2018-2017屆中考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)《第10講任務(wù)型閱讀專題》講義

任務(wù)型閱讀;;【知識(shí)點(diǎn)睛】;題材：社會(huì)生活、人物傳記、科普、廣告、咨詢等,,,,題型：根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，設(shè)置判斷、選擇、填空、填表格、完成句子、回答問(wèn)題、找近義句、找主題句、概括主題、提出問(wèn)題、英譯漢、在文中的橫線上，填寫(xiě)一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~等題型。（河南的考察形式：選擇句子填入文中空缺處使短文完整。）從題型看，任務(wù)型閱讀不僅能考查學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力，還能考查學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言組織能力、單詞拼寫(xiě)能力、英漢互譯能力以及其他語(yǔ)言知識(shí)，較好地呼應(yīng)了新課標(biāo)所倡導(dǎo)的“任務(wù)型語(yǔ)言教學(xué)”模式。技巧：1.____________，____________答題前,認(rèn)真閱讀文章,掌握文章提供的信息內(nèi)容,同時(shí)要明確文章的中心思想，為答題做好準(zhǔn)備。2.____________，____________通讀全文后，再瀏覽問(wèn)題，從原文中找出能回答問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵信息。關(guān)鍵：1.____________，____________除了注意書(shū)寫(xiě)規(guī)范以外,還要確保表達(dá)的準(zhǔn)確性,要注意語(yǔ)態(tài)、時(shí)態(tài)和人稱等的變化。2.____________，____________完成任務(wù)后要把答案帶入原文，檢查所寫(xiě)的答案是否符合要求，發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題及時(shí)解決。河南任務(wù)型閱讀命題形式：河南任務(wù)型閱讀（D篇閱讀理解）的文體以說(shuō)明文為主，話題主要為咨詢建議和學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)，偶爾涉及人際交往。詞數(shù)為180-330，多為3-7段，生詞為0-3個(gè)，且均給出漢語(yǔ)意思。設(shè)題形式為還原句子型，且在文中均勻設(shè)空，首句和尾句的設(shè)空不超過(guò)1個(gè)。所給選項(xiàng)以單句為主，少量涉及復(fù)合句，如狀語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句，且詞數(shù)一般不超過(guò)15個(gè)。河南任務(wù)型閱讀做題步驟：第一步：快速閱讀文章，把握文段語(yǔ)脈，尋找主題句，理出文章中心大意。第二步：詳讀段落，明確各段的主題句或主旨大意。第三步：分析語(yǔ)段的內(nèi)部邏輯層次，定位選項(xiàng)；分析備選項(xiàng)，對(duì)應(yīng)上下文語(yǔ)境，確定選項(xiàng)。第四步：檢查核對(duì)。將所選答案帶入文中，再次通讀全文。

【精講精練】ATherearesomanyexpressionsinAmericanEnglishthatsoundpleasant(令人愉快的)butarenot.1_________Whensomeonesaystheyhaveto“facethemusic”,itdoesnotmeantheyaregoingtoaconcert.“Facingthemusic”meanstoacceptanddealwiththepunishmentofanaction.2_________Forexample,“Ican’tfaceanothernightofcamping!It’scoldandrainy”.Or“Inlife,youmustfaceyourfears”.Faceusedinthiswayisverycommon.Butnow,let’sgobacktofacingthemusic.Imagineafriendasksyoutotakecareofherbeautifulredsportscar.Shegivesyouthekeysandsays,“ThankssomuchforwatchingmycarwhileI’maway.Butplease,donotdriveit.Itisanextremely(極其)fastcar.3_________Youwanttoshowofftosomefriends.So,youdriveitaroundtownonenight.Asbadluckwouldhaveit,youlosecontrolofthecaranddriveitintoastopsign.Bang!Whenyourfriendreturnsyoumusttellherwhatyouhavedoneand“facethemusic”.4_________Itcouldbelosingherfriendshiporpayingforrepairstohersportscarorboth.Whateverthemusicis,youmustfaceit.5_________To“takeyourmedicine”meanstoaccepttheresultsfromsomethingbadyouhavedone.Andifsomeonesays,“Youmadeyourbed.Nowlieinit.”theymeanyoucreatedabadsituationandnowyouwillexperiencetheresults.根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容，從下面五個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入文中空缺處的最佳選項(xiàng)。使短文意思通順，內(nèi)容完整，并將其標(biāo)號(hào)填寫(xiě)在下面題后的橫線上。A.Butyoudonotlisten.B.“Facethemusic”isagoodexample.C.The“music”hereistheresultofyouractions.D.Americansoftenusetheword“face”inthisway.E.ThereareotherAmericanexpressionsthatmeanthesamethingas“Facethemusic”.1.___________2.____________3.____________4.____________5.____________

BEarthquakesusuallycomewithoutwarning.Whatshouldyoudoifthishappenstoyou?Anearthquakeisdangerous,buttherearestillthingsyoucandotoprotectyourself.? Staycalmastheearthbeginstoshake.Yourchancesofsurvival(幸存；存活)inanearthquakegoupifyoucankeepcalm.6_________.? 7._________Youneedtohavesomethingstrongaroundyoutoprotectyoufromfallingobjects.Donotstandnearwallsorwindowsandstayoutofthekitchen.Thekitchenisdangerousbecauseofmanyglassobjects.? 8._________Stayawayfrombuildingsandtrees.Ifyouareinacar,pullovertoaplacewheretherearenotreesortallbuildingsandstayinthecar.Ifyouareclosetothesea,trytogetasfarawayfromthewateraspossible.Earthquakescancausehugewavesthatcanreallyharmthepeoplenearby.? 9._________Forexample,gasfireoftencomeswithanearthquake.Ifyouseeafire,quicklymoveoutdoorstoanopenarea.Remembertoalwayshopeforthebestbutpreparefortheworst.閱讀以上短文，從下面四個(gè)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，使文意通順、正確；根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答第10小題。A.Ifyouareoutside,gettoanopenareaasfastasyoucan.B.Stayingcalmisnoteasy,butitcansaveyourlife.C.Ifyouareinsidewhentheearthquakestarts,getunderatableorabed.D.Whentheearthquakeisover,thereisstillplentyofdanger.6.___________7.____________8.____________9.____________Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Thewaystoprotectyourselfwhenanearthquakehappens.B.Thewaystostayawayfromtallbuildings.C.Thewaystostaycalm.D.Thewaystomoveoutdoorstoanopenarea.

CAmousewassurprisedtodiscoverthatthefarmerandhiswifehadamousetrap（老鼠夾）inthehouse.Itrantowarneveryone,“Thereisamousetrapinthehouse!”Ahenraisedhisheadandsaid,“Mr.Mouse,thismousetrapisonlyforyou.Iwon’tbeworriedaboutit.”Themouseturnedtoapig,“Iamsorry,Mr.Mouse,butthemousetraphasnothingtodowithme,either!”thepigsaid.Thenthemouseturnedtoacow,“Itsoundslikeyouhaveaproblem,notme.”thecowsaid.Themousereturnedtothehousewithheaddownanditwasverysadbecausenoonewouldhelp.Thatnightthefarmer’swifeheardaloudsoundandsherushedtoseewhatwascaught.Inthedarknessshecouldnotseethatitwasasnake.Thesnakebit（咬）thefarmer’swife.Thewifecaughtabadfeverandthefarmerfoundthebestwaytotreatafeverwaschickensoup.Sothefarmerkilledthehenforthesoup.Thewifegotworseandherfriendscametovisither.Thefarmerhadtokillthepigtofeedthem.Butthewifedidn’tgetbetteranddied.Herfriendscameandthefarmerhadtokillthecowtofeedallofthem.Sorememberwhenanyoneofusisintrouble,wemayallbeintrouble.11.Whywasthemouseverysad?（不超過(guò)5個(gè)詞）____________________________________________________________________________12.Whatwascaughtbythemousetrapthatnight?（不超過(guò)5個(gè)詞）____________________________________________________________________________13.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?（不超過(guò)15個(gè)詞）____________________________________________________________________________

DIschattingonyourmobilephoneboringwithoutcolorfulemojis(表情符號(hào))?Thosehappy,sadandlaughingfaceshelpustalk.Sowhatkindofemojidoesacountrylikemost?Ithassomethingtodowiththeenvironmentandcultureofdifferentcountries,accordingtoareportinTheAtlantic.Francelovesheartemojimorethananyothercountry.It’sreportedthat55%ofemojisitusesarehearts.ThisaddstoFrance’simage(形象)asaromanticcountry.AsforAmericans,weseemanyuserschoosefoodpictures.Americausestheburgerandchickenlegemojimoreoftenthanothercountries.Besides,anation’ssceneryandhistoryaffectitsemojiusage,too?AsitoftensnowsinRussia,peoplethereturntosnowemojimorethanthoseinanyothercountry.InChina,peoplelikeusingpandaemoji.AndAustraliausesmorerabbitemojithananywhereelse.Itoncebuiltthelongestfence(籬笆)intheworldtokeeprabbitsfromeatingtheirwaytoofarwest.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空,每空填一詞。14.The________emojiscanhelppeople________onthemobilephone.15.Franceloves________emojibest________Franceisaromanticcountry.16.Theenvironment,culture,aswellas________andsceneryofacountrycan________itsemojiusage.17.Itisoftenfor________tochooseemojioffood________theburgerandchickenleg.18.Australiaoncebuiltthe________fenceintheworldto________rabbitseatingtheirwaytoofarwest.

EDoyouoftenhelpthepeoplewhoareinneed?Oneday,twoboyswerewalkingalongtheroadtoschoolwhentheysawanoldwomancarryingalargebasketofpears.Theoldwomanlookedverytired.Theywentupandsaid,“Areyougoingtotown?Ifyouare,we’llhelpyoucarryyourbasket.”“Thankyou,”saidthewoman.“That’sverykindofyou.”Thenshetoldthemthatshewasgoingtothemarkettosellthepears.Sotheboysdecidedtoliftthebaskettogether.Theywalkedslowlywiththeheavybasket,buttheywerehappy.Theotherday,Isawalittlegirlpickupapieceofbananapeel(水果皮).Shethrewitintothedustbin(垃圾箱).“Ihopenobodywouldthrowthatonthestreet,”shesaid.“Someonemayslip(滑倒)andfall.”P(pán)erhapssomepeoplemaysaythatthesearenotgreatthings.That’sright.Butalmostallgreatthingsaremadeupofsuchsmallthings.Weshouldn’twaitforthetimetodogreatthings.Weshouldbeginwiththesethingsthatarefulloflove.19. Whatwastheoldwomancarrying?（根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題）____________________________________________________________________________20. Wherewerethetwoboysgoing?（根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題）____________________________________________________________________________21. Shouldwewaitforthetimetodogreatthings?（根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題）____________________________________________________________________________22.從短文中找出與下面句子畫(huà)線部分意思相同或相近的單詞。Butalmostallgreatthingsaremadeupofsuchsmallthings.____________________________________________________________________________23. Inthepassage,theunderlinedword“it”refersto__________________.

FA.GoldiedoesnotcareaboutbeautyorclothesB.Shelearnedtomakeamachinewiththeblocks（積木）C.YetgirlsappearfarlessinterestedinSTEMsubjectsD.TheyshouldalsoprovideagoodeducationE.ThefourareastogetherareknownasSTEMNotenoughAmericanstudentswanttobeengineers,mathematicians,orscientists.TheUSgovernmentwantstochangethat.ThegovernmentwillspendthreebilliondollarsontheeducationofyoungAmericansinscience,technology,engineering,andmath.(24)__________.ManyjobsintheSTEMfieldswillopeninthecomingyears.Thepurposeofthegovernment’sinvestment(投資)istoincreasethenumberofAmericanswhocantakethosejobs.(25)__________thanboys.Only25percentofSTEMstudentsaregirls.CamsieMcAdamsisattheUSEducationDepartment.ShesaysgirlssimplydonotfeelwelcomedinSTEMsubjects.DebbieSterlingisanengineer.Sheinventedatoyforgirls.Thenameofthetoyis“GoldieBlox”.Tointerestgirls,Sterlingcreatedthecharacter“Goldie”.(26)__________.Goldietellsstories,solvesdifficultproblem