電器周圍的移動(dòng)，它將自動(dòng)關(guān)閉爐子)”可知，當(dāng)InirvReact長(zhǎng)時(shí)間感覺不到爐子周圍有任何東西移動(dòng)時(shí)，它會(huì)直接關(guān)閉爐子，故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】Devicesofthefutureareexpectedtocollectandusedatetobeesmarter,accordingtoElizabethMynatt,aprofessoratGeorgia“Theywilllearnmoreaboutyourhabits,yourlikes,yourdislikes,yourroutines,whenyou’remostlikelytoforgettotakeyourmedicine,whataretheaspects(方面)ofyourhealththatneedthemostattention,”(佐治亞理工大學(xué)教授ElizabethMynatt表示，未來的設(shè)備有望收集和使用數(shù)據(jù)，)”可推理出，未來的智能家居設(shè)備將會(huì)變得更加個(gè)性化，故選C項(xiàng)。【題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“75--year-oldAlbertBoletofAtlantathinksmostolderadultsaretypicallyreadytobringtechnologyintotheirhomes.(亞特蘭大75歲的AlbertBolet認(rèn)為，大多數(shù)老年人通常已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好將技術(shù)帶入他們的家中。)”以及“dounderstandwirelesstechnology,andweunderstandhowthesethingswillmakethingseasier.Beingindependentismostimportantinthemindofanybodythatgetstobeourageorolder.(我們確實(shí)了解無線技術(shù)，我們知道這些東西會(huì)讓事情變得更容易。在任何與我們同齡或年長(zhǎng)的人心中，獨(dú)立是最重要的。)”可推理出，AtbertBolet認(rèn)為大部分老年人愿意使用智能家居設(shè)備，故選A項(xiàng)。DAhoneybee’slifedependsonitsuccessfullyharvestingfromflowerstomakehoney.Decidingwhichflowerismostlikelytonectar(花蜜)isincrediblydifficult.Innewresearchpublishedrecently,ourteamreportshowbeesmaketheseplexdecisions.challengedbeeswithafieldofartificialflowers,eachofwhichatinydropofsugarsyrup.Different-colored“flowers”variedintheirlikelihoodofofferingsugar.puttiny,harmlesspaintmarksonthebackofeachbee,andfilmedeveryvisitabeemadetotheflowerarray.thenusedputervisionandmachinelearningtoautomaticallydrawandstudytherouteonwhichbeesflewthrough.Fromthisinformation,wefoundbeesveryquicklylearnedtoidentifythemostrewardingflowers.Theyquicklyassessedwhethertoacceptorrejectaflower,butsurprisinglytheymadecorrectdecisionswithin0.6secondswhileincorrectdecisionstookthem1.2secondsonaverage.Theresultsandwhatweexpectedarepolesapart.Usuallyinanimals,anaccuratedecisiontakeslongerthananinaccuratedecision.Thisiscalledthespeed-accuracytradewhichhappensbecausedeterminingwhethera第9頁/共23頁decisionisrightorwrongusuallydependsonhowmuchevidencewehavetomakethatdecision.Moreevidencemeansamoreaccuratedecision,butgatheringevidencetakestime.Soaccuratedecisionsareusuallyslowandinaccuratedecisionsarefaster.Butbeesonlyacceptedaflowerif,ataglance,theyweresureitwasrewarding.Iftheyhadanyuncertainty,theyrejectedit.Theymighthavemissedsomerewardingflowers,buttheysuccessfullyfocusedtheironlyontheflowerswiththebestchanceandbestevidenceofprovidingthemwithsugar.Theonlyotheranimalsknowntobeatthespeedaccuracytradeoffarehumansandprimates.It’sindeedamazingthatbeesseemedtobebreakingthisboundary.12.Howdidresearchersgettheresultoftheexperiment?A.Byobservingbeesinthewild.B.Byanalyzingbees’flightpaths.C.Bytestingbeesindifferentcolors.D.Byparingbees’foodpreference.13.Whatdidtheresearchfindaboutbees?A.Theycouldtellartificialflowersimmediately.B.Theyperformedbetterincertaincoloredflowers.C.Theymaderightchoicesfasterthanthewrongones.DTheymademorecorrectdecisionsthanotherspecies.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“polesapart”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Contrary.B.Reasonable.C.Essential.D.Confusing.15.Whydobeesbeatthespeedaccuracytradeoff?A.Theyignoreuncertainties.B.Theygatherevidenceveryfast.C.Theystayontherighttrackwhileflying.D.Theyadoptaspecialdecisionmakingmechanism.【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了研究團(tuán)隊(duì)通過用人工花對(duì)蜜蜂進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)，研究蜜蜂如何做出采蜜決策，發(fā)現(xiàn)蜜蜂打破了速度準(zhǔn)確性權(quán)衡這一現(xiàn)象。第10頁/共23頁【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“thenusedputervisionandmachinelearningtoautomaticallydrawandstudytherouteonwhichbeesflewthrough.Fromthisinformation,wefoundbeesveryquicklylearnedtoidentifythemostrewardingflowers.(信息中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)蜜蜂很快就學(xué)會(huì)了識(shí)別最有價(jià)值的花朵。)”可知，研究人員是通過分析蜜蜂的飛行路徑來獲取實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Theyquicklyassessedwhethertoacceptorrejectaflower,butsurprisinglytheymadecorrectdecisionswithin0.6secondswhileincorrectdecisionstookthem1.2secondsonaverage.(它們迅速評(píng)估是否接受或拒絕一朵花，但令人驚訝的是，它們?cè)?.6秒內(nèi)做出正確的決定，而錯(cuò)誤的決定平均需要1.2秒。)”可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)蜜蜂做出正確選擇的速度比做出錯(cuò)誤選擇的速度要快。故選C項(xiàng)。14題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中“Fromthisinformation,wefoundbeesveryquicklylearnedtoidentifythemostrewardingflowers.Theyquicklyassessedwhethertoacceptorrejectaflower,butsurprisinglytheymadecorrectdecisionswithin0.6secondswhileincorrectdecisionstookthem1.2secondsonaverage.(從這些信息中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)蜜蜂很快就學(xué)會(huì)了識(shí)別最有價(jià)值的花朵。它們迅速評(píng)估是否接受或拒絕一朵花，但令人驚訝的是，它們?cè)?.61.2秒。)”和第三段中“Usuallyinanimals,anaccuratedecisiontakeslongerthananinaccuratedecision.Thisiscalledthespeedaccuracytradewhichhappensbecausedeterminingwhetheradecisionisrightorwrongusuallydependsonhowmuchevidencewehavetomakethatdecision.Moreevidencemeansamoreaccuratedecision,butgatheringevidencetakestime.Soaccuratedecisionsareusuallyslowandinaccuratedecisionsarefaster.(通常在動(dòng)物中，準(zhǔn)確的決策比不準(zhǔn)確的決策花費(fèi)的時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)。這被稱為速度準(zhǔn)確性權(quán)衡，之所以會(huì)這樣，是因?yàn)榕袛嘁粋€(gè)決策是否正確通常取決于我們做出該決策所擁有的證據(jù)量。更多的證據(jù)意味著更準(zhǔn)確的決策，但收集證據(jù)需要時(shí)間。所以準(zhǔn)確的決策通常較慢，而不準(zhǔn)確的決策則較快。)”可知，通常在動(dòng)物中，準(zhǔn)確的決策比不準(zhǔn)確的決策花費(fèi)的時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)，但蜜蜂的情況相反，它們做出正確的決定的時(shí)間更短。所以“Theresultsandwhatweexpectedarepolesapart.”polesapart”意思是“相反的”，與“Contrary”意思相近。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Butbeesonlyacceptedaflowerif,ataglance,theyweresureitwasrewarding.Iftheyhadanyuncertainty,theyrejectedit.Theymighthavemissedsomerewardingflowers,buttheysuccessfullyfocusedtheironlyontheflowerswiththebestchanceandbestevidenceofprovidingthemwithsugar.(但第11頁/共23頁蜜蜂只有在一眼就確定一朵花有價(jià)值時(shí)才會(huì)接受它。如果它們有任何不確定，就會(huì)拒絕它。它們可能錯(cuò)過了一些有價(jià)值的花朵，但它們成功地將精力只集中在最有可能、最有證據(jù)能為它們提供糖分的花朵上。)”可知，蜜蜂采用了一種特殊的決策機(jī)制，即只接受一眼確定有價(jià)值的花，有不確定就拒絕，這使得它們打破了速度準(zhǔn)確性權(quán)衡。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)共5小題;每小題分,滿分分)閱讀下面短文,多余選項(xiàng)。Sometimeswedecidethatalittleunnecessarydangerisworthitbecausewhenweweightheriskandthereward,theriskseemsworthtaking.____16____Someofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestofus.Why?Expertssayitmayhavetodowithhowourbrainswork?Thereasonwhyanyofustakeanyrisksatallmighthavetodowithearlyhumans.Risktakerswerebetterathunting,fighting,orexploring.____17____Asthequalityofrisktakingwaspassedfromonegenerationtothenext,humansendedupwithasenseofadventureandatoleranceforrisk.Sowhyaren’twealljumpingoutofairplanesthen?even200,000yearsago,toomuchrisktakingcouldgetonekilled.Afewdaringsurvived,though,alongwithafewstayinthecavetypes.Asaresult,humansdevelopedarangeofcharactertypesthatstillexiststoday.Somaybeyoulovecarracing,ormaybeyouhateit.___18___Nomatterwhereyouareontheriskseekingrange,scientistssaythatyourwillingnesstotakerisksincreasesduringyourteenageyears.____19____helpyoudothat,yourbrainincreasesyourhungerfornewexperiences.Newexperiencesoftenmeantakingsomerisks,soyourbrainraisesyourtoleranceforriskaswell.___20___Fortheriskseekersapartofthebrainrelatedtopleasurebeesactive,whilefortherestofus,apartofthebrainrelatedtofearbeesactive.Asexpertscontinuetostudythescienceofriskseeking,we’llcontinuetohitthemountains,thewavesortheshallowendofthepool.A.Italldependsonyourcharacter.B.Thosearetherisksyoushouldjumptotake.CBeingbetteratthosethingsmeantagreaterchanceofsurvival.D.Thus,thesewellequippedpeoplesurvivedbecausetheywerethefittest.第12頁/共23頁E.Thisiswhenyoustarttomoveawayfromyourfamilyandintothebiggerworld.F.However,wearenotallusingthesamereferencestandardtoweighrisksandrewards.G.Newbrainresearchsuggestsourbrainsworkdifferentlywhenwefaceanervoussituation.【答案】16.F17.C18.A19.E20.G【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了人們喜歡冒險(xiǎn)的來源和科學(xué)依據(jù)，人們都喜歡冒險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)轱L(fēng)險(xiǎn)也意味著回報(bào)，生活中人們喜歡做一些讓別人意外和害怕的事，這和人的大腦有關(guān)．【16題詳解】根據(jù)前文becausewhenweweightheriskandthereward,theriskseemsworthtasking.當(dāng)我們衡量風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和回報(bào)時(shí)，Someofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestofus.有些人喜歡做一些讓別人意外和害怕的事。也就是說衡量風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)每個(gè)人都可能不一樣．故F選項(xiàng)都使用相同的參考標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來衡量風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和回報(bào)”與上文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，且承接下文。故選F?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)前文Risktakerswerebetterathuntingfightingorexploring有更大的機(jī)會(huì)生存下去。故C選項(xiàng)“這意味著他們有更大的機(jī)會(huì)生存下去”承接上文。故選C?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)前文Somaybeyoulovecarracing，ormaybeyouhateit．也許你喜歡賽車，也許你不喜歡，這要依據(jù)你的性格。故A選項(xiàng)“這要依據(jù)你的性格”承接上文。故選A。【19題詳解】根據(jù)前文scientistssaythatyourtotakerisksincreasesduringyourteenageyears.科學(xué)家們指出冒險(xiǎn)的意愿在年輕時(shí)會(huì)不斷強(qiáng)烈。根據(jù)下文helpyoudothat,yourbrainincreasesyourhungerfornewexperiences.為了幫你實(shí)現(xiàn)那些，大腦會(huì)不斷增加你對(duì)新的經(jīng)歷的渴望。而這些是在你離開家庭，走進(jìn)一個(gè)更大的世界的時(shí)候。故E選項(xiàng)“這些是在你離開家庭，走進(jìn)一個(gè)更大的世界的時(shí)候”承接上下文。故選E。【20題詳解】根據(jù)下文Fortheriskseekersapartofthebrainrelatedtopleasurebeesactive,whilefortherestofus,apartofthebrainrelatedtofearbeesactive.不同的人的大腦在處理快樂和恐懼時(shí)表現(xiàn)也會(huì)不一樣。故前面應(yīng)該G選項(xiàng)“式工作”承接下文。故選G。第三部分語言運(yùn)用共兩節(jié),滿分分)第13頁/共23頁第一節(jié)共小題;每小題1分,滿分分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的、、、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。IgrewupinPacificPalisades,oneoftheLosAngelesneighborhoodsburneddownbythewildfires.Asasmalltown,itwasa____21____placesinceeveryonegotonwell.Buttoday,ithasbeen____22____themap.NowI’mstandingonastreetwheremyfavoriterestaurant,Cafeoncestood.Itis____23____.Closingmyeyes,Icouldlistdozensofplacesthatare____24____ofmychildhoodandarenolongerhere.Fireswereapartofmychildhoodandtherewasalwaysthe____25____ofthem.ButneverhadI____26____thattherewouldbesucha(n)____27____.Andyet,thatiswhat____28____happened.WhileIam____29____thewildfires,myfriendsaretexting,askingmeto______30______iftheirhomesarestillstanding.Asajournalist,nomatterwhateventsI’mreporting,Iloveconnectingwithotherpeople.Thisway,Ifeelsomething______31______aboutbeinghere,inaplaceIknowsowell,usingthetoolsthatI’velearnedonthisjobtohelp______32______thisstory.Butitisalsoveryemotional,becauseyoudon’ttruly______33______thetowninthemoment.Inaway,doingthisjobispartofmy______34______experienceforthePalisades.ThisisaboutpeoplerightEverythingisgone,butwe’restillhereandwestillhaveeachother,andthat’swhat______35______isgoingtobeallabout.21.A.popularB.specialC.suitableD.lovely22.A.hiddenfromB.stucktoC.wipedD.addedto23.A.oldB.goneC.strangeD.lively24.A.memoriesB.dreamsC.pitiesD.remains25.A.disappointmentB.fearC.delightD.relief26.A.rememberedB.imaginedC.admittedD.reminded27.A.encounterB.campaignC.accidentD.disaster28.A.exactlyB.eventuallyC.suddenlyD.usually29.A.investigatingB.fightingC.coveringD.watching30.A.checkB.guessC.determineD.tell31.A.beautifulB.hopefulC.frighteningD.annoying32.A.witnessB.shareC.makeD.change33.A.understandB.protectC.recordD.access第14頁/共23頁34.A.worryingB.awkwardC.painfulD.boring35.A.givinginB.sittingbackC.holdingonD.movingforward【答案】21.D22.C23.B24.A25.B26.B27.D28.A29.C30.A31.A32.B33.D34.C35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者回憶了被野火燒毀的家鄉(xiāng)，表達(dá)了對(duì)童年記憶的懷念和對(duì)災(zāi)難的感慨，同時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)了人們團(tuán)結(jié)前行的意義?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：作為一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)，這是一個(gè)可愛的地方，因?yàn)槊總€(gè)人都相處得很好。A.popular受歡迎的；B.special特別的；C.suitable合適的；D.lovely可愛的。根據(jù)后文“sinceeveryonegotonwell”可知，人們相處融洽，說明小鎮(zhèn)氛圍和諧美好，是個(gè)可愛的地方。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】A.hiddenfromB.stucktoC.wiped抹去；D.addedto增加。前文提到“IgrewupinPacificPalisades,oneoftheLosAngelesneighborhoodsburneddownbythewildfires選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：它不見了。A.old舊的；B.gone消失的；C.strange奇怪的；D.lively活潑的。由前文“NowI’mstandingonastreetwheremyfavoriterestaurant,Cafeoncestood餐廳所在的街道，說明餐廳現(xiàn)在已不存在，消失了。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：閉上眼睛，我能列出幾十處承載著我童年回憶、如今卻已不復(fù)存在的地方。A.memoriesB.dreamsC.pitiesD.remains合“mychildhood”可知，這些地方是作者童年生活的一部分，代表著童年回憶。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：火災(zāi)是我童年的一部分，人們總是對(duì)它們心懷恐懼。A.disappointment失望；B.fear恐懼；C.delight高興；D.relief寬慰。因?yàn)椤癋ireswereapartofmychildhood”且野火具有破壞性，會(huì)帶來損失，所以人們自然會(huì)對(duì)火災(zāi)感到恐懼。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但我從未想象過會(huì)發(fā)生這樣一場(chǎng)災(zāi)難。A.remembered記得；B.imagined想象；第15頁/共23頁C.admitted承認(rèn)；D.reminded提醒。后文描述了野火造成小鎮(zhèn)被燒毀的嚴(yán)重后果，這種程度的災(zāi)難是作者之前沒有預(yù)想和想象到的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但我從未想象過會(huì)發(fā)生這樣一場(chǎng)災(zāi)難。A.encounter遭遇；B.campaign運(yùn)動(dòng)；C.accident事故；D.disaster災(zāi)難。結(jié)合前文提到小鎮(zhèn)被野火“burneddown”，可知，這是一場(chǎng)嚴(yán)重的災(zāi)難。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：而這正是確切發(fā)生的事情。A.exactly確切地；B.eventually最終；C.suddenly突然；D.usually通常。根據(jù)前文“IgrewupinPacificPalisades,oneoftheLosAngelesneighborhoodsburneddownbythewildfires.”可知，災(zāi)難是確切地發(fā)生了。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我在報(bào)道野火事件時(shí)，我的朋友們?cè)诎l(fā)短信，讓我查看他們的家是否還在。A.investigating調(diào)查；B.fighting戰(zhàn)斗；C.covering報(bào)道；D.watching觀看。后文“Asajournalist”表明作者的職業(yè)，記者的工作就是對(duì)事件進(jìn)行報(bào)道，所以這里是在報(bào)道野火事件。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我在報(bào)道野火事件時(shí)，我的朋友們?cè)诎l(fā)短信，讓我查看他們的家是否還在。A.check查看；B.guess猜測(cè)；C.determine決定；D.tell告訴。根據(jù)后文“iftheirhomesarestillstanding”可知，朋友們想知道自己家的情況，所以讓身處現(xiàn)場(chǎng)報(bào)道的作者去查看。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這樣，我在這里，在一個(gè)我如此熟悉的地方，用我在這份工作中學(xué)到的工具來分享這個(gè)故事，我感受到了一種美好的東西。A.beautiful美好的；B.hopeful有希望的；C.frightening可怕的；D.annoying煩人的。作者利用自己的職業(yè)技能，在熟悉的家鄉(xiāng)為大家分享故事，這種行為和情感體驗(yàn)讓作者覺得美好。故選A項(xiàng)。【32題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這樣，我在這里，在一個(gè)我如此熟悉的地方，用我在這份工作中學(xué)到的工具來分享這個(gè)故事。A.witness見證；B.share分享；C.make制作；D.change改變。根據(jù)前文“Asajournalist,nomatterwhateventsI’mreporting”可知，作者作為記者，其職責(zé)就是將野火事件的情況通過自己的報(bào)道分享給大家。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】A.understand第16頁/共23頁理解；B.protect保護(hù)；C.record記錄；D.access進(jìn)入。前文描述作者在報(bào)道時(shí)既有工作的理性又有對(duì)家鄉(xiāng)的情感，說明此時(shí)作者還沒有完全進(jìn)入面對(duì)家鄉(xiāng)災(zāi)難那種感同身受的狀態(tài)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】A.worrying令人擔(dān)心的；B.awkward尷尬的；C.painful痛苦的；D.boring無聊的。前文提到家鄉(xiāng)被野火摧毀，作者對(duì)那些熟悉地方的消失感到痛心，所以這是一段痛苦的經(jīng)歷。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】A.givingin屈服；B.sittingback袖手旁觀；C.holdingon堅(jiān)持；D.movingforward向前邁進(jìn)。根據(jù)前文“Everythingisgone,butwe’restillhereandwestillhaveeachother”可知，雖然遭受災(zāi)難，但人們要振作起來，攜手向前，繼續(xù)生活。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)共小題;每小題分,滿分分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。AnyoneinterestedinDunhuangmusthaveheardofFanJinshi,whohasdevotedmorethanhalfacenturyto___36___(conserve)theMogaoCavesattheheartoftheancientSilkRoadinGansuProvince.She___37___(honor)asthe“DaughterofDunhuang”inherfield,though“protector”isprobablyamoreappropriate___38___(describe).In1962,Fanvisitedthecavesforthefirsttime.Foragirlwho___39___(grow)upinShanghai,amomentofexcitementwastoofragile___40___(support)herinstayinginthisdesert.___41___lifewa