2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語Unit4AstronomythescienceofthestarsSectionⅣUsingLanguage學(xué)案含解析新人教版必修3

PAGEUnit4AstronomythescienceofthestarsAVISITTOTHEMOON①LastmonthIwasluckyenoughtohaveachancetomakeatrip②intospacewithmyfriendLiYanping，anastronomer.Wevisitedthemooninourspaceship！月球之旅我的摯友李彥平是一位天文學(xué)家，上個(gè)月我有幸得到一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)同他一起去太空旅行。我們乘宇宙飛船參觀了月球！[助讀講解]①名詞visit后接to，意為“到……的旅行”，to為介詞。②haveachancetodosth.有機(jī)會(huì)做某事。Beforeweleft，LiYanpingexplainedtomethattheforceofgravity(萬有引力)wouldchangethreetimesonourjourneyandthatthefirstchangewouldbethemostpowerful③.Thenwewereoff④.Astherocketroseintotheair，wewerepushedbackintoourseatsbecauseweweretryingtoescapethepull[拉(力)]oftheearth'sgravity.Itwassohardthatwecouldnotsayanythingtoeachother.GraduallytheweightlessenedandIwasabletotalktohim.“Whyisthespaceshipnotfallingbacktotheearth?OntheearthifIfallfromatreeIwillfalltotheground.”Iasked.“Wearetoofarfromtheearthnowtofeelitspull，”heexplained，“sowefeelasifthereisnogravityatall.Whenwegetclosertothemoon，weshallfeelitsgravitypullingus，butitwillnotbeasstrongapullastheearth's.”Icheeredupimmediatelyandfloated(漂移)weightlessly(失重地)aroundinourspaceshipcabin(船艙)watchingtheearthbecomesmallerandthemoonlarger⑤．在啟程以前，李彥平向我說明說，在我們的航行中會(huì)有三次引力的變更，而第一次的變更將是最強(qiáng)的。隨后我們就啟航了。隨著火箭的升空，由于我們?cè)谂[脫地球的引力，我們被向后推在座位上。這種引力太強(qiáng)了，以至于我們彼此間都不能說話了。隨后，這個(gè)力氣漸漸減小，我才能夠同他講話。我問道：“為什么太空船不會(huì)向后朝地球的方向落下去呢？在地球上的時(shí)候，假如我從樹上掉下來，總會(huì)朝地上落下去的。”李彥平說明說：“現(xiàn)在我們離地球太遠(yuǎn)了，感覺不到地球的拉力，所以我們感覺似乎沒有地球引力了。當(dāng)我們更接近月球時(shí)，就會(huì)感到月球的引力在拉我們。但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大?！蔽荫R上感到很興奮，由于失重我在太空艙里飄來飄去，我望著(身后的)地球越來越小，而(前方的)月球越來越大。[助讀講解]③explainsth.tosb.“向某人說明某事”。本句中explain的賓語是兩個(gè)that從句。④beoff離開，起飛。⑤watching...為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。Whenwegotthere，Iwantedtoexploreimmediately.“Comeon，”Isaid.“Ifyouareright，myweightwillbelessthanontheearthbecausethemoonissmallerandIwillbeabletomovemorefreely.ImightevengrowtallerifIstayherelongenough.Ishallcertainlyweighless！”Ilaughedandclimbeddownthestepsfromthespaceship.ButwhenItriedtostepforward，IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.“Ohdear，”Icried，“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged⑥.”AfterawhileIgotthehangof⑦itandwebegantoenjoyourselves.我們到達(dá)月球時(shí)，我就想馬上進(jìn)行探測(cè)。“來吧，”我說，“要是你講得對(duì)，我的重量就會(huì)比在地球上小，因?yàn)樵铝帘鹊厍蛐?，而我就能更自由地活?dòng)了。假如我在月球上待的時(shí)間足夠長(zhǎng)的話，我甚至可能長(zhǎng)得更高，我的體重確定也會(huì)變得更輕！”我笑著從飛船的梯級(jí)上爬下來。而當(dāng)我試著向前邁步的時(shí)候，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步伐的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。“天哪，”我大聲說，“重力變更了，看來走路也的確須要練一練了?！边^了一會(huì)兒，我才駕馭了走路的訣竅，這才起先感到自如了。[助讀講解]⑥動(dòng)名詞walking作主語，does為助動(dòng)詞，加強(qiáng)語氣，意為“的確”，后接動(dòng)詞原形。⑦getthehangof熟識(shí)，駕馭，理解。Leavingthemoon'sgravitywasnotaspainfulas⑧l(xiāng)eavingtheearth's.Butreturningtotheearthwasveryfrightening.Wewatched，amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth'sgravityincreased⑨.Againwewerepushedhardintoourseatsaswecamebacktoland.“Thatwasveryexhausting(使精疲力盡)butveryexcitingtoo，”Isaid.“NowIknowmuchmoreaboutgravity!Doyouthinkwecouldvisitsomestarsnexttime？”“Ofcourse，”hesmiled，“whichstarwouldyouliketogoto？”擺脫月球引力不像擺脫地球引力那樣苦痛。但是返回到地球的經(jīng)驗(yàn)卻是特別嚇人的。我們驚異地看著，隨著地球的引力增加，宇宙飛船的外層燃燒起火。當(dāng)我們回到地面時(shí)，我們又感到被重重地推倒在座位上。我說道：“真是精疲力竭了，但也很激烈人心。關(guān)于引力，我現(xiàn)在就懂得更多了。你認(rèn)為下次我們可以上星球上去參觀嗎？”“當(dāng)然可以”，他笑著說，“你想到哪顆星球上去呢？”[助讀講解]⑧aspainfulas...“像……一樣苦痛”。⑨asfire...和astheearth's...都是狀語從句。第一步速讀——了解文章主題和段落大意Ⅰ.速讀P30－31教材課文，選擇最佳答案/匹配段落大意1．Thepassagemainlytalksabout．A．whatthemoonisB．myvisittothemoonC．thedifferencebetweentheearthandthemoonD．LiYanping，myfriend，whoisanastronomer[答案]B2．Para.1 A．Wevisitedthemooninour spaceship!3．Para.2 B．Whenwegotthere，Iwantedto exploreimmediately.4．Para.3 C．Butreturningtotheearthwas veryfrightening.5．Para.4 D．Beforeweleft，LiYanping explainedtome...themostpowerful.[答案]2－5ADBC其次步細(xì)讀——把控文章關(guān)鍵信息細(xì)讀P30－31教材課文，選擇最佳答案1．Whenweweregoingup，wefelt．A．wewerepressedagainstourseatsB．wewerelighterthanweareontheearthC．a(chǎn)sifwewereflyingD．therocketwasshakingstrongly2．Whycan'tthespaceshipfallbacktotheearth?A．Becausethemoon'sgravitypullsitup.B．Becauseitistoofarawayfromtheearth.C．Becausetheearthhasnogravity.D．Becausethespaceshipisnotveryheavy.3．WhenIwasonthemoon，IfeltIwasthanIamontheearth.A．slower B．heavierC．cleverer D．lighter4．Ifababyisgrowingonthemoon，whenhegrowsup，hewillgrowthanheisontheearth.A．taller B．shorterC．fatter D．thinner[答案]1－4ABDA第三步研讀——實(shí)力升華，接軌高考依據(jù)P30－31教材課文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式Lastmonth，LiYanpingandImadeatriptothemoon1.inaspaceship.Litoldmethatthegravityforcewouldchangethreetimes.First，2.whenweescapedthepulloftheearth'sgravity，wewere3.pushed(push)backintoourseats.Closertothemoon，therewas4.less(little)gravity.I5.cheered(cheer)upimmediatelyandfloated6.weightlessly(weight)aroundinourspaceshipcabin.Onthemoon，myweightwaslessthanontheearth.Walking7.did(do)needabitofpracticenowthatgravityhadchanged.AfterawhileIgotthehang8.ofitandwebegantoenjoy9.ourselves(our)．Butreturningtotheearthwasvery10.frightening(frighten)．Wewatched，amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceship.Ⅰ.單詞拼法依據(jù)漢語或首字母提示，寫出下列單詞1．Don'tpull(拉)sohardorthehandlewillgooff.2．Manypeopledon'tliketheclimate(氣候)there.3．Thegentle(溫順的)smileonherfacerelaxesus.4．Asisknowntoall，smokingisharmfultoourhealth.5．Thesmellofnewbreadfloatedintheair.Ifelthungry.6．Thecarwentoutofcontrolandcrashedintothebackofabus.Ⅱ.拓展詞匯依據(jù)詞性和漢語提示，寫出下列單詞1．gentleadj.溫順的；文靜的→gentlyadv.溫順地2．physicsn．物理學(xué)→physicaladj.物理的；物理學(xué)的；體力的→physicistn．物理學(xué)家3．extinctadj.滅亡的；絕種的→extinctionn．滅亡；絕種Ⅲ.補(bǔ)全短語依據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全下列短語1．blockout 攔住(光線)2．cheerup 感到興奮；感到激昂3．getthehangof 駕馭4．breakout 突發(fā)，爆發(fā)5．watchoutfor 當(dāng)心，提防Ⅳ.選詞填空選用上述短語的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Thatwallblocksoutallthelight.2．Abigfirebrokeoutinhishouseandhelosteverything.3．Cheerup！Wenearlyreachedthetopofthehill.背教材原句記句式結(jié)構(gòu)仿寫促落實(shí)1.Whenwegetclosertothemoon，weshallfeelitsgravitypullingus，butitwillnotbeasstrongapullastheearth's.當(dāng)我們更接近月球時(shí)，就會(huì)感到月球的引力在拉我們。但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as意為“像……一樣的……”。Pleasegivethemencouragementtoliveasrichandfullalifeasyoudo.請(qǐng)賜予他們激勵(lì)，讓他們和你們一樣過著豐富多彩又充溢的生活。2.“Ohdear，”Icried，“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.”“天哪，”我大聲說，“重力變更了，看來走路也的確須要練一練了。”nowthat既然，引導(dǎo)緣由狀語從句，口語中that可省略。Nowthatyouhavegrownup，youshouldnotrelyonyourparents.既然你長(zhǎng)大了，就不應(yīng)當(dāng)依靠你的父母了。pulln．&vt.拉(力)；拖；牽引力(教材P30)Astherocketroseintotheair，wewerepushedbackintoourseatsbecauseweweretryingtoescapethepulloftheearth'sgravity.隨著火箭的升空，由于我們?cè)谂[脫地球的引力，我們被向后推在座位上。pulldown 拆毀；拆掉(建筑物)pullin 進(jìn)站?？?；駛向路邊(或某處)?？縫ullout 拿出；取出；離站；(使)擺脫逆境pullup (使車)停住，停下①Theywrappedoneendofaropearoundtheblockandpulled.他們用繩子的一端綁住石頭然后拉。②Afterhewaitedfortwohours，thetrainfinallypulled(pull)in.他等了兩個(gè)小時(shí)后，火車最終進(jìn)站了。[巧學(xué)助記]對(duì)比記憶push/pull推push拉pullcheer(sb.)up感到興奮；感到激昂(教材P31)Icheeredupimmediatelyandfloatedweightlesslyaroundinourspaceshipcabinwatchingtheearthbecomesmallerandthemoonlarger.我馬上感到很興奮，由于失重我在太空艙里飄來飄去，我望著(身后的)地球越來越小，而(前方的)月球越來越大。(1)cheersb.on (賽跑競(jìng)賽中)以喝彩聲激勵(lì)某人； 為某人加油(2)cheerfuladj. 歡樂的；興奮的；興致勃勃的cheeringn. 歡呼，喝彩adj. 令人激昂的，令人興奮的cheersint. (用于祝酒)干杯；再見；感謝①Itriedtocheerherupbytellingherthegoodnews.我把這個(gè)好消息告知了她，想使她興奮起來。②Cathydidn'texpectanyawardbutwasstilltheretocheeronherfriends.凱西沒有期盼任何嘉獎(jiǎng)，但是照舊在那里為摯友們加油鼓勁。③Sheissocheerful(cheer)thateveryonelikesher.她是一個(gè)歡樂的女孩，每個(gè)人都喜愛她。[語境助記]Thecheeringnewsmadetheboycheerful，whichmadehisparentscheeruptoo.這個(gè)令人激昂的消息使得這個(gè)小男孩興奮起來，他的父母也感到興奮。[圖形助記]breakout(斗爭(zhēng)、火災(zāi)、疾病、爭(zhēng)吵等)突然發(fā)生；爆發(fā)(教材P31)Wewatched，amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth'sgravityincreased.我們驚異地看著，隨著地球的引力增加，宇宙飛船的外層燃燒起火。breakdown 出故障；失?。豢宓?；垮下來；分解breakin 破門而入；打斷(談話等)breakinto 強(qiáng)行闖入；突然……起來breakup 解散；打碎；驅(qū)散①TheSecondWorldWarbrokeoutinSeptember，1939.其次次世界大戰(zhàn)于1939年9月爆發(fā)。②Thethiefbrokeintomyhouseandstolemymoney.小偷破門而入我家，偷了我的錢。③ThecomputersystembrokedownsuddenlywhilehewassearchingforinformationontheInternet.他正在網(wǎng)上搜信息時(shí)電腦系統(tǒng)突然出故障了。watchoutfor親密留意；當(dāng)心；提防，留意Watchoutforthehaze；itmaydogreatharmtous.當(dāng)心這種霧霾天氣，它可能對(duì)我們?cè)斐珊艽蟮膿p害。(1)watchout 當(dāng)心；當(dāng)心watchover 照看；看管(2)lookout＝takecare＝becareful 留意，當(dāng)心①Ithinkyoushouldwatchoutforthatman—don'tbecheatedbyhim.我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)當(dāng)當(dāng)心那個(gè)人，別被他騙了。②Itwasmydutytowatchoverthechildren.照看那些孩子是我的職責(zé)。(教材P31)Whenwegetclosertothemoon，weshallfeelitsgravitypullingus，butitwillnotbeasstrongapullastheearth's．當(dāng)我們更接近月球時(shí)，就會(huì)感到月球的引力在拉我們。但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。asstrongapullastheearth's屬于“as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“像……一樣的……”，其中的名詞必需是可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，此結(jié)構(gòu)用于否定句中可用“notso/as...as...”結(jié)構(gòu)。as...as...結(jié)構(gòu)的詳細(xì)形式有：as/so＋形容詞＋a/an＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋as...像……一樣的……as/so＋形容詞/副詞原級(jí)＋as...像……一樣……eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(as/somuch＋不行數(shù)名詞＋as...,as/somany＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋as...))和……一樣多①Heissocleveraboyaseveryonelikes.他是一個(gè)人人都喜愛的聰慧孩子。②Hisbedroomisnotas/soneatashiseldersister's.他的臥房沒有他姐姐的整齊。③You'vemadeasmanymistakesasIhave.你犯的錯(cuò)誤和我犯的一樣多。(教材P31)“Ohdear，”Icried，“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.”“天哪，”我大聲說，“重力變更了，看來走路也的確須要練一練了?！?1)nowthat在意思和用法上同since，引導(dǎo)緣由狀語從句，口語中that可省略。(2)引導(dǎo)緣由狀語從句的連詞還有：since，because，as，considering(that)，seeingthat，inthat等。(3)引導(dǎo)緣由狀語的短語：dueto，thanksto，becauseof，asaresultof，owingto，onaccountof等。①Nowthateveryoneishere，let'sbeginourmeeting.既然大家都到齊了，我們就起先開會(huì)吧。②Sincetheprofessor'slectureisveryinteresting，whynotgoandattendit?既然教授的報(bào)告很好玩，為什么不參與呢？③Seeing(see)thatnobodywasathome，Ihadtoleave.由于沒人在家，