寫(xiě)作詞匯-2015考研英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃資料文檔

寫(xiě)作核心詞匯

一、環(huán)境保護(hù)類

（一）環(huán)境保護(hù)

1.環(huán)境保護(hù)

環(huán)境保護(hù)environmentalprotection

提高環(huán)保意識(shí)enhanceenvironmentalawareness

保持生態(tài)平衡keepecologicalbalance

生態(tài)系統(tǒng)ecosystem

生態(tài)示范區(qū)environment-friendlyregion

生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)eco-agriculture

生態(tài)旅游ecotourism

自然保護(hù)區(qū)naturereserve

可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略sustainabledevelopmentstrategy

防風(fēng)防沙林windandsandbreaks

宜人活環(huán)境pleasantlivingenvironment

2.節(jié)能減排

節(jié)能（節(jié)約能源）saveenergy

減排（減少溫室氣體排放）reducetheemissionofgreenhousegases

降低資源消耗率slowdowntherateofresourcedegradation

環(huán)保產(chǎn)品environmental-friendlyproducts

全球變暖globalwarming

低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)lowcarboneconomy

清潔可再生能源cleanrenewableenergy

核能nuclearenergy

太陽(yáng)能solarenergy

大功率電器high-powerelectricalappliance

二氧化碳carbondioxide

氣候變化climatechange

（二）環(huán)境惡化

1.環(huán)境惡化

環(huán)境惡化environmentaldeterioration

亂砍濫伐deforestation

防止過(guò)度利用森林protectforestsfromoverexploitation

水土流失waterandsoilerosion

沙漠化desertification

人口增長(zhǎng)populationgrowth

野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)wildlifeprotection

瀕危物種endangeredspecies

野生物種widespecies

商業(yè)捕魚(yú)commercialfishing

過(guò)度捕撈overfishing

過(guò)度開(kāi)發(fā)recklessexploitation

2.自然災(zāi)害

自然災(zāi)害naturaldisasters

大災(zāi)難catastrophe

破壞性災(zāi)難性地震destructiveanddisastrousearthquake

沙塵暴sandstorm

沙丘sanddune/hill

旱災(zāi)drought

水災(zāi)flood

雪災(zāi)snowstorm

(三)環(huán)境污染

1.環(huán)境治理

污染者負(fù)擔(dān)的政策6<the-polluters-pay,9policy

執(zhí)法檢查lawenforcementinspection

限期治理undertaketreatmentwithinaprescribedlimitoftime

2.白色污染

白色污染whitepollution

限制使用一次性塑料袋limit/ban/prohibittheuseofdisposableplasticbags

可降解一次性塑料袋throwawaybiodegradableplasticbags

一次性筷子disposablechopsticks

3.垃圾處理

亂扔垃圾litter

垃圾分類garbageclassification

丟棄throw,discard

垃圾trash,rubbish,garbage

城市垃圾無(wú)害處理decontaminationofurbanrefuse

垃圾填埋場(chǎng)refuselandfill

三廢threetypesofwastes(wastewater,wastegas,solidwaste)

工業(yè)廢棄物industrialwaste

有毒廢物toxicwaste

綜合利用multipurposeuse

水資源保護(hù)區(qū)waterresourceconservationzone

污水處理sewagetreatment

集中處理廠centralizedtreatmentplant

再生水recycledwater

4.空《污染

空氣污染濃度airpollutionconcentration

汽車尾氣排放motorvehicleexhaust

尾氣凈化器exhaustpurifier

無(wú)鉛汽油lead-freegasoline

天然氣汽車gas-fueledvehicles

電動(dòng)汽車cell-drivenvehicles

小排量汽車small-enginevehicles

工業(yè)粉塵排放industrialdustdischarge

煙塵排放sootemissions

礦物燃料(煤、石油、天然氣)fossilfuels(coal,oilandnaturalgas)

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二、教育文化類

(一)教育

1.學(xué)位

學(xué)士bachelor'sdegree

碩士master'sdegree

博士doctor'sdegree

獲得學(xué)位acquiredegree

文科arts

理科science

文學(xué)碩士MasterofArts(M.A.)

理學(xué)碩士MasterofScience(M.S.)

工商管理碩士MasterofBusinessAdministration(MBA)

公共管理碩士MasterofPublicAdministration(MPA)

工程碩士MasterofEngineering(ME)

會(huì)計(jì)碩士MasterofProfessionalAccounting(MPAcc)

金融碩士MasterofScienceinFinance

2.學(xué)校

幼兒園nursery/kindergarten

〃、學(xué)primary/elementaryschool

中學(xué)middleschool

綜合性大學(xué)university

學(xué)院institute

高等教育highereducation

大學(xué)生college/universitystudents

大學(xué)畢業(yè)生college/universitygraduates

商學(xué)院businessschool

法學(xué)院lawschool

研究生院graduateschool

教授professor

全體教師faculty

系department

專業(yè)major

教學(xué)設(shè)施teachingfacilities

食堂dininghall

宿舍dormitory

選修課elective/optionalcourse

學(xué)雜費(fèi)tuitionfeesandotherexpenses

3.教育

終身教育life-longeducation

素質(zhì)教育educationforall-rounddevelopment

義務(wù)教育compulsoryeducation

應(yīng)試教育exam-orientededucation

成人教育adulteducation

理論知識(shí)theoreticalskills

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實(shí)踐技能practicalskills

信息時(shí)代informationera

知識(shí)爆炸時(shí)代eraofknowledgeexplosion

影響學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)affectschoolachievements

逃課skipclasses

學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)academicperformance

學(xué)習(xí)氛圍academicatmosphere

開(kāi)闊眼界broadenone9shorizon

激發(fā)興趣stimulateone'sinterest

開(kāi)發(fā)潛能tapone'spotential

（學(xué)生）減負(fù)reducestudyload

文理分科separationbetweenliberalartsandscience

放松的大學(xué)生活relaxingcollegelife

4.招生就業(yè)

招生recruitment

錄取enrollment

申請(qǐng)入學(xué)applyforadmissionto/into

高考CollegeEntranceExamination

考研NationalEntranceTestforM.A./M.S.Candidates

就業(yè)市場(chǎng)jobmarket

雇主employer

雇員employee

職業(yè)培訓(xùn)Ivocationaltraining

（二）文化

1.文化交流

文化交流culturalexchanges

文化融合culturalblending/integration

傳統(tǒng)中國(guó)文化traditionalChineseculture

儒家Confucianism

佛家Buddhism

道家Daoism/Taoism

京居PekingOpera

中國(guó)書(shū)法Chinesecalligraphy

西方文化westerncultures

啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)Enlightenment

人本主義humanism

后現(xiàn)代主義post-modernism

多元文化multi-cultures,pluralistic/mosaiccultures

文化多元化culturaldiversity

保存珍惜preserveandcherish

取其精華，去其糟粕absorbitsessenceandresistitsdarkside

積極促進(jìn)文化發(fā)展promoteculturaldevelopmentpositively

輝煌燦爛的文化遺產(chǎn)splendidandgloriouscultureheritage/legacy/relics

與時(shí)俱進(jìn)keeppacewithtimes

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跨文化交流cross-culturalcommunication

文化差異culturaldifferences

文化傳統(tǒng)culturaltraditions

人類文明humancivilization

精神文明spiritualcivilization

主流文化mainstreamculture

解讀經(jīng)典interpretationofclassics

2.流行文化

流行文化popularculture

電視廣告泛濫thepervasiveadvertisementsonTV

偶像崇拜idolworship

上網(wǎng)成癮webaddiction

虛擬生活virtuallife

網(wǎng)上交友makingfriendsonline

網(wǎng)聊chattingontheInternet

網(wǎng)絡(luò)謠言onlinegossip

網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物onlineshopping

團(tuán)購(gòu)group/integratebuying/purchase

網(wǎng)絡(luò)監(jiān)管theInternetsupervision

網(wǎng)絡(luò)暴力theInternetviolence

不負(fù)責(zé)言論irresponsibleremarks

購(gòu)買彩票buylotterytickets

電子游戲electronicgames

數(shù)碼產(chǎn)品digitalproducts

手機(jī)短信textmessage

垃圾短信junkmessage

手機(jī)入網(wǎng)mobilephonesubscription

三、人生哲理類

1.獨(dú)立

自立self-dependence

溺愛(ài)dote,spoil

獨(dú)生子女onlychild

激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)fiercecompetition

啃老族boomerangkids,NEET(NotcurrentlyengagedEducation,

EmploymentorTraining)

不勞而獲reapwithoutsowing

2.堅(jiān)持

不斷努力makeconstantefforts

決不放棄nevergiveup

絕不停止進(jìn)步neverstopmakingprogress

獲得成功achievesuccess

倉(cāng)慚innovation

勤奮diligence

奮斗精神strivingspirit

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人生觀outlookoflife

世界觀worldoutlook

恒心perseverance

耐心patience

謹(jǐn)慎prudence

3.信心

自信self-confidence

謙虛modesty

缺乏自信lackofconfidence

高估困難exaggerate/overestimatedifficulties

低估能力underestimateone'sabilities

4.合作

團(tuán)隊(duì)合作teamwork

團(tuán)隊(duì)精神teamspirit

與他人合作cooperatewithothers

齊心協(xié)力/眾志成城joint/cooperativeefforts

互相幫助helpeachother

5.樂(lè)觀

保持樂(lè)觀keepoptimistic

悲觀pessimism

悲觀的pessimistic

積極態(tài)度positiveattitude

仁慈benevolence

四、社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)類

（一）健康

生理健康physicalhealth

心理健康mental/psychologicalhealth/fitness

健康問(wèn)題healthconcern

亞健康sub-health

公共衛(wèi)生publichealth

心、態(tài)stateofmind

體育鍛煉physicalexercises

均衡飲食well-balanceddiet

垃圾食品junkfood

減肥/節(jié)食goonadiet

提供醫(yī)療服務(wù)providemedicalservices

犧牲健康sacrificehealth

短期經(jīng)濟(jì)利益short-termeconomicbenefits

全面禁煙totaltobaccoban

疾病illness/disease

慢性病chronicdisease

傳染病infectiousdisease

酗酒alcoholism

癌癥cancer

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醫(yī)療體制改革reformofmedicalsystem

（二）兩代關(guān)系

代溝generation

彌合差距bridgethegap

相互理解mutualunderstanding

誤解misunderstanding

照顧care,takecareof,lookafter

虐待mistreat,maltreat,ill-treat

老齡化社會(huì)agingsociety

人口老齡化populationaging

老年人old/agedpeople,theold/aged/elders/elderly,seniorcitizens

奉行孝道practicefilialpiety

（三）社會(huì)公德

功德publicmorality

傳統(tǒng)美德traditionalvirtues

責(zé)任duty/responsibility

責(zé)任感senseofresponsibility

承擔(dān)責(zé)任shoulder/assume/undertakeone'sduties/responsibilities

逃避責(zé)任avoid/shirk/shunone'sduties/responsibilities

奉獻(xiàn)devote/dedicate;devotion/dedication

無(wú)私奉獻(xiàn)selflessdevotion

信任危機(jī)thecrisisoftrust

功德墮落thecorruptionofpublicmorality

道德缺失thelackofmoralsense

不道德行為immoralbehaviors

希望工程ProjectHope

中國(guó)紅十字會(huì)ChinaRedCrossFoundation

慈善charity

捐款donate/donation

貧困鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)poorruralareas

入學(xué)startschooling

輟學(xué)dropoutofschool

完成學(xué)業(yè)finishschool

尊老愛(ài)幼torespecttheoldandcarefortheyoung

隨地吐痰spiteverywhere

大聲喧嘩makenoise,talkloudly

（四）職業(yè)道德

空洞承諾emptypromise

虛假承諾falsepromise

偽劣產(chǎn)品fakecommodities

欺詐行為dishonestbehaviors

誠(chéng)信honesty

學(xué)術(shù)腐敗academiccorruption

剽竊抄襲plagiarism

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食品安全foodsafety

工程質(zhì)量constructionquality

地溝油drainageoil

毒奶粉poisonousmilkpowder

嬰兒配方奶粉infantformula

食品添加劑foodadditives

藥價(jià)虛高unaffordablepricesofmedicines

過(guò)度上漲excessivegrowth

非法廣告illegalads

不公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)unfaircompetitions

爭(zhēng)搶利益competeforbenefits

治標(biāo)不治本addresssymptomsbutnotrootcauses

管理部門administrationdepartments

監(jiān)管部門supervisiondepartments

商家merchant

廠家manufacturer

企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)者enterpriseoperator

有關(guān)當(dāng)局authoritiesconcerned

收受賄賂takebribes

漠視法律disregardoflaws

推卸責(zé)任shifttheblameonto

消費(fèi)者權(quán)益consumers9rightsandinterests

偽專家unqualifiedexperts

公正有效地履行職責(zé)performone'stasksfairlyandeffectively

提供禮貌熱情的服務(wù)providepoliteandhospitableservices

腐敗現(xiàn)象corruptionphenomenon

（五）交通

公交專用車道buslane

（機(jī)動(dòng)車）單雙號(hào)限行odd-and-evenlicenseplaterule

早晚高峰morningandeveningpeak

交通擁堵trafficjam/congestion,heavytraffic

交通高峰期rushhour

公共交通線路圖publictransportnetwork

尾號(hào)限行trafficrestrictionsbasedonthelastdigitoflicenseplatenumbers

交通管制trafficcontrol

無(wú)車日car-freeday

交通事故trafficaccidents

私家車privatecars

發(fā)展公共交通developpublictransport

醉駕drunkdrive

酒后駕車driveundertheinfluenceofalcohol

司機(jī)driver

行人pedestrian

（六）經(jīng)濟(jì)管理

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經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)economiccrisis,financialcrisis,financialturmoil,financialmeltdown

經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣recession,bleedingeconomy,depression,sluggisheconomy

失業(yè)loseone'sjob,beunemployed,beredundant

失業(yè)力口居joblossesmount,unemploymentclimb

失業(yè)人數(shù)unemployment

找工作seekemployment

找工作者jobseeker

嚴(yán)峻的就業(yè)形勢(shì)atoughjobmarket

信心下滑confidenceslump

經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇economicrecovery

經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的影響thecrisis9fallout

應(yīng)對(duì)危機(jī)facethecrisis,meetthecrisis,fightcrisis

重建信心confidencereconstruction

遏制衰退containdeclines

減緩衰退slowdowndeclines

安居工程affordable/comfortablehousingproject

成本削減cost-cutting

創(chuàng)造新的就業(yè)generatenewemployment

刺激消費(fèi)stimulateconsumerspending

恢復(fù)revive,recovery,turnaround

積極的財(cái)政政策proactivefiscalpolicy

減少裁員refrainfromlayingoffemployees

減員cutthesalaried