專題九非謂語動(dòng)詞

專題九非謂語動(dòng)詞中考總復(fù)習(xí)綜合訓(xùn)練叢書連接中考非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中不可單獨(dú)用作謂語，不受主語人稱和數(shù)的限制，在句中可以用作其他句子成分。非謂語動(dòng)詞有三種形式：___________、_______和_____。動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)名詞分詞一、動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式在句中可以作除謂語以外的一切成分：主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、主語補(bǔ)足語、表語、定語和狀語。1.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)，往往用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語（動(dòng)詞不定式）置于句末。常用句式：“Itis(not)＋adj.＋(for/ofsb.)todosth.”e.g.Toswimintheriverisdangerous.＝______________________________在這條河里游泳是危險(xiǎn)的。It’sdangeroustoswimintheriver.2.作表語，往往置于連系動(dòng)詞be,seem等之后。e.g.Myjobis____________________.我的工作是照看我的妹妹。3.作賓語。常見的后面接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：agree,begin,start,decide,exanage,want,try,wish,forget,remember,helething_________.我有事要告訴你。tolookaftermysistertoclosethedoortotellyou5.作狀語，表明目的、結(jié)果或原因等。e.g.Mylittlesisteristooyoung______________.我的小妹太小而不能上學(xué)。（結(jié)果狀語）Heo__________________________.我請(qǐng)求他給我看看他的新詞典。togotoschooltocomeintowritetometoshowmehisnewdictionary注意：（1）常接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有want,ask,tell,warn,wish,wouldlike,order,use,invite,get,allow,expect,encourage,hate等。但在使役動(dòng)詞（_____________）和感官動(dòng)詞（_________________________等）后，要把作賓補(bǔ)的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中的to省略。make,let,havesee,hear,watch,notice,feel（2）不定式可以和疑問詞who,what,which,why,when,how,where等連用，構(gòu)成“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，通常用于下列動(dòng)詞之后：tell,teach,know,wonder,learn,show,findout,ask,understand等。e.g.Whentogotherehasn’tbeendecidedyet.什么時(shí)候去那兒還沒定下來。（_______）Canyoutellmewheretoexchangethemoney?你能告訴我哪里能換錢嗎？（_______）Theishowtotellherthenews.問題是該怎么把這個(gè)消息告訴她。（______）作主語作賓語作表語二、動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞由“動(dòng)詞原形＋ing”構(gòu)成，與現(xiàn)在分詞同形。動(dòng)名詞既有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)，也有名詞的性質(zhì)，可作主語、賓語、表語或定語。1.作主語________________________isbadforourhealth.吃太多垃圾食品對(duì)我們的健康有害。注意：動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作主語，在許多情況下可以通用，但動(dòng)名詞作主語多表示抽象或多次的行為，不定式作主語則表示具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作。2.作表語e.g.Mymother’sjob__________.我母親的工作是做飯。Eatingtoomuchjunkfoodiscooking3.作賓語e.g.Idon’tmind__________thatstoryagain.我不介意再聽一遍那個(gè)故事。注意：其后常接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞詞組有：finish,enjoy,ind,keeiss,avoid,suggest,beworth,havefun/difficulty/trouble(in),wastetime(in),can’thelember,try,stop,forget,hate,goon等。listeningtothesinginggroup【溫馨提示】既可接動(dòng)名詞又可接動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語的動(dòng)詞有：______________忘了做過某事______________忘了去做某事（未做）__________________記得做過某事__________________記得去做某事（未做）____________嘗試做某事____________盡力做某事______________繼續(xù)正在做的事______________繼續(xù)做另外一件事forgetdoingsth.forgetdoingsth.rememberdoingsth.remembertodosth.trydoingsth.trytodosth.goondoingsth.goontodosth.____________停止正在做的事____________停下來去做另一件事______________意味著______________打算做某事______________某事需要被做（被動(dòng)含義）______________需要去做某事（主動(dòng)含義）_______________后悔做了某事（已做）_______________后悔去做某事（未做）stopdoingsth.stoptodosth.meandoingsth.meantodosth.needdoingsth.needtodosth.regretdoingsth.regrettodosth.三、分詞分詞分為_________和_________。1.區(qū)別：（1）現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)。e.g.Theman_____________________isourteacher.站在窗戶旁邊的那個(gè)人是我們的老師。Thebuilding____________hasbecomeourlab.去年建的樓已成了我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)室?，F(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞standingbythewindowbuiltlastyear（2）現(xiàn)在分詞表示事物本身所具有的性質(zhì)，意為“令人……的”；過去分詞表達(dá)由外界引起的內(nèi)心活動(dòng)，意為“感到……的”。e.g.the_______news令人興奮的消息the______look激動(dòng)的表情常用的還有：interesting/interestedtiring/tired,surprising/surprisedboring/bored（3）現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，過去分詞表示已完成的動(dòng)作。e.g.______leaves正在飄落的樹葉_____leaves落葉（已落下）__________countries發(fā)展中國家_________countries發(fā)達(dá)國家excitingexcitedfallingfallendevelopingdeveloped2.用法：（1）作定語：單個(gè)分詞作定語一般放在所修飾的詞的前面，短語作定語通常放在所修飾的詞的后面。e.g.Thequestion______________isimuststudyhard.作為一名學(xué)生，我必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。（原因狀語）Heranoutoftheroom,______(cry)loudly.他大聲哭著從房間里跑出來。（伴隨狀語）beingdiscussedexcitedBeingcrying（3）作表語。e.g.Themovieis__________.這部電影很有趣。Thedooris_______(break).門壞了。（4）作賓語補(bǔ)足語，一般用在see,hear,notice,feel,have等動(dòng)詞之后與賓語構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。e.g.Isawacat_______(run)acrossthestreet.我看見一只貓跑過街道。Imusthavethebike________(repair).我必須找人修理自行車。interestingbrokenrunningrepaired注意：不定式與分詞都可跟在某些動(dòng)詞之后作賓語補(bǔ)足語。不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的全過程;現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生;過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語側(cè)重于表示被動(dòng)的概念。e.g.Whentheywentintotheschool,theysawsomeboys________football.當(dāng)他們走進(jìn)校園時(shí)，他們看見一些男孩在踢足球。（正在做）Doyouoftenseethem_____basketball?你?？此麄兇蚧@球嗎？（全過程）Hesakehimself______clearly.他大聲說以便讓別人聽清他的話。（他的話被聽到）playingplayheard鞏固練習(xí)I.根據(jù)句意，用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Isiteasy__________(learn)aforeignlanguage?2.Mymotherwillneverallowme________(do)that.3.Jimfinished__________(read)thebooklastnight.4.Theyrefused__________(ybrotherexadeyou__________(think)so?7.IsawMary__________(sit)atthewindow,thinking.readingtodotolearntoprovidetovisitthinksitting8.Ginaremembered__________(close)thedoor,butitisoycousinislookingforwardto__________(enter)college.10.Doyoumind__________(wash)clothesfortheoldething.Youmustbehungry.closingenteringwashingtoanswertodohavingtoeat15.__________(drink)toomuchcoffeeisbadforyoursleer.BlackhasbeeninChinafortenyearsandnowheisusedto__________(eat)Chinesefood.17.Withoutglasses,Grandmahastrouble__________(read)thenews.Itseemstobewindytonight.19.It’simake)anoisewhenyouareeatingnoodles.20.Martinwassobusy__________(helejobatlast.Drinkingeatingreadingtoclosetomakehelping鞏固練習(xí)II.單項(xiàng)選擇()1.Wheneverwekidscomeover,AuntieSusanjuststandsthereandwatchesus_____surewedon’tbreakanything.(2017·河南)A.make B.made C.tomake D.making()2.—Ididn’thearyoucomeinjustnow.—That’sgood.Wetried_____anynoise,foryouweresleeake B.nottomake C.notmaking()3.—Jackhasn’ttakenhise.—Heisconsidering_____hisoretimeonhisstudy.(2017·湖北鄂州)A.todrop B.tothrow C.dropping D.throwing()4.TrytosingmoreEnglishsongs,andyouwillfinditinteresting_____aforeignlanguage.A.learning B.learns C.tolearn()5.—IthinkyoushouldstoinEnglish.—Isee.Hecan’tunderstandEnglishatall.LetmetryinFrench.A.talkingto B.totalkto C.totalkingto()6.aybeindanger.A.tomeet B.nottomeet C.meeting()7.LisaisalittlepooratChinese.Ithinksheneeds______iteveryday.A.practicetospeak B.topracticespeaking C.practicespeaking()8.Thehouseistoosmallforhisfamily______.A.tolivein B.livinginC.livein()9.—Wouldyoulike_____came?—I’dliketo.ButI’mbusydoingmyhomework.A.togo B.going C.go()10.—Canyouhele?Ihavesomedifficulties_____Jayind______here?(2017·黑龍江龍東)—Ofcoursenot.I’ll______mycigaretteatonce.A.notsmoking;oking;oke;putoff()12.—Where’sMr.Yang,doyouknow?—Well,it’shardtosay.ButIsawhim_____afootballgamejustnow.A.waswatching B.watching C.hadwatched()13.Johnwasma