高考英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)-主謂一致

專(zhuān)題1動(dòng)詞（2）主謂一致語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題第一部分語(yǔ)法篇內(nèi)容索引重溫高考專(zhuān)題精析考點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)綜合演練重溫高考單句語(yǔ)法填空/單句改錯(cuò)1.Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever，thereviewsaysit________(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking，cyclingorswimming.(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)2.Fastfood________(be)fulloffatandsalt；byeatingmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)3.Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow________(be)oftenacceptable.(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)4.Thiscycle________(go)dayafterday：Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandthusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.(全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)5.Theclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthatincludelearningfromtextbooks，andmistakesaswell.(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)6.Hewouldaskwhowewasandpretendnottoknowus.(2016·浙江高考)專(zhuān)題精析主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上和主語(yǔ)一致，一般遵循三個(gè)原則，即語(yǔ)法一致原則、就近一致原則和意義一致原則。一、語(yǔ)法一致原則主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)決定了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。1.動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、從句、不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。Listeningtomusicmakesmerelaxedafterabusyday.聽(tīng)音樂(lè)使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。Everythingisinacompletemass，whichdrivespeoplecrazy.所有的事情都毫無(wú)頭緒，讓人發(fā)瘋。Neitherofushasgonethroughregulartraining.我們兩個(gè)都沒(méi)受過(guò)正規(guī)的訓(xùn)練。[名師指津]what引導(dǎo)的從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式，但如果從句表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Whathesaidisfarfromthetruth.他的話與事實(shí)相差太遠(yuǎn)了。Whattheschoolneedsarequalifiedteachers.這個(gè)學(xué)校需要的是合格的老師。從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),若主句謂語(yǔ)部分為系表結(jié)構(gòu),主句謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)通常由作表語(yǔ)的名詞/代詞決定Whattheyneedmost______(be)moneywhilewhatweneedmost______(be)textbooks.2.主語(yǔ)后接介詞短語(yǔ)或其他插入語(yǔ)，如with，togetherwith，aswellas，like，but，except，alongwith，ratherthan，including，inadditionto等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。Theteacheraswellashisstudentswasveryexcited.老師和他的學(xué)生們都很興奮。IthinkTom，ratherthanyouistoblamefortheaccident.我認(rèn)為是湯姆而不是你該為這起事故負(fù)責(zé)任。3.and，both...and...連接兩個(gè)不同的主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但是如果由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞表示同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Herteacherandherfriendsareinthesitting-room.她的老師和朋友都在客廳。Thepoetandwriterhasproducedmanyworks.這位詩(shī)人兼作家寫(xiě)出了許多作品。Aknifeandforkisusedonthetableinwesterncountries.刀叉被用在西方國(guó)家的餐桌上。every/each/no+名詞+and+every/each/no+名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。Everyhourandeveryminuteisveryvaluabletous.英語(yǔ)中并列結(jié)構(gòu)表示整體概念的有：ironandsteel鋼鐵lawandorder治安breadandbutter黃油面包awatchandchain一塊帶鏈的表aknifeandfork一副刀叉acoatandtie一件配有領(lǐng)帶的上衣aimandend目的truthandhonesty真誠(chéng)4.定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與先行詞保持一致。 Myfriendshowedmearoundthetown，whichwasveryattractive.

我的朋友帶我參觀了這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)，它非常迷人。注意：（1）oneof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞，后面的定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，

（2）the/theonly/thevery/thefirst/thelast等限定詞+oneof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞，后面所接的定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞卻用單數(shù)①Heisoneofthestudentswhohavetakenpartintheactivity.②Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohastakenpartintheactivity.5.“manya/morethanone＋單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。each，every，no所修飾的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，即使有and連接，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。 Manyaparenthashadtogothroughthissamepainfulprocess.

很多父母都被迫經(jīng)歷了這一段相同的痛苦的過(guò)程。 EveryboyandeverygirlwishestoattendthepartytobeheldonSunday.

每個(gè)男生和女生都希望參加即將在周日舉辦的聚會(huì)。6.由兩部分構(gòu)成的表示物體的名詞，如：

trousers(褲子),clothes(衣服),glasses(眼鏡),chopsticks(筷子),scissors(剪刀),compasses(圓規(guī)),gloves(手套)等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。但當(dāng)主語(yǔ)

被kindof/typeof/pairof/amountof等修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式須根據(jù)kind/type/pair/amount等的數(shù)來(lái)確定。Jim’strousersarebrown.

吉姆的褲子是棕色的。ThispairoftrouserswasmadebyMasterLi.

這條褲子是李師傅做的。二、意義一致原則意義一致原則指不管主語(yǔ)的形式是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，主語(yǔ)的意義決定了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。1.集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若被看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；若被看作是構(gòu)成集體的一個(gè)個(gè)成員，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見(jiàn)的集體名詞有：family，class，team，group，public，committee，government，audience等。Theclassconsistsof25boysand20girls.這個(gè)班由25個(gè)男生和20個(gè)女生組成。Theclassaredoingexperiment.全班學(xué)生都在做實(shí)驗(yàn)。2.“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)/themajority＋of＋名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后名詞的數(shù)以及其表示的意義；all，some，half，most，therest等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語(yǔ)實(shí)際表達(dá)的意義。Aboutonethirdofthebooksareworthreading.這些書(shū)中大約有1/3值得一讀。Only60percentoftheworkwasdoneyesterday.昨天只做了60%的工作。Therestoftheapples_____red.剩下的蘋(píng)果都是紅的Allofthisiswonderful，butthebestpartofthisfilmistheacting.所有這些都很精彩，但電影最精彩的部分是表演。3.“the＋形容詞”表示一類(lèi)人在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Thesickhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.

病人已被治愈，失蹤的人也都找到了。4.aquantityof后既可接不可數(shù)名詞，也可接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于quantity的數(shù)。quantitiesof后無(wú)論接可數(shù)名詞還是接不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞均用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Aquantityoftimehasbeenwastedontheproject.

＝Quantitiesoftimehavebeenwastedontheproject.

大量的時(shí)間被浪費(fèi)在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目上。5.“anumberof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，“thenumberof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Anumberofstudentshavegoneforanouting.許多學(xué)生去遠(yuǎn)足了。Thenumberofthestudentsisincreasingyearafteryear.學(xué)生的數(shù)量逐年增加。6.表示時(shí)間、距離、重量、金額等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。 Threethousanddollarsisquitealotofmoneyforaboy.

對(duì)于一個(gè)男孩來(lái)說(shuō)，3000美元是一筆大數(shù)目。7.以-s/-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞及news作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 Badnewstravelsquickly. [諺]壞事傳千里。Physicsismyfavouritesubject.8.（1）國(guó)名、人名、報(bào)紙名、書(shū)名等專(zhuān)有名詞有些雖以-s結(jié)尾,形式上是復(fù)數(shù),但它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。TheUnitedNationswasfoundedin1945.聯(lián)合國(guó)成立于1945年。（2）山脈、群島、瀑布、運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)等以-s結(jié)尾的專(zhuān)有名詞TheOlympicGamesareheldonceeveryfouryears.9.單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞，如means，works，deer，fish，sheep等①Everymeanshasbeentried.②Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried.10.

none作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可用單數(shù)形式也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

Noneofusseemtohavethoughtofit.

Noneofushasgotacamera.我們都沒(méi)有相機(jī)。

all單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)表示人時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;表示事物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式

Allareeagertoreachanagreement.大家都急于達(dá)成一項(xiàng)協(xié)議

Alliswellthatendswell.

結(jié)果好,一切都好。11.由“kind(form，type，sort)of”等修飾的主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)形式取決于這些詞的單復(fù)數(shù)①Thisnewtypeofbusesisnowonshow.②Allkindsofdifficultieshavetobeovercome.三、就近一致原則就近一致原則指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于離它最近的主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)。1.由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，notonly...but(also)...，not...but...等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)常與最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。 Eitheryouoroneofyourstudentsistoattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.

要么是你或者你的一名學(xué)生應(yīng)該出席明天的會(huì)議。2.由there，here引起的主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)通常和最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。 Therearethreebooksandapenonthedesk.桌子上有三本書(shū)和一支鋼筆。1．Apartfromthementalreliefofpeople’smind，anothermajoraspectofTaoistinfluenceonChineseculture_______(be)itsinfluenceonmartialarts.(2019·銀川一中三模)2．Herboyfriendleftintearsandafewdayslatersentanotetoher，whichsaid，“Pleasetakegoodcareofyoureyes，mydear，becausebeforetheyareyours，they_______(be)mine！”(2019·重慶七校三診)3．Thedesignontheback_______(show)theyellow－eyedpenguin，oneoftheworld’srarestpenguins.(2019·唐山模擬)4．Inthepool，Bob，myinstructor，demandedwedowhathedid.Oneofthedrills_____(be)totakeourmasksoffatthebottomofthedeepend，replacethem，andclearthemofwater.(2019·哈爾濱六中模擬)5．Inmyschooldays，Iwasashyboyandnevereventhoughtoftakingpartinanypublicspeakingevents，schoolplaysorstagecontests，soacting_______(be)aremotecareerchoicethen.(2019·山西重點(diǎn)中學(xué)協(xié)作體模擬)iswereshowswaswasⅠ.單句語(yǔ)法填空6．Manypsychologiststoday____(be)workingtotrytodeterminejusthowapersonexperiencesorperceivestheworldaround.(2019·衡水中學(xué)模擬)7．AreportpublishedonDec.6saysthisstyleofhealthcare，which__________(include)differentformslikeherbalmedicineandexercise，hasspreadto183countriesandregions.(2019·石家莊二中模擬)8．PeopleinSuzhou，JiangsuProvince，_____(be)accustomedtoeatingwontonsinmidwinter.(2019·安慶二模)9．There_____(be)alsomanysmalluniversitieswithonlyafewhundredstudents.(2019·蘭州一中模擬)10．Whitehighlightsallthatisbadinhumannature.It______________(suggest)dishonestyandbetrayal(背叛)．(2019·大慶模擬)areincludesarearesuggestsⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Whentheworldenterthe2030，thedevelopmentinscienceandtechnologywillbringusmanymorenewhopesandchances.(2019·宣城二模)

2．Therewasalargenumberofpeopleandthetrainwascrowded，buteveryonehelpedthosewhohadlotsofbaggageandbehavedpolitely.(2019·福州八縣聯(lián)考)3.(2019·蕪湖一模)Herecomeyouropportunity:theStudentUnionwillorganizeaPoetryWritingContest.4．NowsheteachintheWashington－basedConfuciousInstitute.(2019·宿州一模)5．Comparedwithonlinegames，manytraditionalgames，likehide－and－seek，benefitskidsmentallyandphysically.(2019·貴州遵義航天高中模擬)6．98%ofthesurfacearecoveredpermanentlybyiceandstrongwindsdrivenbygravityblowfromthepoletothecoastline.(2019·河北衡水中學(xué)模擬)7．(2019·吉林東北師大附中模擬)Abouttwomilesawayfrommyhomestandamountainwhichisreallyworthtouring.8．Asasayinggo，“Pressureisanotherformofmotivepower”．(2019·江淮十校三模)9．Myparentsalwaysgivemebookswhichisfinebutnotexciting.(2019·南寧模擬)10．Actually，runningtheredlightarequitedangerous.(2019·西北師大附中模擬)Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空(2019·煙臺(tái)一模)Peoplereleaseballoonsforspecialoccasionslikememorialservicesandgrandopenings.Itisfunandexciting.Butitreallycausesgreatdestructiontotheenvironmentandthreatensthe1.________(life)ofourwildlife.Whenaballoon2.________(fly)intothesky，itdoesn’tendup3.________(stay)there.Iteventuallyburstsandreturnstotheearthasuglylitter.Balloonscaneventravelthousandsofmilesandpollutethemostremoteandpureplaces.More4.________(sad)，theycanpresentathreattomanyanimals.Birds，whales，turtlesandotheranimalsoftenmistakeballoons5.________food，whichcandodamagetothembecauseballoonscontain6.________(harm)chemicals.Balloonsevenkillanimals.Whenananimalswallowsaballoon，itcanblockitsintestinaltract(腸道)resultinginstarvation.Partofthereasonwhyreleasingballoons7.______________(permit)insomanyplacesisthatsomeballoonsdobreakdowneventually.However，ittakesaboutfouryears8.________(break)downcompletely.Watchinghundredsofballoonsslowlygoingupintotheskymightgiveyouafive－secondthrill，9.________isitworthabunchofdeadanimalsandsomanyplacesfullofrubbish?Absolutelynot.10.________weshoulddoistogetcreativeandcomeupwithalternativewaystocelebrate.livesfliesstayingsadlyforharmfulispermittedtobreakbutwhatⅣ.短文改錯(cuò)LastSunday，wewenttotheamusementparknearourhometocelebratingmybrother’sbirthday.Thetrafficwassobadthatittookusnearlytwohourtogetthere.Theparkwassocrowdingthatwecouldnohardlymove.Mybrotherwantedtogoontherollercoaster，sowejoinedthequeueandwaitforourturn.Bythetimewegottothefrontofthequeue，mysistersaidshewastoafraidtogoontheride，andevenmybrotherwaslookedabitnervous.Justthenamanannouncedthattherewereatechnicalproblemandtheridewasclose.Withsighofrelief，wewenttogetsomethingtoeat，playedsomeothergames，andthenwenthome.bythetime意為“到……時(shí)候（為止）”，是一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)，在句中經(jīng)常起連詞作用，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。它的主要用法如下：

1.如果從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，那么主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用過(guò)去完成

時(shí)，表示“截止到從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，主句動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，即過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。例如：

?Bythetimehereturnedhome，therainhadstopped.?BythetimeIgottothestation，thetrainhadalreadygone。2.如果從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)/或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（表示將來(lái)），那么主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常為將來(lái)完成時(shí)，表示“截止到將來(lái)某一時(shí)間為止，主句動(dòng)作將已經(jīng)完成”。

?Bythetimeyougetback，Ishallhavefinishedthework.3.如果主句動(dòng)作不強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)完成，只是說(shuō)明某個(gè)時(shí)候的狀況，（主句是be的系表形式或