2022年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題(第1套)

2022年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題(第1套)

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Inthistask,youaretowriteanessayontheimportanceof

developingahealthylifestyleamongcollegestudents.Youwillhave30

minutesforthetask.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan

180words.

PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendof

eachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreport

andthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,you

mustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)and

D).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasingleline

throughthecentre.

Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

1.A)Afreecarshow.

B)Ayearlyconcert.

C)Apipebandcontest.

D)Asportscompetition.

2.A)Contributealottothelocaleconomy.

B)ImprovetheimageofGlasgowcity.

C)EnrichthelocalcultureofGlasgow.

D)Entertainpeopleinlocalcommunities.

Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

3.A)DangerousicemeltsinGreenland.

B)Surprisingriseinglobalsealevels.

C)Changingweatherpatternsinsummer.

D)RecordgrowthofGreenland'sicesheets.

4.A)Itlastedthreemonths.

B)ItbeganinlateMay.

C)Itendedamonthearlierthanbefore.

D)Itstartedamonthearlierthanusual

Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

5.A)Localpolicemencameacrossbundlesof￡20notes.

B)Bundlesof￡20noteskeptturningup.

C)Avillagerwassearchingforhislostcash.

D)Abundlecontainingthousandsofpoundsgotstolen.

6.A)Theyreturnittothefinder.

B)Theygiveittocharity.

C)TheyplaceanoticeinTheNorthernEcho.

D)Theyhanditovertothelocalgovernment.

7.A)Theycooperatedwellwiththepolice.

B)Theyenjoyedafairlyaffluentlife.

C)Theyhadastrongcommunityspirit.

D)Theywerepuzzledbythemystery

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.At

theendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththe

conversationandthequestionswillhespokenonlyonce.Afteryouheara

question,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),

B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1mth

asinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

8.A)Excited.

B)Strange.

C)Delighted.

D)Indifferent.

9.A)Talkaboutfutureplanswithfriends.

B)Lookbackontheiryearsatschool.

C)Callontheirrelativesandfriends.

D)Searchforthemeaningoftheirlife.

1().A)Helooksforwardtoreceivingpresentsfromhisclosefriends.

B)Heenjoyscelebratingothers9birthdaysratherthanhisown.

C)Helovesthembutdoesnotwanttomakeafuss.

D)Hepreferstohavethemshownonsocialmedia.

11.A)Extendinvitationtothosehetrustsmost.

B)Makeitanoccasiontocollectdonations.

C)Holditonamodestscaletoremovebirthdayanxieties.

D)Viewitasachanceforpeopletosocializeandhavefun

Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

12.A)Therewastoolongadelay.

B)Therewasaterriblesmell.

C)Itwasabsolutelyexhausting.

D)Shegotoffatthewrongstation.

13.A)Shehasn'tsavedenoughmoney.

B)Sheisusedtotakingpublictransport.

C)Sheisworriedabouttrafficjams.

D)Shehasn'tpassedthedrivingtestyet.

14.A)Theyarepopular.

B)Theyareabitexpensiveforher.

C)Theyaredangerous.

D)Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.

15.A)Byrentingabike.

B)Bysharingaride.

C)Bybus.

D)Byjogging

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeach

passage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthe

questionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmust

choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Then

markthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasingleline

throughthecentre.

Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

16.A)HeisadeafpersonworkinginIT.

B)Heisasignlanguageinterpreter.

C)Hedoesn'tlikespeakingatmeetings.

D)Hedoesn'tuseemailortextmessages.

17.A)Bigadvancesinsignlanguage.

B)TransformationintheITindustry.

C)Improvedcommunicationskills.

D)Speechrecognitiontechnology.

18.A)Hecanavoidbeingmistaken.

B)Hecanunderstandwithease.

C)Hecantakenotesonthespot.

D)Hecanseethespeakers7images.

Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Tofindpurewhitewallsshining.

B)Toenterahousewelllookedafter.

C)Toseecheerfulcoloursallaround.

D)Togetahugfromfamilymembers

20.A)Paintingtheinterioroftheircupboards.

B)Doingthepaintingjoballbythemselves.

C)Designingallwindowframesthesameway.

D)Choosingacolourbecauseitisfashionable.

21.A)Paintthewoodenframeworksandwallsthesamecolour.

B)Matchtheroom'sceilingwithallthefurnitureincolour.

C)Hanglandscapepaintingsallround.

D)Fitmostofthecupboardsintowalls.

Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

22.A)Childrenshouldstartreadingatage3.

B)Readingtotheirchildrenisimportant.

C)Readingisahabiteverychildcandevelop.

D)Childrenmustreadatleast3timesaweek.

23.A)Thespeedoftheirbraindevelopmentininfancy.

B)Thenumberofbookstheyhavereadbyagefour.

C)Thenumberandqualityofbooksparentsreadtothemininfancy.

D)Thequalityandquantityoftimeparentsspendplayingwiththem.

24.A)Bookstellingveryinterestingstories.

B)Bookswithpicturesofdollsandtoys.

C)Booksdescribingthelivesofanimals.

D)Bookswithspecificallylabeledimages.

25.A)Shareexperiencewithotherparents.

B)Createpicturebooksfortheirchildren.

C)Choosecarefullywhattoreadtotheirchildren.

D)Readasmanybooksaspossibletotheirchildren.

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youare

requiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgivenina

wordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefully

beforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthehankisidentifiedbya

letter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswer

Sheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthe

wordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Phonesinfluenceallaspectsofteenagelife.Ninety-fivepercentof

Americansages13to17haveasmartphoneorhaveaccesstoone,and

nearlyhalfreportusingtheinternet"almost26

Butasrecentsurveydataandinterviewshavesuggested,manyteens

findmuchofthattimetobeunsatisfyinglyspent.Continuous27

shouldn'tbemistakenforendlessenjoyment.Anew28

representativesurveyabout“screentimeanddevicedistractions^^fromthe

PewResearchCenterindicatesthatit'snotjustparentswhothink

teenagersareworryingly29fromtheirphones-manyteensthemselves

dotoo.Fifty-fourpercentofthe13-to-17-year-oldssurveyedsaidtheyspend

toomuchtime30intheirphones.

VickyRideout,whorunsaresearchfirmthatstudieschildren's

interactionswithmediaandtechnology,wasnotsurprisedbythisfinding.

Shesaysit'shardly31toteenagers."Theyaredealingwiththesame

challengesthatadultsare,asfarastheyarelivinginthe32ofatech

environmentdesignedtosuckasmuchoftheirtimeontotheirdevicesas

possible/9Rideoutsays.

Thewayparentsinteractwithtechnologycan33thewaythey

interactwiththeirkids.Rideoutthusthinksifsuptoparentstomodelgood

34:Kidstendtotakenoteiftheirparentsputtheirphoneawayat

dinnerorchargeitinanotherroomwhiletheysleep.Witnessinghabits

likethatcanhelpkids“realizethattheycan35somemorecontrol

overtheirdevices,Mshesays.

A)absorbedF)exerciseK)solution

B)addictedG)inseparableL)specific

C)behaviorH)nationallyM)summary

D)constantlyI)recruitedN)usage

E)contextJ)shapeO)vaguely

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithten

statementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninone

oftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationis

derived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphis

markedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymarkingthecorresponding

letteronAnswerSheet2.

EvilGenius

A)AfewyearsagoIfoundmyselfteachingauniversityclassonevil.It

wasforthird-yearcriminologystudentstohelpthemcontextualizetheory

andresearchwithincontroversialcurrenttopics.Itwasahugesuccess.

Thedebateswereheatedandinteresting.1couldseepeople'sviews

changewithinthecourseofasinglelecture.Overthepast13years,asa

student,lecturerandresearcher,I'veenjoyeddiscussingthescienceof

evilwithanyonewillingtolisten.WhatIlikemostisdestroyingthe

cliche(陳詞濫調(diào))ofgoodandevil,andreplacingthemwithscientific

insight.Weneedamoreinformedwayofdiscussingbehaviorthatat

firstwecannot,orshouldnot,begintounderstand.

B)Withoutunderstanding,weriskdehumanizingothers,writingoffhuman

beingssimplybecausewedon'tcomprehendthem.Wemusttryto

understandwhatwehavelabeledevil.Wetendtothinkevilissomething

thatotherpeopleare.Wethinkofourselvesas“goodpeople”,andeven

whenwedomorallywrongthings,weunderstandthecontextofour

decisions.Withothers,however,itisfareasiertowritethemoff.Iftheir

actionsdeviate(偏離)substantiallyfromwhatweconsideracceptable,we

maylabelthemevil.Weneedtobecarefulwiththis.Callingsomeone

evilisoftensimilartosayingtheycannotchange,andperhapsaren'teven

ahumanatall.However,whenyouactuallygomonster-hunting,andyou

lookdeeplyatthepeoplebehindshockingbehavior,youmaybesurprised.

C)AsachildIusedtolovetheScooby-Doocartoons.Arrivingintheir

“MysteryMachine”,thegangwouldhavetofindamonsterwhowas

terrorizinganeighborhood.Theywouldrunaroundlookingforclues

andattheendunmaskthebadguy.Itwasalwaysanormalpersonina

costume.Therewerenomonsters.LiketheScoobycrew,wemay

findourselveshuntingforaneasyfix,onewordforpeoplewhodobad

things.Butifwetakeagoodlook,theword"evil"isinsufficient一

therearenosimpleexplanationsforwhyhumansdobadthings:instead

therearemany,andtheyareallmarvelouslydifferent.

D)Evilistypicallyreferredtowhenthereisdeviancefromsocialnorms:

formaldevianceistheviolationoflaws,liketheft,murder,andattacks,

whileinformaldevianceinvolvesviolationsofsocialnorms,likelying.

Evilbehavioristypicallythoughttoembraceoneorbothforms.However,

deviancecanalsodescribeabehaviorthatsimplydiffersfromthenorm.

E)Perhapsthisiswherewecanfindthegoodsideofourbadside.Deviating

fromthenormcanmakeusvillains(惡棍)，butitcanalsomakeusheroes.

Achilddeviatesfromsocialpressureswhentheystandupforanother

childbeingbulliedinschool.Asoldierdeviateswhentheychoosenotto

followorderstokillaninnocentcivilian.Anemployeeinabigtech

companydeviateswhentheyexposeitswrongdoings.

F)Creativityisalsoadeviation.Here,too,thingsarecomplex.Thinking

creativelyhasgivenusmodernmedicine,technologyandmodernpolitical

structures,butithasalsogivenuspoisonandnuclearweapons.Great

benefitandgreatharmcancomefromthesamehumantendency.

G)Inaresearchpaper,EvilGenius,publishedin2014,thebehavioral

scientistsFrancescaGinoandScottWiltermuthwantedtoexamine

whetherpeoplewhobehaveunethicallyinonetaskaremorecreative

thanothersonasubsequenttask,evenaftercontrollingfordifferences

inbaselinecreativeskills.Theunethicalbehaviortheychosewas

dishonesty.

H)Overfiveexperimentsresearchersgaveparticipantstasksinwhichthey

couldcheat.Inonestudy,theyweregivenmatrixes(矩陣)andhadtofind

twonumbersthataddedupto10.Participantswereaskedtoself-report

howwelltheydidattheendofthestudy:59%cheatedbysayingthatthey

solvedmorematrixesthantheyactuallyhad.

I)Aftereachtask,theresearchersmeasuredparticipants9performance

ontheRemoteAssociatesTest.Thisshowsparticipantsthreewordsata

timethatappeartobeunrelated,andthepersonhastothinkofafourth

wordthatisassociatedwithallofthem.Forexample,youmightget

“Fox,Man,Peep”,or"Dust,Cereal,Fish”.Inordertofindthelinking

words("Hole"forthefirst,"Bowl”forthesecond)youneedtobe

creative.Themoreyougetright,themorecreativeyouarethoughttobe

becauseyouhavecomeupwithuncommonassociations.

J)Foreveryoneofthefivestudies,theyfoundthesamething—participants

whocheatedinthefirsttaskdidbetteronthecreativitytask.Why?Like

otherformsofunethicalbehavior,lyingmeansbreakingrules.Itinvolves

beingdeviant,goingagainstthesocialprinciplethatpeopleshouldtellthe

truth.Similarly,beingcreativeinvolves"thinkingoutsidethebox”,

deviatingfromexpectations.Theyinvolvesimilarthoughtpatterns,so

stimulatingonestimulatestheother.Canwelearnfromthis?Perhaps.To

bemorecreative,wecouldtrylyingincontrolledenvironment.Find

onlinelogicgamesandcheatatthem,playScrabble(拼字游戲)witha

dictionary,orwriteastoryaboutsomethingthatisuntrue?Suchtaskscan

getourbrainsthinkingflexibly,beyondournormalcomfortzone.Thisis

notacalltobecomeacompulsive(強(qiáng)迫性的)liar,butacontrolledliar.

K)Inadditiontobenefitsforcreativity,deviancecanbeagoodthinginother

ways.EvenPhilipZimbardo,theauthoroftheStanfordprisonexperiment,

whoshowedhoweasilywecanbeledtobehavebadly,believesthatthe

futureofdevianceresearchmayliemoreinunderstandingextremepro-

socialbehavior,suchasheroism.Likeevil,weoftenviewheroismasonlya

possibilityforoutliers—fbrpeoplewhoareabnormal.ButZimbardoasks:

“Whatifthecapabilitytoactheroicallyisalsofundamentallyordinaryand

availabletoallofus?”Somesayweshouldnevermeetourheroes,lestthey

disappointuswhenwefindouthownormaltheyare.Butthisshouldbe

liberating,notdisappointing.Weareallcapableofbehavinglike

outliers.It'stimefbrustounderstanddeviance,andrealizeitspotentialfor

goodaswellasforharm.

36.Abehaviorthatdoesnotconformtosocialnormsmaybedescribedas

beingdeviant.

37.Variousexperimentsfoundthatparticipantswhocheatedintheinitial

taskperformedbetterinthecreativitytest.

38.Peoplemaybesimplyconsideredeviliftheirbehaviorsaremorally

unacceptabletous.

39.Theresearchpublishedbytwoscientistswasintendedtoexamine

therelationshipbetweendishonestyandcreativity.

40.Theauthor'slecturessparkedlivelydiscussionsinhisclass.

41.Theresearcherstestedtheparticipants'creativitybyaskingthemtoplaya

wordgame.

42.Itistimewerealizedthatdeviancemaybecapableofdoingboth

goodandharmtoindividualsandsociety.

43.Thereasonsforpeople'sevilbehaviorscanbeexplainedinmorewaysthan

one.

44.Themathtaskinoneexperimentwasdesignedtotestparticipants,

tendencytocheat.45.Somecreativeideashaveturnedouttodoharmto

humansociety.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedby

somequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefour

choicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceand

markthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethrough

thecentre.

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Eventhoughwearelivinginanagewheregrowingoldisthoughtof

asaninevitablemisery,thisdoctorhasbeenchangingthegameforseniors

overthelast25years.

Itallstartedin1991whentheHarvard-educatedphysicianwas

transferredfromworkinginastressfulemergencyroomtobeingthemedical

directorofanursinghomeinupstateNewYork.Thedepressingand

regimented(嚴(yán)格管制的)environmentgothimthinkingonwhatexactly

couldimprovetheresidents9conditions.

Eventhoughanimalsinnursinghomeswereillegalatthetime,Dr.Bill

Thomastookachance.Basedonahunch(直覺(jué))，hebroughtintwodogs,four

cats,hens,rabbits,100birds,amultitudeofplants,aflowergarden,anda

vegetablepatch.

Thechangewasdramatic.Therewasa50%dropinmedical

prescriptionsalongwithadramaticdecreaseindeathrates—butmost

importantly,theresidentsweresimplyhappier.

Dr.Thomas'sapproach,namedtheEdenAlternative,hasdrivennursing

homestoallowamoreautonomousandcreativelivingspacefor

theirelderly.Iterasesthebeliefthatgrowingoldmeansgrowinguseless.He

encouragesresidentstothinkoftheirageasanenrichingnewphaseoflife

ratherthantheendofit.

Thomas,nowaspeakerandauthorofseveralbooks,also

createdsmall,independently-runresidenceswiththeirownbedroomsand

bathrooms,andhehasbeenpreachingasingularmessagethatgettingoldis

notabadthing.

“Withinsixweeks,theyhadtosendatruckaroundtopickupall

thewheelchairs,Thomastoldthe

WashingtonPost.t€Youknowwhymostpeopleinnursinghomesuse

wheelchairs?Becausethebuildingsaresobig.”

The56-year-olddoctor'smethodshavebeenadoptedinAustralia,

Japan,Canada,andAmericawithenormoussuccess.Lastyearhe

publishedSecondWind:NavigatingthePassagetoaSlower,Deeper,

andMoreConnectedLife,aguideonhowtoshiftourperspectiveson

agingandgrowth.

HeiscurrentlytravelingthroughNorthAmericaperformingwithhis

guitarandhisenthusiasmonhisAgeofDisruptionTour.

46.WhathasBillThomasbeendoingforaquarterofacentury?

A)Transformingpeople'slifestyle.

B)HonoringhisHarvardeducation.

C)Changingpeople'sphilosophyoflife.

D)Shiftingpeople'sperspectiveonaging.

47.WhydidBillThomastrysomethingdifferentinthenursinghome?

A)Hewantedtomakeitmorepleasantforseniors.

B)HewantedtoapplyhisHarvardtrainingtopractice.

C)Hefeltithisdutytorevolutionizeitsmanagement.

D)Hefeltdisappointedworkingintheenvironment.

48.WhatdowelearnaboutBillThomasbringinganimalsandplantsintothe

nursinghome?A)Hemadeamessofthenursinghome.

B)Hedidsomethingallprofessionalswoulddo.

C)Hewoninstantsupportfromthestateauthorities.

D)Heactedinviolationofthestatelaw.

49.WhathasBillThomasbeenpersistentlyadvocating?

A)Goodhealthisnotjustaprivilegeoftheyoung.

B)Nursinghomesshouldbestrictlylimitedinsize.

C)Gettingoldisbynomeanssomethingmiserable.

D)Residencesforseniorsshouldberunindependently.

50.HowisBillThomas'snewconceptreceived?

A)Itisgaininggroundinmanycountries.

B)Itisbeingheatedlydebatedworldwide.

C)Itisconsideredrevolutionaryeverywhere.

D)Itiswinningapprovalfromthegovernment.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Researchshowsthatindevelopedcountries,moreaffluentandeducated

peopletendtoconsumehigherqualitydiets——includingmorefruitsand

vegetables,fishandwholegrains.Onthecontrary,economically

disadvantagedpeoplereportdietsthatarenutrient-poorandenergy-dense.

Theyarelesslikelytohavefoodpurchasinghabitsthatconformtopublic

healthrecommendations.

Thesedietarydifferencesareoftenaccompaniedbyhigherratesof

obesityanddiabetesamonglowerincomepeople.Thisrelationship

betweensocialclassanddietqualityandhealthisextensivelydocumented.

However,theresearchdoesnotexplainwhythisisthecase-aquestion

thathassignificantimplicationsfbrdesigningeffectivepoliciesand

initiativestoimprovedietsandpreventchronicdiseases.

Public-healthinitiativestopromotehealthydietsoftenfocusonproviding

nutritioneducationandrecipes(食譜).Theseapproaches,however,often

presumelessfoodliteracy(i.e.foodknowledgeandskills)amonglow-

incomepeople.Areunhealthydietsreallytheresultofpoorchoices,limited

foodskillsandknowledge?

Researchsuggeststhatadultsinfood-insecurehouseholdsarejustas

likelyasthoseinfood-securehouseholdstoadjustrecipestomakethem

morehealthy.Theyarealsojustasproficientinfoodpreparationand

cookingskills.Thereisnoindicationthatincreasingfoodskillsorbudgeting

skillswillreducefoodinsecurity.

Instead,disadvantagedgroupsareconstrainedbytheireconomic,

materialandsocialcircumstances.Forexample,lowincomeisthe

strongestpredictoroffoodinsecurityinCanada,whereoneineight

householdsexperiencesinsufficientaccesstonutritiousfoods.

It'swell-establishedthatfoodpricesareanimportantdeterminant

offoodchoice.Low-incomehouseholdsreportthattheyfinditdifficultto

adoptdietaryguidelinesbecausefoodpricesareabarriertoimprovingtheir

diets.

Whenresearchersestimatethecostofdietspeopleactuallyeat,hi