美國民族主義市場前景及投資研究報(bào)告-培訓(xùn)課件外文版2024.4

POLITICS

&

SOCIETYNationalismintheUnitedStatesCHAPTER

01Anti-freetrade/economicglobalizationShareofpeoplewhothinktheircountryshouldopenupmoretotheworldin2021,bycountrySentimentstowardglobalizationandprotectionismbycountry2021ShareofrespondentsNeither/Don'tknow60%Agree40%75%Disagree0%20%80%100%5%3%1%3%3%4%4%4%120%GlobalaveragePeru20%87%9%13%11%11%11%12%11%MalaysiaRussiaArgentinaChile86%86%86%86%85%85%MexicoColombiaSouthAfricaTurkey83%11%13%14%15%6%83%82%82%5%4%4%BrazilPoland3Description:Expandingtradeisakeyquestiontoprotectionism,andmostcountrieshavecitizenswhoareopentoincreasedtrade,atleastinprinciple.Peruviansfeelmoststrongly,with87percentopentoexpandingtrade.Only51percentofFrenchrespondentsfeltthesame,althoughthiscouldbeinfluencedbyFrancealreadybeingveryopentotrade.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;March26toApril9,2021;19,017respondents;16-64years*Source(s):Ipsos;WorldEconomicForumShareofpeopleintheUnitedStateswhothinkfreetradeagreementshavebeenagoodthingforthecountryin2019,bypoliticalpreferenceShareofAmericanswhothinkfreetradehasbeengoodforthecountrybyparty2019GoodthingBadthing80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%TotalRepublican/leanRepublicanDemocrat/leanDemocrat4Description:ThisstatisticshowstheshareofpeopleintheUnitedStatesthatthinkfreetradeagreementshavebeenagoodthingforthecountryin2019,bypoliticalpreference.Duringthesurvey,73percentofrespondentswhoidentifiedasDemocratsbelievedfreetradeagreementshadbeenagoodthingfortheUnitedStates,comparedto59percentofRepublicanrespondents.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;July10to15,2019;1,502respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):PewResearchCenterShareofpeopleintheUnitedStateswhothinkincreasedtariffsbetweentheUnitedStatesanditstradingpartnersisagoodthingforthecountryin2019,bypartySupportforincreasedtariffsbetweentheU.S.anditstradingpartnersbyparty2019Goodthing67%Badthing90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%82%56%37%26%14%TotalRepublican/leanRepublicanDemocrat/leanDemocrat5Description:ThisstatisticshowstheshareofpeopleintheUnitedStatesthatthinkincreasedtariffsbetweentheU.S.anditstradingpartnersisagoodthingforthecountryin2019,bypartypreference.Duringthesurvey,67percentofrespondentswhoidentifiedasRepublicansthoughtthatincreasedtariffsonwasagoodfortheUnitedStates,comparedto14percentofDemocrats.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;July10to15,2019;1,502respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):PewResearchCenterCHAPTER

02ImmigrationPercentageofforeign-bornpopulationintheUnitedStatesin2022,bystateU.S.percentageofforeign-bornpopulation2022,bystatePercentageofpopulation10%

15%0%5%20%25%30%CaliforniaNewJerseyNewYork26.7%23.5%22.7%21.7%FloridaNevada18.9%MassachusettsTexas18%17.2%17.1%16.7%15.7%15.3%14.9%14.4%HawaiiMarylandConnecticutWashingtonDistrictofColumbiaRhodeIsland7Description:Asof2022,26.7percentofCalifornia'spopulationwereborninacountryotherthantheUnitedStates.NewJersey,NewYork,Florida,andHawaiiroundedoutthetopfivestateswiththelargestpopulationofforeignbornresidentsinthatyear.Forthecountryasawhole,13.9percentofresidentswereforeignborn.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2022Source(s):USCensusBureauNumberofpersonsobtaininglegalpermanentresidentstatusintheU.S.fromFY1820toFY2021NumberofgreencardsintheUnitedStatesFY1820-20212,000,0001,800,0001,600,0001,400,0001,200,0001,000,000800,000600,000400,000200,00008Description:Inthefiscalyearof2021,about740,000immigrantsreceivedlegalpermanentresidentstatusintheUnitedStates.Thisisaslightincreasefromthepreviousyear,whenabout710,000peoplereceivedlegalpermanentresidentstatus.1991wastheyearwiththehighestnumberofresidencypermitsgrantedinUnitedStateshistory-thiswaslargelyduetothesigningoftheImmigrationActof1990,whichgreatlyeasedrestrictionsforlegalmigrationandnaturalization.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;FY1820toFY2021;fiscalyearrunsfromOctober1toSeptember30;*Includesthe15monthsfromJuly1,1975toSeptember30,1976,duetochangingoffiscalyearboundaries.

ReadmoreSource(s):USDepartmentofHomelandSecurityNumberofpersonsnaturalizedintheUnitedStatesfromthefiscalyearof1990tothefiscalyearof2021NumberofpersonsnaturalizedU.S.FY1990-20211,150,0001,050,000950,000850,000750,000650,000550,000450,000350,000250,000150,000'90

'91

'92

'93

'94

'95

'96

'97

'98

'99

'00

'01

'02

'03

'04

'05

'06

'07

'08

'09

'10

'11

'12

'13

'14

'15

'16

'17

'18

'19

'20

'219Description:Inthefiscalyearof2021,813,861peoplebecamenaturalizedcitizensintheUnitedStates.Thisisanincreasefromthepreviousyear,when628,254peoplebecamenaturalizedcitizens--afigurethatwaslikelyduetotheimpactofthecoronavirus(COVID-19)pandemic.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;fiscalyears1990to2021Source(s):USDepartmentofHomelandSecurityAreyousatisfiedwiththelevelofimmigrationintothecountrytoday?U.S.publicopiniononthelevelofimmigrationintotheU.S.2001-2023Satisfied64%Dissatisfied75%65%55%45%35%25%15%72%70%66%65%65%63%31%63%63%62%30%60%59%34%58%34%57%35%56%36%55%32%54%38%54%40%53%41%50%39%33%30%29%28%28%27%27%24%23%2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

202310Description:In2023,28percentofsurveyrespondentsweresatisfiedwiththelevelofimmigrationintotheUnitedStates,while63percentoftherespondentsweredissatisfied.Theyearbefore,34percentofrespondentsweresatisfiedwiththelevelofimmigrationintothecountry,and58percentweredissatisfied.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2001to2023;about1,015intervieweeseachpoll;18yearsandolderSource(s):GallupOnthewhole,doyouthinkimmigrationisagoodthingorabadthingforthiscountrytoday?U.S.publicperceptionofimmigrationasagoodorbadthing2005-2022Goodthing72%Badthing73%90%77%80%76%75%75%72%71%70%68%67%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%66%64%63%61%34%60%33%59%37%58%36%57%36%33%30%29%28%27%25%25%24%24%23%21%19%19%19%200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202311Description:In2023,68percentofsurveyrespondentsstatedtheythinkimmigrationisagoodthingfortheUnitedStates,whichisadecreasefromthepreviousyearwhen70percentconsideredimmigrationagoodthing.Afurther33percentofrespondentssaidthattheyfeltimmigrationwasabadthingforthecountry.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2005to2023;about1,000eachsurvey;18yearsandolderSource(s):GallupShareofAmericanswhobelieveincreasingdiversitymakestheUnitedStatesabetterplacetolivein2020,bypoliticalaffiliationSupportforincreasingdiversityamongU.S.citizensbypoliticalaffiliation2020Shareofrespondents0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%40%Democrat/leanDemocrat38%Total24%Republican/leanRepublican9%12Description:Duringa2020survey,24percentofAmericansbelieveddiversitymakestheUnitedStatesabetterplacetolive.ThissentimentwassignificantlyhigheramongDemocrats,38percentofwhomagreedthatincreaseddiversitywasagoodthingforthecountry.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;July27toAugust2,2020;11,001respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):PewResearchCenterShareofpeopleintheUnitedStateswhothinkimmigrantsstrengthenthecountrywiththeirhardworkandtalentsfrom1994to2020,bypoliticalpreferenceShareofAmericanswhothinkimmigrantsimprovethecountry,bypoliticalparty2020RepublicanDemocrat90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%Jul.Jun.Jun,Aug.Sep.Jun.Dec.Dec.Oct.Nov.Aug.Mar.Jan.Mar.

Mar.

May.

Mar.Jul.Jan.

Jul20201994

1996

1997

1999

2000

2003

2004

2005

2006

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2019Respondentspoliticalpreference13Description:TheviewofpeopleintheUnitedStateswhosupportthestatementthatimmigrantsstrengthenthecountrydifferedbypartyfrom1994to2020.In2020,84percentofrespondentswhoidentifiedasDemocratsbelieveimmigrantsstrengthentheUnitedStates.Incontrast,theshareofRepublicanswas32percent,asignificantlylargerdifferencethanthe30percentforRepublicansand32percentforDemocratsin1994.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;1994to2020;Approx.1,500Source(s):PewResearchCenterCHAPTER

03TrustinAmericaGenerallyspeaking,wouldyousaythingsinthiscountryareheadingintherightdirection,oraretheyoffonthewrongtrack?ShareofpeoplewhothinkthingsaregoingintherightdirectionbypartyU.S.2021RightdirectionWrongtrack17%Don'tknow120%100%80%60%40%20%0%13%45%17%59%67%42%24%16%DemocratsRepublicansIndependents15Description:DuringasurveyconductedinJanuary2021,59percentofIndependentsbelievedthatthecountryisheadedinthewrongdirection,comparedto67percentofRepublicansand45percentofDemocrats.42percentofDemocratsreportedthatthecountryisheadedintherightdirection.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;January20to21,2021;1,115respondents;18yearsandolder;registeredvotersSource(s):Ipsos;ReutersWhatdoyouthinkisthemostimportantproblemfacingthiscountrytoday?U.S.adultsonthemostimportantproblemfacingthecountry2023Shareofrespondents6%

8%0%2%4%10%12%14%16%18%20%Thegovernment/PoorleadershipEconomyingeneral18%16%Immigration13%Highcostofliving/InflationOthernon-economic9%6%Unifyingthecountry5%Environment/Pollution/ClimatechangePoverty/Hunger/HomelessnessNoopinion3%3%3%3%3%3%3%Unemployment/JobsJudicialsystem/Courts/LawsFederalbudgetdeficit/FederaldebtCrime/Violence16Description:InSeptember2023,ninepercentofsurveyrespondentssaidthatthemostimportantproblemfacingtheUnitedStateswasthehighcostoflivingandinflation.Another18percentsaidthatthegovernmentandpoorleadershipwasthemostseriousproblemforthenation.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;September2023;about1,001eachpoll;18yearsandolderSource(s):GallupConfidencelevelsinpolitics,thepress,business,publicinstitutionsandotherorganizationsintheUnitedStatesin2022U.S.confidenceinbusiness,publicinstitutionsandotherorganizations2022ShareofrespondentsGreatdeal20%Quitealot24%Some40%VerylittleNone60%Noopinion80%0%100%120%ThemilitarySmallbusiness32%29%28%36%30%10%

01%%7%

01%%17%

10%%28%Thepolice19%13%16%11%11%10%12%9%11%6%38%ThemedicalsystemThechurchororganizedreligionTheU.S.SupremeCourtLargetechnologycompaniesThepresidency21%16%39%36%25%30%34%29%10%%3%1%1

1%%10%%4%1%1

1%%10%%2

0%%3%2%16%15%16%13%17%15%37%44%31%39%OrganizedlaborBanksPublicschools50%48%23%25%36%36%Newspapers12%35%42%17Description:DuringasurveyconductedintheUnitedStatesin2023,48percentofrespondentssaidtheyhadverylittleconfidenceinCongress.Thisiscomparedtothemilitary,where32percentofrespondentsreportedhavingagreatdealofconfidence,makingitthemosttrustedinstitutionintheUnitedStates.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;June1to22,2023;1,015respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):GallupShareoftrustininstitutionsintheUnitedStatesin2022,byinstitutionShareoftrustininstitutionsintheU.S.202260%50%40%30%20%10%0%57%55%50%49%44%43%42%WorldHealthOrganizationBusinessNGOsUnitedNationsEuropeanUnionMediaGovernment18Description:ThestatisticillustratestheshareofrespondentswhotrustinstitutionsintheUnitedStatesin2022,byinstitution.Duringthesurvey,42percentofrespondentsreportedthattheytrustthegovernment.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;November1toNovember28,2022;1,150respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):EdelmanShareofpeoplewhotrustmajorinstitutionsintheUnitedStatesin2022,byinstitutionandpoliticalpartyLeveloftrustinmajorU.S.institutions2022,byinstitutionandpoliticalpartyDemocratvoterRepublicanvoter70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%63%61%26%25%MediaGovernment19Description:Duringasurveyconductedin2022,onlyoneinfourRepublicanvotersstatedthattheytrusttheGovernment,comparedtoover60percentofDemocratvoters.Thenumbersweresimilarforthemedia.Intotal,justabove40percentofU.S.citizenshadtrustintheirGovernmentthatyear.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;November1to28,2022;1,150respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):EdelmanShareofpeoplewhobelievetheywillbebetteroffinfiveyearsin2019,bycountryShareofpeoplewhobelievetheywillbebetteroffinfiveyearsbycountry2019Shareofrespondents0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%50%JapanFrance15%19%GermanyUnitedKingdomItaly23%27%29%HongKongTheNetherlandsAustralia31%31%32%Russia34%CanadaSouthKoreaSpain35%36%37%37%Ireland20Description:Thestatisticdisplaystheshareofpeoplewhobelievetheywillbebetteroffinfiveyearsin2019,bycountry.Duringthesurvey,43percentofthepopulationintheUnitedStatesbelievedtheywouldbebetteroffinfiveyears.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;October19toNovember18,2019;34,000respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):EdelmanCHAPTER

04Ethno-nationalismHowproudareyoutobeanAmerican?Americans'levelofpridetobeanAmerican202345%39%40%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%28%22%7%4%0%ExtremelyVeryModeratelyOnlyalittleNotatall22Description:Accordingtoa2023survey,some39percentofrespondentsstatedtheywereextremelyproudtobeanAmerican.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;June1to22,2023;1,013respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):GallupHowseriousathreatdoyouthinkwhitenationalismposestotheUnitedStates?ShareofAmericanswhofeelwhitenationalismisathreattotheU.S.202035%33%30%25%20%15%10%5%22%20%13%12%0%VeryseriousthreatSomewhatseriousthreatNotveryseriousthreatNotathreatatallNotsure23/statistics/738161/public-opinion-on-the-threat-of-white-nationalism-in-the-usThisstatisticshowstheshareofAmericanswhobelievedwhitenationalismwasathreattotheUnitedStatesin2020.Atthetimeofthesurvey,33percentofAmericansbelievedthatwhitenationalismposedaveryseriousthreattotheUnitedStates.

ReadmoreNote(s):October1to6,2020;994respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):TheHuffingtonPost;YouGovShareofAmericanswhofeelthereisdiscriminationagainstwhitepeoplein2020,byageShareofpeoplewhofeelwhitepeoplearediscriminatedagainstbyageU.S.2020Yes,thereisalotdiscriminationNo,notalotofdiscriminationNotsure120%100%13%16%53%20%47%17%48%80%60%40%20%0%56%33%34%65+30%31%18-2930-4445-6424/statistics/987519/share-people-feel-discrimination-against-white-people-age-usDuringasurveyconductedin2020,34percentofpeopleaged65andoverreportedthattheybelievethereisalotofdiscriminationagainstwhitepeopleintheUnitedStates,comparedto48percentinthesameagegroupwhosaidtheyfelttheopposite.ReadmoreNote(s):October1to6,2020;994respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):TheHuffingtonPost;YouGovCHAPTER

05ExtremismNumberofhategroupsintheUnitedStatesin2022,bytypeNumberofhategroupsintheUnitedStates2022,bytypeNumberofhategroups0100200300400500600700800AntigovernmentmovementGeneralhate702121109WhiteNationalistAnti-LGBTQ6360Neo-NaziAnti-MuslimNeo-Volkisch3937Anti-ImmigrantNeo-ConfederateRacistSkinheadKuKluxKlanHateMusicChristianIdentity17141311101026Description:In2022,therewere11KuKluxKlangroupsintheUnitedStates.Theterm'hategroups'includesgroupswhichhavebeliefsorpracticesthatattackormalignanentireclassofpeople.Theiractivitiescanincludecriminalacts,rallies,speeches,meetings,leafleting,orpublishing.ReadmoreNote(s):2022;*Theterm'hategroups'basicallyincludesgroupswhichhavebeliefsorpracticesthatattackormalignanentireclassofpeople.Theiractivitiescanincludecriminalacts,rallies,speeches,meetings,leafletingorpublishing.ReadmoreSource(s):SPLCNumberofdomesticextremist-relatedkillingsintheUnitedStatesfrom2009to2022,bynumberofdeathsU.S.numberofdomesticextremist-relatedkillings2009-2022857565557871554645464536333525153029272725232009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202227Description:In2022,therewere25domesticextremist-relatedkillingsreportedintheUnitedStates,downfromahighof78in2016.2020hadthefewestrecordeddomesticextremist-relatedkillingsintheU.S.since2009.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2009to2022Source(s):ADLShareofdomesticextremist-relatedkillingsintheUnitedStatesfrom2011to2022,byperpetratoraffiliationShareofdomesticextremist-relatedkillingsU.S.2011-2022,byaffiliation70%61.5%60%50%40%30%23.1%20%10%0%11.5%3.9%Right-wingextremism(allmovements)DomesticIslamistextremismLeft-wingextremism(includinganarchistsandblacknationalists)Other/MiscExtremism28Description:Between2011and2022,61.5percentofalldomesticextremist-relatedkillingsintheUnitedStateswerecarriedoutbyright-wingextremists.Duringthistimeperiod,11.5percentofextremist-relatedkillingswerecarriedoutbyperpetratorsaffiliatedwithleft-wingextremism.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2011to2022;443deaths*;*Includesbothideologicallyandnon-ideologicallymotivatedkillings.ReadmoreSource(s):ADLShareofdomesticextremist-relatedkillingsintheUnitedStatesin2021,byperpetratoraffiliationShareofdomesticextremist-relatedkillings,byperpetratoraffiliationU.S.2021Shareofextremist-relateddeaths15%

20%

25%0%5%10%30%35%40%45%45%50%WhitesupremacyIncel/ManosphereextremismOtherright-wingextremismAnti-governmentextremismLeft-wingextremism17%17%10%6%Islamistextremism3%29Description:In2021,about45percentofthedomesticextremist-relatedkillingsintheUnitedStateswereassociatedwithwhitesupremacy.Inthatyear,afurther17percentofextremist-relatedkillingswerecarriedoutbyp