生活與學(xué)習(xí)（解析版）- 2025年高考英語熱點(diǎn)話題閱讀與時(shí)文閱讀

專題01生活與學(xué)習(xí)（解析版）

【材料來源：BBCApr.15,2023]

Illeism:Theancienttricktohelpyouthinkmorewisely

Asawriterspecialisinginpsychology,I'vecomeacrosshundredsofevidence-basedtipsforbetterthinking.

Fewhaveprovenasusefultomeastheancientstrategyofilleism.

Putsimply,illeismisthepracticeoftalkingaboutoneselfinthethirdperson,ratherthanthefirstperson.The

rhetoricaldeviceisoftenusedbypoliticianstotrytogivetheirwordsanairofobjectivity.Inhisaccountofthe

GallicWar,forexample,theemperorJuliusCaesarwrote"Caesaravengedthepublic11ratherthan"Iavengedthe

public”.

Tothemodemear,illeismcansoundalittlesillyorpompous.Yetrecentpsychologicalresearchsuggeststhat

illeismcanbringsomerealcognitivebenefits.Ifwearetryingtomakeadifficultdecision,speakingabout

ourselvesinthethirdpersoncanhelptoneutralisetheemotionsthatcouldleadourthinkingastray,allowingusto

findawisersolutiontoourproblem.

Whenmakingpersonalchoices,webecometooimmersedinouremotions,whichcloudourthinkingand

preventusfromputtingourissuesinperspective.IfIhavereceivednegativefeedbackfromacolleague,for

example,myfeelingofembarrassmentmightleadmetobecomeoverlyself-defensive.Imightthereforedismiss

theiropinionswithoutconsideringwhethertheiradvicecouldbehelpfulinthelong-term.

Byswitchingtothethirdperson,ourdescriptionsofthesituationwillstarttosoundasifwearetalkingabout

someoneelseratherthanourselves.Thissenseofdetachmentwouldallowustoseethebiggerpicture,ratherthan

gettingcaughtupinourownfeelings.Byencouragingustoputourproblemsinperspective,theuseofilleismmay

alsohelpustohaveamorebalancedresponsetodailystresses.

【譯文欣賞】

第三人稱敘述法:幫助你更明智地思考的古老技巧

作為一名專攻心理學(xué)的作家，我接觸過上百種提高思維能力的實(shí)證技巧。但對(duì)我來說，很少有策略能

像古老的“第三人稱敘述法”(illeism)一樣有用。

簡單來說，“illeism”就是用第三人稱而不是第一人稱來談?wù)撟约骸Ｕ渭覟榱私o自己的話語增添一種

客觀的感覺，經(jīng)常使用這種修辭手法。例如，凱撒大帝(JuliusCaesar)在敘述高盧戰(zhàn)爭(GallicWar)時(shí)，

寫的是“凱撒為公眾報(bào)了仇”，而不是“我為公眾報(bào)了仇”。

在現(xiàn)代人聽來，用第三人稱來談?wù)撟约嚎赡苡行┯薮阑蛘咦载?fù)。然而，最近的心理學(xué)研究表明，這種

方式能給人帶來一些認(rèn)知方面的切實(shí)好處。如果我們?cè)谧瞿硞€(gè)決定時(shí)十分艱難，那么用第三人稱談?wù)撟约海?/p>

就可以中和那些可能導(dǎo)致我們誤入歧途的情緒，從而讓我們找到解決問題更明智的辦法。

在做個(gè)人選擇時(shí)，我們往往會(huì)過于沉浸在自己的情緒當(dāng)中，這會(huì)妨礙我們思考，使我們無法更全面地

看清問題。比方說，如果我收到了一個(gè)同事的負(fù)面反饋，這種尷尬感就可能導(dǎo)致我過度自我防衛(wèi)。因此，

我可能會(huì)無視他們的意見，而不去考慮這些建議從長遠(yuǎn)來看是否對(duì)自己有幫助。

切換成第三人稱后，我們對(duì)情況的描述聽起來就像是在談?wù)搫e人，而不再是我們自己。這種疏離感能

夠讓我們“格局打開”，而不是陷在自己的感受當(dāng)中。通過鼓勵(lì)自己用全局視角看問題，使用“第三人稱

敘述法”也可以幫助我們更加冷靜平和地應(yīng)對(duì)日常壓力。

【詞匯積累】

l.illeism/'ilijzsm/n.自稱其名（用第三人稱稱呼自6c.ognitive/'ka:gmtiv/adj.認(rèn)矢口的

己）7.neutralise/'njuitrojaiz/v.中和，使無效

2.specialising/'spefblaizig/v.專注于8.emotions/i'mou|bnz/n.情緒

3.evidence-based/'evidsnsbeist/adj.基于證據(jù)的9.detachment/di'taetfinont/n.超然,客觀

4.rhetorical/rit9：nkol/adj.修辭的lO.perspective/psr'spektiv/n.視角，觀點(diǎn)

5.objectivity/ia:bd3ektiviti/n.客觀性

【長難句分析】

原句：

"Ifwearetryingtomakeadifficultdecision,speakingaboutourselvesinthethirdpersoncanhelptoneutralisethe

emotionsthatcouldleadourthinkingastray,allowingustofindawisersolutiontoourproblem.n

譯文：

如果我們?cè)噲D做出一個(gè)困難的決定，用第三人稱談?wù)撟约嚎梢詭椭泻湍切┛赡苁刮覀兊乃季S偏離正軌的

情緒，從而讓我們找到一個(gè)更明智的解決方案。

分析：

主句：speakingaboutourselvesinthethirdpersoncanhelptoneutralisetheemotionsthatcouldleadourthinking

astray,

I

+一[主語：speakingaboutourselvesinthethirdperson]

+--[謂語:canhelp]

+一[補(bǔ)語：toneutralisetheemotionsthatcouldleadourthinkingastray]

分詞短語：allowingustofindawisersolutiontoourproblem.

I

+--[動(dòng)詞:allowing]

+-[賓語:us]

+一[不定式短語：tofindawisersolutiontoourproblem]

(-)

(2024?廣東廣外1?二模)Traintheimportantskillsmodemeditorsusetoevaluateandenhancewritingfor

clarity,precisionandaccuracy.

Inthiscourse,studentswilllearnhowaneditorapproachesasubmittedpiece,goingbeyondsentence-level

errorandlookingatthebigpicturearoundaccuracy,styleandorganization.Understandingthedifferentchallenges

inaneditor5sjob,studentswillgetabehind-the-sceneslookatthissometimesbusyandoftenexcitingcareer.

Meanwhile,studentswillgrowtheirowntechnicaleditingskillsandreturnhomeamorecompetenteditor.

UsingGenZEraastheircasestudy,studentswillmeetandstudyunderthepeoplewhodecidewhattopics

arerelevantandvaluabletotheaudienceandwhodeterminetheoveralleditorialstrategy,ensuringthatthecontent

meetsthestandardsandtoneofthepublication.

CourseHighlights

?Visitthemediacityandattendlecturesbyaward-winningguestspeakers.

?Assessarticlesaswellasquestionandcoachtheauthorstogetthebestpiecepossible.

?Connectwithprofessionalswhomanagethedevelopmentandpublicationofaccurateandworthycontent.

?Editonepieceintoawell-writtenandfact-checkedarticleinthestyleofGenZEra.

Price

?ResidentialProgram(Studentsliveoncampus):$6,600

?DayProgram(Studentscommutetoclasseveryday):$5,500

(Graduatingseniorscanhavea$400discountifapplyingbeforeMay2,2024.)

TermDate:July9-July21,2024

ApplicationDeadline:Friday,May31,2024

ContactAdmission:infb@

1.Whichistheprobablenameofthecourse?

A.CareerDevelopmentinMedia.B.EditorialDecision-making.

C.FundamentalsofEditing.D.IntroductiontoPublication.

2.Whatwillstudentsdointhecourse?

A.Interviewaward-winningguests.B.Helpauthorsimprovetheirarticles.

C-Connectwithprofessionalpublishers.D.EditonearticleforGenZEra.

3.AgraduatingseniorapplyingforaDayProgramonApril30,2024shouldpay.

A.$5,100B.$5,500C.$6,200D.$6,600

【答案速查】1.C2.B3.A

【語篇解讀】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了編輯基礎(chǔ)課程的相關(guān)信息、課程內(nèi)容及價(jià)格。

【詳情解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Traintheimportantskillsmoderneditorsusetoevaluateand

enhancewritingforclarity,precisionandaccuracy.（培訓(xùn)現(xiàn)代編輯評(píng)估和提高寫作清晰度、精確性和準(zhǔn)確性的重

要技能）“及第二段"Inthiscourse,studentswilllearnhowaneditorapproachesasubmittedpiece,goingbeyond

sentence-levelerrorandlookingatthebigpicturearoundaccuracy,styleandorganization^在這門課程中,學(xué)生將

學(xué)習(xí)編輯如何處理投稿的文章，超越句子級(jí)別的錯(cuò)誤，從準(zhǔn)確性、風(fēng)格和組織的角度看問題）”可知，本文介

紹了一門基礎(chǔ)編輯課程。C選項(xiàng)“編輯基礎(chǔ)”最有可能是該課程名稱。故選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CourseHighlights中關(guān)鍵句"Assessarticlesaswellasquestionandcoachtheauthorstoget

thebestpiecepossible.（評(píng)估文章，并提問和指導(dǎo)作者盡可能獲得最好的文章）”可知，在這門課程中，學(xué)生們

會(huì)幫助作者改進(jìn)他們的文章。故選B。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Price中關(guān)鍵句"DayProgram（Studentscommutetoclasseveryday）:$5,500（日間項(xiàng)目（學(xué)

生每天通勤去上課）：5500美元）"及"Graduatingseniorscanhavea$400discountifapplyingbeforeMay

2,2024.（如果在2024年5月2日前申請(qǐng)，應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生可以獲得400美元的折扣）”可知，一個(gè)應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生在2024

年4月30日去申請(qǐng)日間項(xiàng)目，需要花費(fèi)5500-400美元，即5100美元。故選A。

?。1@。?I

原句

"Inthiscourse,studentswilllearnhowaneditorapproachesasubmittedpiece,goingbeyondsentence-level

errorandlookingatthebigpicturearoundaccuracy,styleandorganization.n

譯文

在這門課程中，學(xué)生將學(xué)習(xí)編輯如何處理提交的文章，超越句子層面的錯(cuò)誤，關(guān)注準(zhǔn)確性、風(fēng)格和組織

等大局。

分析

這是一個(gè)由逗號(hào)連接的復(fù)合句。

主句：studentswilllearnhowaneditorapproachesasubmittedpiece,

I

+--[主語：students]

+--[謂語:willlearn]

+--[賓語從句：howaneditorapproachesasubmittedpiece]

補(bǔ)充說明：goingbeyondsentence-levelerrorandlookingatthebigpicturearoundaccuracy,styleand

organization.

I

+--[現(xiàn)在分詞短語：goingbeyondsentence-levelerrorandlookingatthebigpicturearoundaccuracy,

styleandorganization]

I

+—[并歹（J結(jié)構(gòu)：goingbeyondsentence-levelerrorandlookingatthebigpicturearound

accuracy,styleandorganization]

1.evaluate/ivaeljueit/v.評(píng)估2.enhance/inhaens/v.提高

3.accuracy/sekjsrssi/n.準(zhǔn)確性4.insights/insalts/n.洞察力

5.dynamic/dainsemik/adj.動(dòng)態(tài)的6.proficient/proftjnt/adj.熟練的

7.curating/kjoreitiq/v.策戈8.relevant/relevant/adj.相關(guān)的

9.optimal/'a:ptim91/adj.最優(yōu)的10.publication/pAblikeijn/n.出版物

（二）

（2024?重慶?模擬預(yù)測(cè)）AtCountrysideHighSchoolinClearwater,Fla.,16-year-oldSageWaiteisalready

takingaclassincybersecurity,andshe'dwelcomeonethat'sintheworksoncyberdisinformation.

“Forthelongesttime,Ididn'tactuallyknowwhatdisinformationwas,“saidWaite,who'sinthe11thgrade.

“Therewasalwaystheideathatthingscouldbewronginwhatyou'rehearingandwhatyou'rebeingtold.Butthe

ideaofmisinformationanddisinformationwasn'tinmyday-to-day.9,Thispastyear,shesays,hasbeenan

eye-opener.C4MyfriendsandIdefinitelystartedlookingintostuffmoreanddoingmoreresearchafterthat,“she

said.

Anewprogramon“digitalliteracy,withafocusontopicslikedisinformation,isinthepipeline,thanksin

parttoMikeMcConnell,whoisnowworkingtofightfalseinformationaimedatyoungpeople."Weneedto

understandthissowecanappreciatewhafshappeningtous,andbeabletonotonlyunderstandit,butalsoto

navigatethroughit,“McConnellsaid."That'swhatIcalldigitalliteracy.^^

McConnellisexecutivedirectorofCyberFlorida,whichisbasedattheUniversityofSouthFloridain

Tampa.Thegroupworkswithkidsthroughoutthestateatuniversities,highschools,andeventhoseinyounger

grades.CyberFloridahelpedsetupthecybersecurityprogramnowbeingtaughtatmanyFloridaschools.Thenew

project,CyberCitizenship,isevenmoreambitious.C4WethinkifwecandothisforFlorida,wecanspreaditacross

thenation,hesaid.

TheexpandedprogramnowintheworksaimstomakedigitalliteracysomethingallFloridastudentsget,at

severalgradelevels,beforetheyfinishhighschool.

There5snodateyetforthecyberdisinformationclassesinFlorida,butcomputerteacherJasonFeltsaysit

can'tcomesoonenoughandheisreadytoembraceit.

“TheInternetisawonderfultool.It'sconnectedusinawaythafsneverreallybeenseenbefore.Butifsa

blessingandit'salsoacurse.^^

Teachingstudentsthedifference,hesays,isahugechallenge.

4.WhatcanwelearnabouttheclassthatSageWaiteistakingfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Itreceivesacoldwelcome.B.Itaimstoformabond.

C.Itfocusesontechnologies.D.Ithasapositiveimpact.

5.WhatisdigitalliteracyaccordingtoMeConnell?

A.Thespecificstrategiesforprotectingprivacy.B.Theinborncapacitytotrackfakeinformation.

C.Thegeneralskillsofmaintainingcybersecurity.D.Theoverallabilitytohandleonlineinformation.

6.WhatisthevisionofCyberCitizenship?

A.TooutperformCybersecuritiy.B.Totaketheleadintheworld.

C.Toreachawiderrangeofstudents.D.Tomakeasubstantialprofit.

7.WhatisJasonFelfsattitudetowardsthecyberdisinformationclasses?

A.Welcoming.B.Unclear.C.Opposed.D.Prejudiced.

【答案速查】4.D5.D6.C7.A

【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。本文講述了MikeMcConnell開展數(shù)字素養(yǎng)課程項(xiàng)目。

【詳情解析】4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"AtCountrysideHighSchoolinClearwater,Fla.,16-year-oldSage

Waiteisalreadytakingaclassincybersecurity,andshe'dwelcomeonethafsintheworksoncyber

disinformation.”（在佛羅里達(dá)州克利爾沃特的鄉(xiāng)村高中，16歲的SageWaite已經(jīng)在上網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全課程，她很歡

迎正在學(xué)習(xí)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)虛假信息課程。）及第二段中的“Thispastyear,shesays,hasbeenaneye-opener.a4Myfriends

andIdefinitelystartedlookingintostuffmoreanddoingmoreresearchafterthat,“shesaid.^^（她說，過去的一年讓

人大開眼界。她說：“我和我的朋友們肯定開始更多地研究這些東西，并在那之后做更多的研究。”）可知，

這門課讓她開了眼界，并產(chǎn)生了一些積極影響，故選D項(xiàng)。

5.推理判斷題。從第三段“"Weneedtounderstandthissowecanappreciatewhat'shappeningtous,andbeable

tonotonlyunderstandit,butalsotonavigatethroughit,“McConnellsaid."That'swhatIcalldigital

literacy.55-（McConnell說：“我們需要理解這一點(diǎn)，這樣我們才能理解發(fā)生在我們身上的事情，不僅能夠理

解它，而且能夠駕馭它,”“這就是我所說的數(shù)字素養(yǎng)。”）可知，數(shù)字素養(yǎng)是對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息的綜合處理能力。故選

D項(xiàng)。

6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第四段“Thenewproject,CyberCitizenship,isevenmoreambitious.11Wethinkifwecando

thisforFlorida,wecanspreaditacrossthenation,^^hesaid.,5（新項(xiàng)目"網(wǎng)絡(luò)公民”更具雄心。他說：“我們認(rèn)為，

如果我們能為佛羅里達(dá)州做到這一點(diǎn)，我們就能將其傳播到全國?！保┛芍?，這個(gè)新的項(xiàng)目構(gòu)想是推廣到全

國的學(xué)校。故選C項(xiàng)。

7.推理判斷題。從倒數(shù)第三段“There'snodateyetforthecyberdisinformationclassesinFlorida,butcomputer

teacherJasonFeltsaysitcan'tcomesoonenoughandheisreadytoembraceit..”（佛羅里達(dá)州的網(wǎng)絡(luò)虛假信息課

程還沒有日期，但計(jì)算機(jī)老師JasonFelt表示，這還不夠快，他已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好接受它。）可知，JasonFelt對(duì)這

個(gè)課程很期待。故選A項(xiàng)。

原句

“There'snodateyetforthecyberdisinformationclassesinFlorida,butcomputerteacherJasonFeltsaysit

can'tcomesoonenoughandheisreadytoembraceit.”

譯文

佛羅里達(dá)州的網(wǎng)絡(luò)虛假信息課程尚未確定日期，但計(jì)算機(jī)教師杰森?費(fèi)爾特說，他希望課程盡快開始，

并且他已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好接受這項(xiàng)課程。

分析

主句1:There?snodateyetforthecyberdisinformationclassesinFlorida,

連接詞:but

主句2:computerteacherJasonFeltsaysitcan'tcomesoonenoughandheisreadytoembraceit.

I

+--[主句：computerteacherJasonFeltsays]

I

+--[主語：computerteacherJasonFelt]

+--[謂語:says]

賓語從句1:itcan'tcomesoonenough

賓語從句2:andheisreadytoembraceit

聞團(tuán)畫I凰

1.cybersecurity/.saibsrsi'kjonti/n.網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全2.disinformation/^isinfbr'meVbn/n.虛彳發(fā)信息

3.misinformation/misinfbr'meifbn/n.錯(cuò)誤信息4.eye-opener/'ai.ouponor/n.使人大開眼界的事物

5.digitalliteracy/'did31tnl'litonsi/n.數(shù)字素養(yǎng)6.pipeline/'paip.lain/n.管道；籌劃中

7.ambitious/?mbijbs/adj.雄心勃勃的8.navigate/'n2evi.geit/v.導(dǎo)航；應(yīng)對(duì)

9.embrace/im'breis/v.擁抱；接受lO.curse/k3：rs/n.詛咒；禍害

（三）

（2024?遼寧?模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Whatisabarrier?Itusuallyreferstoanobstacleoradifficultythatpreventsyou

fromachievingsomething.Whetheritwasinyourpast,oryou'representlyfacingone,youhavetoresolveit.

Whilemanypeopleavoidbarriers,denytheirexistenceorletbarrierscontrolthemselves,whatstandyoutakeon

barrierswilldefinetheoutcomeofwhetheryourisefromthechallenge,orremainstuckinit.Herearesomemore

greatthingstoloveaboutbarriers.

Firstofall,barriersgiveyoumotivations.Sometimesbarrierscanresetyourgoals.Youmightbefacedwith

setbacksordifficulties,you'reforcedtore-think,andre-examineyourpath.Youmayendupfocusingon

somethingnewandexciting.Or,youmayconcentrateonsomethingthatyouotherwisewouldn'thaveifnotforthe

particularsetback.Byhavingtoovercomeanobstacle,you'llbefulfillingapurpose,ratherthanjustgoingthrough

themotions.

Also,barriersprepareyoufbrtheunexpected.Theyserveasguidesforwheretogonext.Eventhough

barrierscanbringoutmanynegativeemotionsinus,suchasfrustration,anger,orsadness,ifsimportanttorealize

thattheydon'tstopyoufromreachingyourintendedgoals.Instead,they,inaway,giveyoutimetostopandthink

ifperhapsthereisanewandbetterpathtotakeandwhatyoucanprepareforwhatwillhappenalongtheway.

Barriersshiftyourperspective.

Barriers,moreoftenthannot,areunavoidable.Lifewillneverstopthrowingyounewbarriers.So,thebest

thingtodoisknowhowtobetterseeandapproachtheseobstacles,andtransformthemintoopportunitiesfor

self-improvement.Themoreyou'reabletoseebarriersasbeinganadvantagetoyourlife,thebetteryou'llbeat

managingthem.

Itwillberewardingtoacceptbarriers,whichwillmakeyouconstantlychangeandadapttonewsituations,

thusallowingyoutogrowintoabetterversionofyourself.

8.Whatisthedeterminingfactoroftheoutcomewhenfacingbarriers?

A.Yourspecificgoals.B.Yourownattitude.

C.Yourdiversepreparations.D.Yourstrongwillpower.

9.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutbarriers?

A.Theybringyoupositiveemotions.

B.Theypreventyoufromrealizingyourgoals.

C.Theyareavoidableifyoupreparefbrthemwell.

D.Theyenableyoutoviewthingsinadifferentway.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“approach“inparagraph4mean?

A.Tocopewith.B.Togoover.

C.Tocomeneartosb.D.Tospeaktosbaboutsth.

11.What'sthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Lifeisalwaysthrowingusbarriers.B?Barriersaredouble-edgedswords.

C.Embracingbarriersbenefitsalot.D.Meetingbarriersisactuallyavoidable.

【答案速查】8.B9.D10.A11.C

【語篇解讀】這是一篇議論文。主要論述了是什么是障礙以及障礙會(huì)給你帶來的好處。接受障礙是有益的，

這會(huì)讓你不斷改變和適應(yīng)新的情況，從而讓你成長為一個(gè)更好的自己。

【詳情解析】8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Whilemanypeopleavoidbarriers,denytheirexistenceorletbarriers

controlthemselves,whatstandyoutakeonbarrierswilldefinetheoutcomeofwhetheryourisefromthechallenge,

orremainstuckinit."（當(dāng)許多人回避障礙，否認(rèn)它們的存在或讓障礙控制自己時(shí)，你對(duì)障礙的立場(chǎng)將決定你

是從挑戰(zhàn)中崛起，還是陷入困境。）以及倒數(shù)第二段中“So,thebestthingtodoisknowhowtobetterseeand

approachtheseobstacles,andtransformthemintoopportunitiesforsei仔improvement.Themoreyou'reabletosee

barriersasbeinganadvantagetoyourlife,thebetteryou'llbeatmanagingthem.^^（所以，最好的辦法就是矢口道

如何更好地看待和處理這些障礙，并將它們轉(zhuǎn)化為自我提升的機(jī)會(huì)。你越能把障礙看作是你生活中的優(yōu)勢(shì)，

你就越能更好地處理它們。）可推知，當(dāng)面對(duì)障礙時(shí)，決定結(jié)果的因素是你自己的態(tài)度。故選B項(xiàng)。

9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Youmightbefacedwithsetbacksordifficulties,you'reforcedtore-think,and

re-examineyourpath."（你可能會(huì)遇到挫折或困難，你被迫重新思考，重新審視你的道路。）以及第三段中

“Instead,they,inaway,giveyoutimetostopandthinkifperhapsthereisanewandbetterpathtotakeandwhat

youcanprepareforwhatwillhappenalongtheway."（相反，在某種程度上，它們會(huì)給你時(shí)間停下來思考是否

有一條新的更好的道路可以走，以及你可以為沿途發(fā)生的事情做些什么準(zhǔn)備。）可知，關(guān)于障礙，“它們能

讓你以不同的方式看待事物”這個(gè)陳述是正確的。故選D項(xiàng)。

10.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中“Lifewillneverstopthrowingyounewbarriers.^^（生活永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)停止給你設(shè)置

新的障礙。）以及劃線單詞句中“andtransformthemintoopportunitiesforself-improvement.”（并將它們轉(zhuǎn)化

為自我提升的機(jī)會(huì)。）由此可知，此處為：所以，最好的辦法就是知道如何更好地看待和處理這些障礙。

故可此處劃線單詞approach為“處理”的意思，結(jié)合A選項(xiàng)中的Tocopewith"應(yīng)付，處理”意思一致。故選A

項(xiàng)。

11.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章大意以及最后一段"Itwillberewardingtoacceptbarriers,whichwillmakeyou

constantlychangeandadapttonewsituations,thusallowingyoutogrowintoabetterversionofyourself.”（接受障

礙是有益的，這會(huì)讓你不斷改變和適應(yīng)新的情況，從而讓你成長為一個(gè)更好的自己。）可知，文章主要講

的是什么是障礙以及障礙會(huì)給你帶來的好處。接受障礙是有益的，這會(huì)讓你不斷改變和適應(yīng)新的情況，從

而讓你成長為一個(gè)更好的自己。由此可知，這篇文章的主旨是“擁抱障礙會(huì)帶來很多好處”。故選C項(xiàng)。

原句

“Itwillberewardingtoacceptbarriers,whichwillmakeyouconstantlychangeandadapttonewsituations,

thusallowingyoutogrowintoabetterversionofyourself.n

譯文

接受障礙將是有益的，這將使你不斷地改變和適應(yīng)新的情況，從而讓你成長為更好的自己。

分析

這是一個(gè)復(fù)雜句，由主句、定語從句和分詞短語組成。

主句：Itwillberewardingtoacceptbarriers,

定語從句：whichwillmakeyouconstantlychangeandadapttonewsituations,

I

+--[先行詞:barriers]

+--[謂語:willmake]

+--[賓語:you]

+--濱語補(bǔ)足語：constantlychangeandadapttonewsituations]

I

+--[并列結(jié)構(gòu):changeandadapt]

+-[狀語：constantly]

十一[狀語：tonewsituations]

分詞短語：thusallowingyoutogrowintoabetterversionofyourself.

1.barrier/'bserisr/n.障礙2.obstacle/'a:bst9kl/n.障礙

3.resolve/nza:lv/v.解決4.deny/di'nai/v.否認(rèn)

5.outcome/'autkAm/n.結(jié)果6.motivation/^outi'veijh/n.動(dòng)力

7.setback/sEtbaek/n.挫折8.fulfilling/fol'filig/adj.令人滿足的

9.perspective/psr'spektiv/n.觀點(diǎn)lO.transform/trsensfb:rm/v.轉(zhuǎn)變

（四）

（2024?重慶?模擬預(yù)測(cè)）CharlesDarwinfoundinspirationforhistheoryofevolutioninbirds*beaks,giant

tortoiseshells-andlanguage.t6Thesurvivalorpreservationofcertainfavoredwordsinthestrugglefbrexistence

isnaturalselection,hewroteinTheDescentofManin1871.

Languagegraduallyshiftsovertime.Muchresearchexamineshowsocialandenvironmentalfactors

influencelanguagechange,butverylittlewrestleswiththeforcesofhumancognitive（selectionthatfixcertain

wordsintothevocabulary.Foranextensivenewstudy,publishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyof

SciencesUSA,scientistsinvestigatedjustthat.

Thescientistscarriedouttwoexperimentsandtheresultscombinetoshowthreepropertiesthatgivewords

an"'evolutionaryadvantage^^byhelpingthemstickinthebrain:First,wordstypicallyacquiredatanearlyagesuch

as"hand"or"today")arestabler.Next,concretewordslingerbetterthanabstractones:"dog"lastslongerthan

“animal,“whichlastslongerthan“organism."Lastly,emotionallyexcitingwords——whethernegativeorpositive

一tendtolast.

Earlylanguage-evolutionmodelsassumedthatlanguagebecomesincreasinglycomplexovertime.Butthis

newstudysupportsamorerecenttheorythatlanguageultimatelygetsmoreefficientandeasiertounderstand.

Still,asthestudynotes,“theEnglishlanguageisnotbabytalk."Oneresearcherexplains:64Yes,weshifttoward

simplelanguage,butthenwealsograbcomplexlanguagethatweneed.^^Newwordsthataddressthecomplexityof

modemlifemaysomewhatbalanceoutthisshift.

Theproposedtrendtoward“simpler“l(fā)anguageiscontroversial.ColumbiaUniversitylinguistJohn

MeWhortermoreorlessagreeswiththestudy*sresultsaboutevolutionaryadvantageswithinlanguage.He

questions,however,implicationsregardingtheoverallefficiencyofEnglish-alanguagehesayscontainsthings

like""needlesslycomplex^^grammaticaltraces.

StudyleadauthorYingLi,apsychologistattheChineseAcademyofSciencesandanon-nativeEnglish

speaker,notesthatEnglishhadevenmorepuzzlinggrammarinthepast.MeWhorter,Lisupposes,“would

complainmoreifhetraveledback800yearsago.”

12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inthesecondparagraphreferto?

A.TheoriginofcertainfavoredwordsB.Thesocialinfluenceonlanguageformation.

C.Thecognitivecontroloverlanguageevolution.D.Theenvironmentalfactorinlanguagedecline.

13.Whichgroupmaylastlongestaccordingtothe''evolutionaryadvantage”?

A.Mother;cup;happy.B.Hope;trend;realism.

C.Metal;plastic;virus.D.Tax;smog;anxious.

14.Whichstatementisconsistentwiththefindingsofthenewstudy?

A.ItgetshardertocommunicateinEnglish.

B.Newwordstendtobeshorterandsimpler.

C.ThecomplexityofEnglishhasbeentotallylost.

D.TheefficiencyofEnglishimprovesasitevolves.

15.HowdoesYingLirespondtoJohnMeWhortefsquestioning?

A.Liprovidesextradata.B.Limakesanassumption.

C.Liconsultsahistoricalauthority.D.Lisuggestsasolution.

【答案速查】12.C13.A14.D15.B

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于語言進(jìn)化的研究?？茖W(xué)家通過實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，某些詞匯在人

類認(rèn)知選擇中具有“進(jìn)化優(yōu)勢(shì)”，從而更容易被記住和使用。

【詳情解析】12.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段“Muchresearchexamineshowsocialandenvironmentalfactors

influencelanguagechange,butverylittlewrestleswiththeforcesofhumancognitive（認(rèn)矢口的）selectionthatfix

certainwordsintothevocabulary.Foranextensivenewstudy,publishedintheProceedingsoftheNational

AcademyofSciencesUSA,scientistsinvestigatedjustthat（許多研究都在探討社會(huì)和環(huán)境因素如何影響語言變

化，但很少有人深入研究人類認(rèn)知選擇的力量，這種力量將某些詞匯固定在詞匯表中。一項(xiàng)廣泛的新研究

發(fā)表在《美國國家科學(xué)院院刊》上，科學(xué)家們正是對(duì)此進(jìn)行了調(diào)查）”可知以前的研究是關(guān)于社會(huì)和環(huán)境對(duì)語

言變化的影響，而這個(gè)研究填補(bǔ)的空白是人類認(rèn)知對(duì)語言發(fā)展的作用力。所以第二段劃線詞指代的是人類

認(rèn)知對(duì)語言發(fā)展的作用力，故選C。

13.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“First,wordstypicallyacquiredatanearlyage（suchas"hand5or"today9）arestabler.

Next,concretewordslingerbetterthanabstractones:'dog'lastslongerthan'animal/whichlastslongerthan

（organism.?Lastly,emotionallyexcitingwords-whethernegativeorpositive——tendtolast.（首先，通常在JL童早

期習(xí)得的詞匯（如“手”或“今天”）更為穩(wěn)定。其次，具體的詞匯比抽象的詞匯更持久：“狗”的持續(xù)時(shí)間比“動(dòng)

物”長，而“動(dòng)物”的持續(xù)時(shí)間又比“生物”長。最后，無論是消極還是積極的情感激動(dòng)詞，往往都會(huì)持續(xù)存

在）”可知，生命早期較之后期習(xí)得的詞匯，具體的詞匯較之抽象的詞匯，以及與情緒相關(guān)的詞匯在人的頭腦

中持續(xù)得較久。綜合比較而言A選項(xiàng)詞匯Mother,cup,happy都屬于生命早期習(xí)得的詞匯，mother,cup是具

體詞匯，happy是情緒相關(guān)的詞匯，所以A項(xiàng)詞匯有可能持續(xù)時(shí)間最長，故選A。

14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段"Butthisnewstudysupportsamorerecenttheorythatlanguageultimatelygetsmore

efficientandeasiertounderstand.Still,asthestudynotes,4theEnglishlanguageisnotbabytalk5.Oneresearcher

explains:'Yes,weshifttowardsimplelanguage,butthenwealsograbcomplexlanguagethatweneed.5New

wordsthataddressthecomplexityofmodemlifemaysomewhatbalanceoutthisshift（但這項(xiàng)新研究支持了一個(gè)

較新的理論，即語言最終會(huì)變得更加高效和易于理解。然而，正如研究指出的那樣，“英語不是嬰兒語言”。

一位研究人員解釋說：“是的，我們轉(zhuǎn)向簡單的語言，但隨后我們也會(huì)使用我們需要的復(fù)雜語言?！庇脕砻枋?/p>

現(xiàn)代生活復(fù)雜性的新詞可能會(huì)在一定程度上平衡這種轉(zhuǎn)變）”可知，英語總體變得越來越有效率和愈來愈簡

單，并非新詞匯變得越來越短，也并沒有完全失去復(fù)雜性。故選D。

15.細(xì)節(jié)理解題o根據(jù)最后——段“StudyleadauthorYingLi,apsychologistattheChineseAcademyofSciences

andanon-nativeEnglishspeaker,notesthatEnglishhadevenmorepuzzlinggrammarinthepast.MeWhorter,Li

supposes,tawouldcomplainmoreifhetraveledback800yearsago（該研究的主要作者、中國科學(xué)院心理學(xué)家兼

非英語母語者李穎指出，英語過去的語法甚至更令人困惑。李穎推測(cè)，如果梅沃特回到800年前，他“會(huì)抱

怨得更多"。）”可知，李穎使用了一種假設(shè)的方法回應(yīng)梅沃特的質(zhì)疑，故選B。

??;@。?

原句

"Butthisnewstudysupportsamorerecenttheorythatlanguageultimatelygetsmoreefficientandeasierto

understand.Still,asthestudynotes,"theEnglishlanguageisnotbabytalk'.”

譯文

但這項(xiàng)新的研究支持了一個(gè)更近期的理論，即語言最終變得更有效率，更容易理解。盡管如此，正如研

究所指出的，“英語并不是幼兒語言”。

分析

But［主句：thisnewstudysupportsamorerecenttheorythatlanguageultimatelygetsmoreefficientandeasier

tounderstan