斷路器中英文對(duì)照外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)

PAGE1中英文對(duì)照外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)(文檔含英文原文和中文翻譯)外文文獻(xiàn)：CircuitBreaksWithinafewyearsoftheintroductionofthefuse，thegrowingelectricalindustrystartedlookingforanalternativemethodofprovidingprotectionforelectriccircuits．Theywantedadevicethatwouldnotbedestroyedbyitsoperation，thatcouldsimplyberesettorestorepower,andthatcouldalsobeusedasameansofswitchingforthecircuit．Outofthisdevelopmentworkcamethecircuitbreaker．whichisanelectromechanicaldevice．Thecircuitbreakerisdefinedasadevicedesignedtoopenandcloseacircuitbynon-automaticmeansandtoopenthecircuitautomaticallyonapredeterminedover-currentwithoutinjuretoitselfwhenproperlyappliedwithinitsrating.Aswithotherequipment，circuitbreakersaredividedintothoseratedfor1000voltsandlessandthoseratedformorethan1000volts．Low-voltagecircuitbreakerswerealsodividedintotwodistinctcategories，molded-caseandpowertypes．However，inthepastfewyearsthedistinctionbetweenthesetwotypeshasbecomelessclea-cutasanewtypeofencasedbreakerareuniversallyoperatedinair,soitisnotnecessarytodesignatethemasaircircuitbreakersasthisunderstood．Mediumandhigh—voltagebreakers，ontheotherhand，usemediumsotherthanairinwhichtoopenthecircuitandthereforemustbedesignatedasbeingair,gas，andsoon．Apartfromhavingdifferentvoltageandcontinuouscurrentratings．breakershavewidelydifferentinterruptingratings，responsecharacteristics，andmethodsofoperation．Theproperapplicationofcircuitbreakersrequiresagoodknowledgeofallthecharacteristicsandoptionsavailableforeachtype．Thesimplestcircuit—openingdeviceisthemanuallyoperatedknifeswitch．Thisswitchhasthebasicpartsrequiredofanycircuit—openingdevice：afixedcontact,amoving，anoperatinghandle，andabase—plateorflame．Howeverasanyonewhohasopenedaknifeswitchunderloadhaswitnessed，thereisaluminousdischargedrawnbetweentheseparatingcontactsoftheswitch．Thisdischargeiscalledanarc，anditconsistsofastreamofpositiveandnegativeions.Thecurrentflowinginacircuitcannotbeinstantaneouslyinterrupted．Asaresult，thearccontinuesuntiltheswitchcontactshaveseparatedfarenoughtofinallyextinguishthearc．Thearccanmaketheopeningoftheswitchveryunsafeandunreliablewheninterruptingacircuitbreakermustprovideasaferandmorereliableinterruptingaction.Thefollowingarethemeansbywitchlow—voltagecircuitbreakerscanbemadetosafelyinterruptlargefaultcurrentswithaminimumofcontactdamage．1．Fastspeedofoperation．Thedurationandseverityofanarcdependsinpartonthespeedwithwitchthecontactscanbeseparated，thereforepowerfulspringareusedtorapidlyforcethecontactsopen．Thesespringsarecompressed(charged)duringtheclosingoperation．Thebreakercontactsarethenmechanicallyheldclosedandarereleasedbyaseparatetripmechanism．Anoperatorcaninitiatetheopeningofthebreakerbuthasnocontroloverthespeedwithwhichthecontactsseparate．2．Useofarcingcontacts．Thearcburncancausepitting，whicheventuallyaffectstheabilityofthecontactstocarrytheloadcurrentwhenclosed．Tooffsetthis,twoparallelsetsofcontactsareusedforeachpoleofthebreaker，amaincurrentcarryingsetandanauxiliaryorarcingset．Whenthebreakeristrippedopen,themaincontactsseparatefirst，transferringthecurrentflowtothearcingcontacts．Thearcingcontactsthenseparateasplitsecondlate，drawingthearcbetweenthemandleavingthemaincontactsfreeofanyarcing．Thisallowsthesurfacesofthemaincurrentcarryingcontactstobemadeofhigh—conductivitymetalsuchassilver，thesurfacesofthearcingcontactsarethenmadeofatougheralloybetterabletowithstandtheeffectsofarcing．3．UseofarcchutesParallelplatesenclosedintheformofachutearemounteddirectlyabovethearcingcontacts．Asthearcingcontactsseparate,theresultingarecreatesastrongmagneticfieldthatforcesthearcupwardintotheplates．Thearcstreamisthenbrokenintoaseriesofsmallarcs，whicharequicklycooled，deionized，andextinguished．Theionizedgasescreatedbythearestreammustbedeionizedbeforetheyareexpelledfromthearcchute；otherwise，secondaryarcingcouldoccurbetweenthelinesideterminalsofthebreaker,whicharestillenergized．中文譯文：斷路器在引入保險(xiǎn)絲的這幾年，電氣行業(yè)開始尋找一種保護(hù)電路的替代方法。它們想要一個(gè)不會(huì)被自身操作毀壞的器件，這種器件可以簡(jiǎn)單的被重置恢復(fù)供電，并且也可以作為一種開關(guān)電路的方法。伴隨著這種發(fā)展，斷路器應(yīng)運(yùn)而生了。斷路器是一種機(jī)電設(shè)備。按定義為按設(shè)計(jì)非自動(dòng)通、斷電路，當(dāng)按其額定值正確應(yīng)用時(shí)，它能夠在預(yù)設(shè)的一個(gè)過(guò)電流的情況下自動(dòng)斷開電路。像其它設(shè)備一樣，斷路器分為1000伏及以下和超過(guò)1000伏的幾個(gè)電壓等級(jí)。低壓斷路器也可分為兩種不同的類型，模塑外殼式和框架式。然而，在過(guò)去的幾年里，伴隨著一種新型的斷路器的普遍使用，這兩種類型之間的區(qū)別已經(jīng)變得不那么明顯了，因此沒有必要去以現(xiàn)有的定義去指定他們?yōu)榭諝鈹嗦菲鳌Ａ硪环矫?，中、高壓斷路器，使用非空氣的媒介打開電路，因此必須被指定為空氣、煤氣等等。除了有不同的電壓和額定連續(xù)電流外，斷路器具有多種不同的開斷電流，響應(yīng)特性和操作方法。斷路器的正確應(yīng)用程序需要掌握每個(gè)類型的所有特性和內(nèi)容。最簡(jiǎn)單的電路開啟裝置是手動(dòng)操作的刀閘開關(guān)，這個(gè)開關(guān)有任何電路所需的基本組成部分：一個(gè)固定機(jī)構(gòu)，一個(gè)可動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)，一個(gè)操作手柄和一個(gè)基板—木制的或瓷質(zhì)的。不過(guò)，當(dāng)有人在帶負(fù)荷情況下斷開刀閘，就會(huì)看到在兩個(gè)開關(guān)觸點(diǎn)之間有發(fā)光放電現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生。這被稱為電弧放電，它由正離子和負(fù)離子流組成。電路中的電流流動(dòng)不能被瞬間切斷。因此，電弧繼續(xù)直到開關(guān)觸點(diǎn)已經(jīng)分開足夠距離，最后電弧熄滅。當(dāng)斷開時(shí)電弧使觸電的斷開很不安全和不穩(wěn)定，一個(gè)斷路器必須提供一個(gè)更加安全可靠的斷開動(dòng)作。下面是一個(gè)低壓斷路器可以被用作以最小的觸電損失去安全的斷開大的故障電流的方法：1.快速操作。電弧的持續(xù)時(shí)間和嚴(yán)重程度取決于觸電部分分開的速度，因此強(qiáng)有力的彈簧被用在快速斷開觸點(diǎn)上。在合閘過(guò)程中這些彈簧被壓縮（儲(chǔ)能）。然后斷路器觸點(diǎn)機(jī)械支持關(guān)閉并且被一個(gè)單程機(jī)構(gòu)釋放。操作員可以控制斷路器的通斷但是無(wú)法控制觸點(diǎn)分離的速度。2.電弧接觸機(jī)構(gòu)的使用。電弧燒傷可引起點(diǎn)蝕，這最終將影響當(dāng)關(guān)閉時(shí)觸點(diǎn)接觸負(fù)載電流的能力。為了彌補(bǔ)這一點(diǎn)，兩個(gè)平行的接觸套用于每個(gè)斷路器的極，一個(gè)主要的載流