【英語】四川省成都市成華區(qū)某校2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期一模試題(解析版)

成就未來，新教育伴你成長聯(lián)系電話：400-186-9786四川省成都市成華區(qū)某校2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期一模英語試題第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）略第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AWELCOMETODENTAL2023IMPLANTCENTERGRANDOPENING!!VISITOURNEWLOCATION3317E.10thST.,LONGBEACHSavethiscoupon(優(yōu)惠券)andyoucanenjoythemaximumdiscountinournewoffice:Singletoothimplantcostsonly$700!(A10%discountofnormal).Includingimplant,abutmentandcrown.*Duedate:03/31/24.Cannotbecombinedwithinsurancefeesorothercoupons.Newpatientsonly.NOWSERVINGYOUINTHREELOCATIONS!IRVINE:39CreekRoad,Suite210LAGUNANIGUEL:30012CrownValleyPkwy,STEBUnliketraditionalartificialteeth,whichareremovable,dentalimplantsaresurgicallyplacedintothejawboneandthentoppedwitharestorationsuchasadentalcrown.Theyfeelmuchmorenaturalthanconventionalalternatives.Additionally,dentalimplantscanhelptopreventbonedeterioration(退化)thatiscausedbymissingteeth.Thebonebeginstodeterioratewhenyouloseatoothbecauseitisnolongerbeingstimulateddaily.Thiscanleadtoseverebonelossovertime.Butbyplacingdentalimplantsintothejawbone,wecanpreservethisstructure.Ifyou’remissingone,two,orallofyourteeth,weencourageyoutovisitournewofficeinLongBeach,orcall(949)857-6757toscheduleyourappointment.Wewouldbehappytohelpyoufindthebesttreatmentplantorestoreyoursmileandhelpyouenjoybetteroralhealthsoon!1.What’stherestrictionofthecoupon?A.ItisvalidonlyonMarch31st. B.Itdoesn’tsupportphonereservation.C.Onlynewpatientscanuseit. D.Itmustbeusedwithinsurancefees.2.Whichisanadvantageofdentalimplants?A.Theycostlittlemoney. B.Theypreservethejawbone.C.Theycanbeeasilyremoved. D.Theypreventteethmissing.3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Toexplainhowtoimplantteeth. B.Tointroducethreeimplantcenters.C.Toadvertiseanewlyopeneddentalcenter. D.Topopularizetheknowledgeoforalhealth.【語篇解讀】本文是應(yīng)用文。為一則“牙科2023種植中心”的開業(yè)廣告?！敬鸢浮?.C2.B3.C1．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Duedate:03/31/24.Cannotbecombinedwithinsurancefeesorothercoupons.Newpatientsonly.(截止日期:03/31/24。不能與保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)或其他優(yōu)惠券合并使用。僅限新患者)”可知，優(yōu)惠券只有新患者才能使用它。故選C項(xiàng)。2．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Additionally,dentalimplantscanhelptopreventbonedeterioration(退化)thatiscausedbymissingteeth.Thebonebeginstodeterioratewhenyouloseatoothbecauseitisnolongerbeingstimulateddaily.Thiscanleadtoseverebonelossovertime.Butbyplacingdentalimplantsintothejawbone,wecanpreservethisstructure.(此外，種植牙可以幫助防止因缺牙而導(dǎo)致的骨質(zhì)退化。當(dāng)你失去一顆牙齒時，骨頭就開始惡化，因?yàn)樗辉倜刻焓艿酱碳?。隨著時間的推移，這會導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的骨質(zhì)流失。但是通過在頜骨中植入牙齒，我們可以保留這種結(jié)構(gòu))”可知，種植牙的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是保存了頜骨。故選B項(xiàng)。3．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)本文標(biāo)題“WELCOMETODENTAL2023IMPLANTCENTERGRANDOPENING!!VISITOURNEWLOCATION(歡迎來到牙科2023種植中心.隆重開幕!!參觀我們的新地點(diǎn))”以及最后一段“Ifyou’remissingone,two,orallofyourteeth,weencourageyoutovisitournewofficeinLongBeach,orcall(949)857-6757toscheduleyourappointment.Wewouldbehappytohelpyoufindthebesttreatmentplantorestoreyoursmileandhelpyouenjoybetteroralhealthsoon!(如果你缺了一顆、兩顆或所有的牙齒，我們建議你去我們在長灘的新辦公室，或者打電話(949)857-6757預(yù)約你的預(yù)約。我們很樂意幫助您找到最好的治療方案，恢復(fù)您的笑容，讓您早日享受更好的口腔健康!)”可推知，本文的目的是為一家新開的牙科中心做廣告。故選C項(xiàng)。BParentsoftenthinkthattheirkidsshouldbegoodatstudiesanddowellinsports.That’susuallythecasebecauseparentsfeelthatcouldgettheirchildrenadmissiontotopcolleges.However,MelissaandMarkWimmerthinkdifferently.Their14-year-oldson,Mike,isaprodigy.HeisamemberofMensa,whichistheworld’stopIQclub.Hecompletedhishighschool,associate’sandbachelor’sdegreesallinthreeyears.That’snotall.Healsorantwotechcompanies,foundedathirdonethatworkstowardscontrollingthepopulationoflionfish,aninvasive(入侵的)species.ButtheparentsareproudthattheywereabletohelpMikewithhissocialskillsalongwithhisintellectualskills.MelissatoldCNBCthatpeopleexpected“YoungSheldon”beforetheymetherson.YoungSheldonisatelevisionshowaboutachildtalentwhoisanindoormanandlackssocialskills.“ButoncetheytalktoMike,theyunderstandthathe’sjustanormal14-year-oldthathappenstobeabletodoamazingthings,”saidMelissa.MarkandMelissagottoknowabouttheirchild’sintelligencewhenheenteredpreschool.Achildpsychologisttoldthemthattheirsonwouldneedadifferentcoursetosupporthisfast-trackdevelopment.Manyparentsaren’tcomfortablewithputtingtheirchildrenwith18-year-olds,butMike’sparentssawthevalueinlettingtheirchildgothroughit.“Iwantedhimtobesocialandbeabletodealwithallthedifferentpersonalitiesintheclassroomswitholderchildren,”saidMelissa.TheparentssharedthattheywereabletodothisbylettingMikefindhisownvoiceandputittouse.“Welethimorderfoodwhenhe’s3or4fromthewaiterorwaitressandintroducehimselftopeople.Thosekindsofthingsaredonetoencouragehimtoengagewitheveryoneelseandbemorecomfortabletalkingtoothersoutsideofourenvironment,”saidMelissa.Thankstohisparents,Mikehaslearnedtogetalongwithyoungandoldalike.4.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“aprodigy”inparagraph2referto?A.Agiftedperson. B.Afamousstudent.C.Abrilliantbiologist. D.Asuccessfulbusinessman.5.WhatcanweinferaboutthechildintheshowYoungSheldon?A.Helikestomakefriends. B.Heisawell-roundedman.C.Heisapopularchildactor. D.Heispooratdealingwithpeople.6.HowdidMarkandMelissadiscoverMike’shighintelligence?A.Througharecommendationfromachildpsychologist.B.ThroughobservingMike’sbehaviorinpreschool.C.Throughparticipatinginaspecialeducationalprogram.D.ThroughtheinformationprovidedbyMike’sschoolteachers.7.WhatdoMike’sparentsdotoimprovehissocialskills?A.Teachhimsomecommunicationrules. B.Encouragehimtospeakinclass.C.Placehiminsocialsituations. D.Lethimgotoschoolalone.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了天才少年Mike的父母在助力兒子發(fā)展智力的同時，鼓勵并幫助他發(fā)展社交技能的故事?！敬鸢浮?.A5.D6.A7.C4．【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞的下文“HeisamemberofMensa,whichistheworld’stopIQclub.Hecompletedhishighschool,associate’sandbachelor’sdegreesallinthreeyears.(他是全球頂尖的智商俱樂部門薩的成員。他在三年內(nèi)完成了高中、副學(xué)士和學(xué)士學(xué)位)”可知，Mike的智商非常高，學(xué)習(xí)能力非常強(qiáng)，能迅速完成學(xué)業(yè)。由此可知，他應(yīng)該是一個天才，aprodigy意思應(yīng)該是“極具天賦的人”。故選A項(xiàng)。5．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“YoungSheldonisatelevisionshowaboutachildtalentwhoisanindoormanandlackssocialskills.(《小謝爾頓》是一部關(guān)于一個天才少年的電視節(jié)目，他是一個宅在家里的男孩，缺乏社交能力)”可知，《小謝爾頓》這部劇中的天才少年宅在家里，缺乏社交能力。由此可知，他不善于與人打交道。故選D項(xiàng)。6．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“MarkandMelissagottoknowabouttheirchild’sintelligencewhenheenteredpreschool.Achildpsychologisttoldthemthattheirsonwouldneedadifferentcoursetosupporthisfast-trackdevelopment.(Mark和Melissa在孩子上幼兒園的時候就開始了解他的智商了。一位兒童心理學(xué)家告訴他們，他們的兒子需要一個不同的處理方式來支持他的快速發(fā)展)”可知，通過一位兒童心理學(xué)家的建議，Mark和Melissa發(fā)現(xiàn)了Mike的高智商。故選A項(xiàng)。7．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中Melissa所說的話“Welethimorderfoodwhenhe’s3or4fromthewaiterorwaitressandintroducehimselftopeople.Thosekindsofthingsaredonetoencouragehimtoengagewitheveryoneelseandbemorecomfortabletalkingtoothersoutsideofourenvironment(當(dāng)他三四歲的時候，我們讓他從服務(wù)員那里點(diǎn)餐，并向人們介紹自己。做這些事情是為了鼓勵他和其他人交流，讓他更愿意和我們環(huán)境之外的人交流)”可知，Mike的父母讓他置身社交場合中，鼓勵他和其他人交流，從而提高他的社交技能。故選C項(xiàng)。CUpskillingisthefuture—butitmustworkforeveryoneAutomationandjobreplacementwillbeoneofthemostsignificantchallengesfortheglobaleconomyofthecomingdecades.A2017Mckinseyreportestablishedthat375millionworkerswillneedtoswitchoccupationalcategoriesby2030.TheWorldEconomicForumsuggeststhatby2022,automationwillreplace75millionjobsglobally—butcreate133millionnewones.Researchintothelikelihoodthatajobwillbeimpactedbydigitizationhaslargelyfocusedonthe“automatability”oftheroleandthefollowingeconomicregionalandpoliticaleffectsofthis.Whatthisresearchdoesn’ttakeintoaccountissomethingmoreimportantforthemillionsoftaxidriversandretailworkersacrosstheglobe:theirlikelihoodofbeingabletochangetoanotherjobthatisn’tautomatable.Recentresearchsuggeststhattheanswertothismaybethattheskillsthatenableworkerstomoveuptheladdertomorecomplexroleswithintheircurrentareasmightbelessimportantthanbroaderskillsthatwillenableworkerstochangeacrossdivisions.InJuly,Amazonannouncedthatitwouldspend$700millionretrainingaround30%ofits300,000USworkforce.Whilepraiseworthy,itwillbeinterestingtoseetheoutcome.IntheUK,theNationalRetrainingSchemehaslargelybeenledbyemployers,meaningthatthoseonzero-hourscontractsandpart-timeworkers—oftenlow-skilled—willmissout.Governancewillbeacrucialelementofensuringthatsuchschemesfocusonindividualsandlife-longlearning,ratherthanupskillingworkersintorolesthatwillsoonalsofaceautomation.AccordingtotheMckinseyreport,“growingawarenessofthescaleofthetaskaheadhasyettotranslateintoaction.Publicspendingonlabour-forcetrainingandsupporthasfallenforyearsinmostmembercountriesoftheOrganisationforEconomicCo-OperationandDevelopment,”whichimpactsmorethanjustthelow-skilledandpoorlycompensated.Theglobalimpactofautomationisalsoputintoreliefbyresearchdemonstratingthat,between1988and2015,incomeinequalityincreasedthroughouttheworld.BillionsofpeopledonothavetheessentialsoflifeasdefinedbytheUNSustainableDevelopmentgoals.Alongsideclimatechange,automationisarguablytech’sbiggestchallenge.Aswithglobalization,governmentsandemployers—andusworkers—ignoreitspotentialconsequencesatrisktoourselves.8.ItcanbeknownfromParagraph2that.A.recentresearchhasfoundwaystofaceautomationB.broadskillsareofgreatsignificanceinchangingjobsC.regionaleconomycanaffecttheautomatabilityofajobD.itisevenharderforworkerstomoveupthesocialladder9.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsretrainingprograms?A.Supportive. B.Critical.C.Skeptical. D.Sympathetic.10.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisoneconsequenceofautomation?A.Lessspendingontraining. B.Aslowdownofglobalization.C.Socialunrestandinstability. D.Anincreaseinincomeinequality.11.Thepassageiswrittento.A.arguetheurgencyofcreatingnewjobs B.compareglobalizationwithautomationC.analyzetheautomatabilityofcertainjobs D.stresstheimportanceofupskillingworkers【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了自動化和就業(yè)替代將是未來幾十年全球經(jīng)濟(jì)面臨的最重大挑戰(zhàn)之一，而要應(yīng)對這一趨勢，當(dāng)務(wù)之急是提高自身技能，尤其是跨部門跳槽所需的廣泛技能。文章說明了再培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目存在的問題，指出除了氣候變化，自動化可以說是科技面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)。就像全球化一樣，政府和雇主——以及美國工人——忽視了全球化對我們自身的潛在影響。【答案】8.B9.C10.D11.D8．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Recentresearchsuggeststhattheanswertothismaybethattheskillsthatenableworkerstomoveuptheladdertomorecomplexroleswithintheircurrentareasmightbelessimportantthanbroaderskillsthatwillenableworkerstochangeacrossdivisions.可知最近的研究表明，這個問題的答案可能是，使工人能夠在其目前的領(lǐng)域內(nèi)晉升到更復(fù)雜的角色的技能，可能不如使工人能夠跨部門轉(zhuǎn)換的更廣泛的技能重要。由此可知，廣泛的技能在換工作中是非常重要的。故選B。9．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中IntheUK,theNationalRetrainingSchemehaslargelybeenledbyemployers,meaningthatthoseonzero-hourscontractsandpart-timeworkers—oftenlow-skilled—willmissout.可知在英國，國家再培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃在很大程度上是由雇主主導(dǎo)的，這意味著那些簽訂零時合同的人和兼職工人——往往技能低下——將會錯過機(jī)會。由此可推知，作者對再培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃持懷疑態(tài)度。故選C。10．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中Theglobalimpactofautomationisalsoputintoreliefbyresearchdemonstratingthat,between1988and2015,incomeinequalityincreasedthroughouttheworld.可知研究表明，1988年至2015年期間，世界各地的收入不平等現(xiàn)象加劇，這也讓自動化對全球的影響得到了緩解。由此可推知，作者認(rèn)為自動化的一個后果是收入不平等加劇。故選D。11．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章標(biāo)題Upskillingisthefuture—butitmustworkforeveryone(技能提升是未來的趨勢，但它必須適用于每個人)結(jié)合文章主要說明了自動化和就業(yè)替代將是未來幾十年全球經(jīng)濟(jì)面臨的最重大挑戰(zhàn)之一，而要應(yīng)對這一趨勢，當(dāng)務(wù)之急是提高自身技能，尤其是跨部門跳槽所需的廣泛技能。文章說明了再培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目存在的問題，指出除了氣候變化，自動化可以說是科技面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)。就像全球化一樣，政府和雇主——以及工人——忽視了全球化對我們自身的潛在影響。由此可推知，這篇文章是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)提高工人技能的重要性。故選D。DInthe1770s,anEnglishdoctorcalledEdwardJennergavehisgardener’ssoncowpox(牛痘)andthendeliberatelyinfectedhimwithsmallpox(天花)totesthisassumptionthatpeoplewhowerefrequentlyexposedtocowpox,asimilarbutlessseverevirus,wouldavoidcatchingsmallpox.Itworkedandcowpoxasthevaccine(疫苗)washighlyeffective.“Vaccination”,fromtheLatinwordforcow,soonbecamecommonplace.Challengetrialsareformsofresearchwhere,ratherthanrelyingondatafromnaturalinfections,weintentionallyexposesomeonetoadiseaseinordertotesttheeffectivenessofavaccineortreatment.ThingshavechangedalotsinceJenner’stime,ofcourse,whenitwasnotuncommonfordoctorstoconductthiskindofresearch.Evenso,there’sthecontinuoussensethatthere’ssomethingimmoralaboutmakingsomeoneillonpurpose.Butthisshouldn’tblindustotheextraordinarypowerofchallengetrials.Theycouldbecomeincreasinglyimportantweaponsinthemedicalresearch,inasituationwherevaccinetechnologyisadvancingandthethreatofdiseasesjumpingfromanimalsintohumanbeingsisincreasing.Muchhasbeendonetoreducetherisksofchallengetrials.Likerespiratorysyncytialvirus(RSV),researchershaveinvolvedadultswhoareatalowriskofsevereillness.Theseactshavealreadycutdownamassiverangeofvaccinecandidates.Withtheirhelp,theworldwillsoonhavethefirstvaccinesagainstRSV,whichkillstensofthousandsofnewbornbabieseachyear.Butnotalldiseasesareliketheseones.Wedon’talwaysknowthedangersvolunteersmightface;wedon’talwayshavetreatmentsready.Whatthen?Wecould,ofcourse,justavoidthesequestionsentirely,andrelyonothertypesofresearch.Butthatdoesn’talwayswork:sometimes,animaltestingistrickyanduninformative,becausethediseasedoesn‘tdevelopinthesamewayasitwouldinhumans.Incontrast,challengetrialscanbedeeplyinformativewithinweeks,withfarfewervolunteers.Andthebenefitscanbesurprisinglyhigh.Takethelatestpandemic.Attheendoflastyear,asthenumberofdeathsisestimatedtohavereachedabout17.8million,it’salsoestimatedthat20millionhadbeensavedbyvaccines.Intheyearstocome,theywillhopefullysavemillionsmore.Inordertomakesureweareasprotectedaspossiblefromcurrentandfuturethreats,weshouldtrytogetridofthemisbeliefinchallengetrials,makingthemamorefamiliarpartofourtoolkits.Perhapsthegreatestrewardofallwouldbetomakesureparticipants’effortsareworthwhile:bydesigningtrialstobefairandeffectiveandapplyingthemwhenandwheretheymightmakearealdifference.Inshort,byhelpingthemtosavethousands,ifnotmillionsoflives.12.TheauthortellsthestoryofEdwardJennermainlyto______.A.giveadefinitionofchallengetrialsB.introducethetopicofchallengetrialsC.highlighttheeffectivenessofhisvaccineD.explaintheoriginoftheword“vaccination”13.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Theissuesbehindchallengetrialscanbesolved.B.Thedangersofchallengetrialsoutweighthebenefitstheybring.C.Challengetrialscanbenefitnumerouslivesinspiteoftheirrisks.D.Challengetrialscansetbackthedevelopmentofvaccinetechnologies.14.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A.Peopleshouldstillbecarefulaboutchallengetrials.B.Amoreopenattitudeshouldbetakentowardschallengetrials.C.Challengetrialsguaranteeparticipantsprotectionagainstthreats.D.Morevolunteersinvolvedcanimprovetheaccuracyofchallengetrials.15.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Shouldweusechallengetrialstofindcures?B.Canchallengetrialsbeablocktomedicalprogress?C.Canchallengetrialsbetheendofinfectiousdiseases?D.Shouldwereplaceanimaltestingwithchallengetrials?【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。它提供了關(guān)于醫(yī)學(xué)研究中挑戰(zhàn)試驗(yàn)的信息，并闡述了挑戰(zhàn)試驗(yàn)的優(yōu)勢和重要性。通過簡明扼要地介紹，以及使用有據(jù)可查的數(shù)據(jù)和案例，解釋挑戰(zhàn)試驗(yàn)在醫(yī)學(xué)研究中的用途和潛在效益?！敬鸢浮?2.B13.C14.B15.A12．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Inthe1770s,anEnglishdoctorcalledEdwardJennergavehisgardener’ssoncowpox(牛痘)andthendeliberatelyinfectedhimwithsmallpox(天花)totesthisassumptionthatpeoplewhowerefrequentlyexposedtocowpox,asimilarbutlessseverevirus,wouldavoidcatchingsmallpox.(18世紀(jì)70年代，一位名叫愛德華·詹納(EdwardJenner)的英國醫(yī)生讓他的園丁的兒子染上牛痘，然后故意讓他感染天花，以檢驗(yàn)他的假設(shè)，即經(jīng)常接觸牛痘(一種類似但不那么嚴(yán)重的病毒)的人會避免感染天花)”以及第二段“Challengetrialsareformsofresearchwhere,ratherthanrelyingondatafromnaturalinfections,weintentionallyexposesomeonetoadiseaseinordertotesttheeffectivenessofavaccineortreatment.(挑戰(zhàn)試驗(yàn)是一種研究形式，我們不是依靠自然感染的數(shù)據(jù)，而是故意讓某人接觸某種疾病，以測試疫苗或治療的有效性)”可知，作者講述愛德華·詹納的故事是為了介紹挑戰(zhàn)試驗(yàn)的話題。故選B項(xiàng)。13．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Evenso,there’sthecontinuoussensethatthere’ssomethingimmoralaboutmakingsomeoneillonpurpose.(即便如此，人們?nèi)匀徽J(rèn)為故意讓別人生病是不道德的)”以及第三段“Butthisshouldn’tblindustotheextraordinarypowerofchallengetrials.Theycouldbecomeincreasinglyimportantweaponsinthemedicalresearch,inasituationwherevaccinetechnologyisadvancingandthethreatofdiseasesjumpingfromanimalsintohumanbeingsisincreasing.(但這不應(yīng)該讓我們忽視挑戰(zhàn)試驗(yàn)的非凡力量。在疫苗技術(shù)不斷進(jìn)步、疾病從動物傳染給人類的威脅日益增加的情況下，它們可能成為醫(yī)學(xué)研究中越來越重要的武器)”可知，盡管有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但挑戰(zhàn)試驗(yàn)可以使許多生命受益。故選C項(xiàng)。14．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Inordertomakesureweareasprotectedaspossiblefromcurrentandfuturethreats,weshouldtrytogetridofthemisbeliefinchallengetrials,makingthemamorefamiliarpartofourtoolkits.Perhapsthegreatestrewardofallwouldbetomakesureparticipants’effortsareworthwhile:bydesigningtrialstobefairandeffectiveandapplyingthemwhenandwheretheymightmakearealdifference.Inshort,byhelpingthemtosavethousands,ifnotmillionsoflives.(為了確保我們盡可能免受當(dāng)前和未來的威脅，我們應(yīng)該努力消除對挑戰(zhàn)試驗(yàn)的誤解，使其成為我們工具箱中更為常見的一部分。也許最大的回報(bào)將是確保參與者的努力是值得的：通過設(shè)計(jì)公平、有效的試驗(yàn)，并在可能產(chǎn)生真正差異的時間和地點(diǎn)應(yīng)用這些試驗(yàn)。簡而言之，通過幫助他們拯救成千上萬，甚至數(shù)百萬人的生命)”可知，本文作者想告訴我們對挑戰(zhàn)試驗(yàn)應(yīng)采取更開放的態(tài)度。故選B項(xiàng)。15．【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Challengetrialsareformsofresearchwhere,ratherthanrelyingondatafromnaturalinfections,weintentionallyexposesomeonetoadiseaseinordertotesttheeffectivenessofavaccineortreatment.ThingshavechangedalotsinceJenner’stime,ofcourse,whenitwasnotuncommonfordoctorstoconductthiskindofresearch.Evenso,there’sthecontinuoussensethatthere’ssomethingimmoralaboutmakingsomeoneillonpurpose.(挑戰(zhàn)試驗(yàn)是一種研究形式，我們不是依靠自然感染的數(shù)據(jù)，而是故意讓某人接觸某種疾病，以測試疫苗或治療的有效性。當(dāng)然，與詹納的時代相比，情況發(fā)生了很大變化，當(dāng)時醫(yī)生進(jìn)行這類研究并不罕見。即便如此，人們?nèi)匀徽J(rèn)為故意讓別人生病是不道德的)”以及縱觀全文可知，本文講述了盡管有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但挑戰(zhàn)試驗(yàn)可以使許多生命受益，并且目前已采取很多方法來降低這種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，呼吁人們對挑戰(zhàn)試驗(yàn)應(yīng)采取更開放的態(tài)度。所以A項(xiàng)“Shouldweusechallengetrialstofindcures?”是本文最好的標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Manyofussetgoals,butsometimeswefailtoachievethem.Therearemanycauseswhywedon’tmanagetorealizeourgoals.____16____Thereisaway,though,tohelpaddressthisproblem:setreminders.Peopleemployapsychologicalstrategycalledcognitive(認(rèn)知的)offloading,whereweuseaphysicalactiontoreducedemandsonourbrain.Specifically,wemayoutsourceourintentionsfrombeingstoredinourbrainstoremindersoutsideourhead.____17____Understandingthebenefitsofcognitiveoffloadingcanimproveourabilitytorememberandfollowthroughwithourintentions.Thebiggestbenefitissimplythatitimprovesmemoryperformance.Itincreasestheprobabilitythatwewillworktowardsthegoalsweneedtoreach.____18____“Themoreweoffloadunimportantinformation,suchasitemsonashoppinglist,themorewecanuseourbrainforthosemoresignificantcognitivetasks,suchascreativity,”saidSamGilbert,professorattheUniversityCollegeLondon.____19____Still,therearepotentialnegativepartsforit.Wearemorelikelytoforgetwhatweoffloadedifwenolongeraccessourstorage,suchaswhenoursmartphonedies.Wealsotendtooffloadtheimportantthingswemostwanttoremember.Inasurprisetestwheretheirreminderswerewipedclean,theparticipantsweremorelikelytoforgettheimportantitemsandrecalltheunimportantones,thatis,themoreimportanttheintentionwewanttoremember,themorelikelywearetooffloadit—andtoforgetit.We’dbettertendtocreatereminderswhenwethinkweneedthem,butnotnecessarilywhenwedoneedthem.____20____“Ifourunderstandingofourmemoryabilityiswrong,thissuggeststhatwewilleitheroveruseorunderusereminders,”Gilbertsaid.“Wecanlearnbynoticingthetimesthatwehaveforgottentodosomethingandcouldhaveusedreminderstohelp.”A.Cognitiveoffloadinghasnoticeablebenefits.B.Onecommonreasonisthatwesimplyforgetthem.C.Besides,itcanfreeupourlimitedcognitiveresources.D.Agoodexamplecanbedocumentsonoursmartphonecalendars.E.Theprocessofcognitiveoffloadinghelpsusidentifyfalseinformation.F.Ourbeliefsabouthowgoodourmemoryisdirectlyinfluencewhetherwesetthem.G.Otherexpertssayit’stoosoontounderstandhowcognitiveoffloadingaffectsourbrains.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。介紹了認(rèn)知卸載的好處和壞處，以及什么時候創(chuàng)建提醒?！敬鸢浮?6.B17.D18.C19.A20.F16．【解析】根據(jù)前文“Therearemanycauseswhywedon’tmanagetorealizeourgoals.(我們無法實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的原因有很多)”可知，此處是說明無法實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的原因，所以B項(xiàng)“Onecommonreasonisthatwesimplyforgetthem.(一個常見的原因是我們只是忘記了它們)”符合主題，并引出下文“Thereisaway,though,tohelpaddressthisproblem:setreminders.(不過，有一個方法可以幫助解決這個問題：設(shè)置提醒)”。故選B項(xiàng)。17．【解析】根據(jù)前文“Peopleemployapsychologicalstrategycalledcognitive(認(rèn)知的)offloading,whereweuseaphysicalactiontoreducedemandsonourbrain.Specifically,wemayoutsourceourintentionsfrombeingstoredinourbrainstoremindersoutsideourhead.(人們采用一種叫做認(rèn)知卸載的心理策略，即我們用身體動作來減少對大腦的需求。具體來說，我們可能會把我們的意圖從儲存在大腦里外包給大腦外的提醒)”可知，此處講述了設(shè)置提醒具體方法，所以D項(xiàng)“Agoodexamplecanbedocumentsonoursmartphonecalendars.(一個很好的例子就是我們智能手機(jī)日歷上的文檔)”是對此方法的具體舉例，符合文意。故選D項(xiàng)。18．【解析】根據(jù)前文“Understandingthebenefitsofcognitiveoffloadingcanimproveourabilitytorememberandfollowthroughwithourintentions.Thebiggestbenefitissimplythatitimprovesmemoryperformance.Itincreasestheprobabilitythatwewillworktowardsthegoalsweneedtoreach.(了解認(rèn)知卸載的好處可以提高我們的記憶能力和貫徹我們的意圖的能力。最大的好處就是提高了記憶性能。它增加了我們朝著我們需要達(dá)到的目標(biāo)努力的可能性)”可知，此處在講述了解認(rèn)知卸載的好處，根據(jù)后文““Themoreweoffloadunimportantinformation,suchasitemsonashoppinglist,themorewecanuseourbrainforthosemoresignificantcognitivetasks,suchascreativity,”saidSamGilbert,professorattheUniversityCollegeLondon.(倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院的教授山姆·吉爾伯特說：“我們越不去想那些不重要的信息，比如購物清單上的東西，我們就越能把大腦用于那些更重要的認(rèn)知任務(wù)，比如創(chuàng)造力?！?”是在講述另一個好處，所以空處應(yīng)是C項(xiàng)“Besides,itcanfreeupourlimitedcognitiveresources.(此外，它可以釋放我們有限的認(rèn)知資源)”符合文意，描述另一個好處，引出下文。故選C項(xiàng)。19．【解析】分析設(shè)空，位于段首，根據(jù)后文“Still,therearepotentialnegativepartsforit.(不過，它也有潛在的負(fù)面影響)”可知，空處應(yīng)是承上啟下的作用，由上文介紹好處，轉(zhuǎn)到講述缺點(diǎn)，所以A項(xiàng)“Cognitiveoffloadinghasnoticeablebenefits.(認(rèn)知卸載有明顯的好處)”符合文意，承接上文，并和后文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選A項(xiàng)。20．【解析】根據(jù)前文“We’dbettertendtocreatereminderswhenwethinkweneedthem,butnotnecessarilywhenwedoneedthem.(當(dāng)我們認(rèn)為我們需要提醒時，我們最好創(chuàng)建提醒，但不一定是在我們確實(shí)需要的時候)”以及后文““Ifourunderstandingofourmemoryabilityiswrong,thissuggeststhatwewilleitheroveruseorunderusereminders,”Gilbertsaid.(吉爾伯特說：“如果我們對記憶能力的理解是錯誤的，這表明我們要么過度使用提醒，要么使用不足?！?”可知，空處應(yīng)是過渡句，所以F項(xiàng)“Ourbeliefsabouthowgoodourmemoryisdirectlyinfluencewhetherwesetthem.(我們對自己記憶力好壞的看法直接影響到我們是否能記好)”是對前文的進(jìn)一步說明，并引出下文。故選F項(xiàng)。第三部分英語知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共2小題：每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Pharez,aformerstudentofmine,isnowateacheratmyhighschool.Shewalkedbymeinthe____21____thisafternoonandsaidwithasmile,“Ms.Harris,Iknowyouloveourwordoftheweek—integrity(誠實(shí)正直).IhearditontheannouncementsthismorningandI____22____thoughtofyou.”Ireplied,“ThankyouPharez,that____23____myday.”Shewentontosay,“Ialways____24____youtalkingtousaboutintegrityand____25____andhowimportanttheywere.”I____26____heragainandshe____27____downthehallway.AsIreflectonthis____28____,itbringsasmiletomyface.Ofthemany____29____thatshecouldassociatewithme,thefactthatsheassociatedtheword“integrity”isimportant_____30_____ofmyinfluenceasaneducator.Ibelievethatshe_____31_____theideaofhonestyandmoralcharacterwithmebecauseoftheexampleIhave_____32_____withmylife.It_____33_____tomindapopularquote---“Letusnotgrowtiredindoing_____34_____,forattherighttimewewillgainaharvest,ifwedonotgiveup.”Iam_____35_____fortheremindertoday—whenitseemsthatnooneis____36____it,theimportantvaluesarebeingcaughtand_____37_____ifIjustkeep“doingtherightthing”.Asateacher,Iknowin_____38_____youcannotseethe_____39_____ofaday’swork.Itis_____40_____andremainsso,maybefortwentyyears.21.A.gallery B.office C.hall D.classroom22.A.immediately B.casually C.rarely D.potentially23.A.excites B.makes C.puzzles D.builds24.A.catch B.forget C.keep D.remember25.A.participation B.fortune C.character D.prejudice26.A.comforted B.thanked C.believed D.encountered27.A.continued B.took C.looked D.brought28.A.interaction B.negotiation C.decision D.cooperation29.A.colors B.interests C.words D.tastes30.A.confusion B.wisdom C.exercise D.proof31.A.mentioned B.connected C.shared D.made32.A.followed B.set C.made D.taken33.A.calls B.comes C.keeps D.flashes34.A.little B.nothing C.wrong D.good35.A.helpful B.faithful C.grateful D.delightful36.A.getting B.questioning C.facing D.stealing37.A.thrownaway B.calledoff C.figuredout D.passedon38.A.communicating B.training C.teaching D.supporting39.A.vegetable B.fruit C.end D.pay40.A.unbelievable B.unpredictable C.respectable D.invisible【語篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要講述作者昔日的一位學(xué)生成了自己的同事。一天，兩人在走廊上相遇，作者的學(xué)生說起早上在報(bào)告中聽到“誠實(shí)正直”一詞時，瞬間聯(lián)想到了作者，回想起作者總是談及誠實(shí)正直與品格的重要性。這次互動也提醒了作者，只要自己堅(jiān)持去做對的事，這些重要的價值觀總會被理解并且傳遞下去?！敬鸢浮?1.C22.A23.B24.D25.C26.B27.A28.A29.C30.D31.B32.B33.A34.D35.C36.A37.D38.C39.B40.D21．【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：今天下午，她在走廊從我身邊走過，并笑著說。A.gallery畫廊；B.office辦公室；C.hall走廊，大廳；D.classroom教室。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“I________heragainandshe_____downthehallway.”可知，在交談過后，她繼續(xù)沿著走廊走去。由此可以推斷，兩人是在走廊相遇的。故選C。22．【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我今天早上在公告上聽到了，我立馬就想起了你。A.immediately立刻，馬上；B.casually隨意地；C.rarely很少；D.potentially有潛力地。根據(jù)下文“Shewentontosay,‘Ialways________youtalkingtousaboutintegrityand_______andhowimportanttheywere.”可知，作者以前向她講過“誠實(shí)正直”的重要性，所以聽到這個詞，她立馬想到了作者。故選A。23．【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：謝謝你Pharez，這真的讓我高興。A.excites使興奮；B.makes制作；C.puzzles使困惑；D.builds建立。根據(jù)上文“Ms.Harris,Iknowyouloveourwordoftheweek—integrity(誠實(shí)正