八下十單元全單元

Unit10I’vehadthisbikeforthreeyears.SectionA1a-2dDoyouknow?1.Lookatthethingsattheyardsale.yardsale

庭院舊貨出售這是國外的一種風(fēng)俗，也是一種獨特的售貨方式。人們利用周末，將家中擱置不用的物件放在自家庭院中廉價出售，因而被稱作yardsale，也可譯作“庭院拍賣會”。Languagepoints庭院售賣的物品種類繁多，應(yīng)有盡有，大到家具、電器，小到玩具、衣物和鞋帽。這些物品雖多數(shù)為二手家什，但也有全新的物品，且價錢合理公道，甚至還可討價還價正是這種低廉、公道的價格及買家淘寶和碰大運的心理，使得yardsale廣受歡迎，逐漸演變成一種獨特的文化現(xiàn)象。1aLookatthethingsattheyardsale.Doyouhaveanyofthesethingsathome?Howlonghaveyouhadthem?LanguageGoal:Talkaboutpossessionsandthingsaroundyou.

(1).for+表示一段時間的短語(2).since+表示過去時間點的詞語(3).since+表示過去時間的時間狀語從句eg.Ihavebeenateacher______ayear.Hehasbeenatthisschool_______1992.Wehavelearned1,000Englishwords_______wecametothisschool.forsincesince現(xiàn)在完成時句中常見的時間狀語A.表示從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,不能是具體的過去時間。for和since在現(xiàn)在完成時中的應(yīng)用for與since都能與現(xiàn)在完成時連用，但區(qū)別較大：（1）for后須接“時間段”HehasstudiedEnglishforfiveyears.他學(xué)英語5年了。（2）since后須接“時間點”

HehasstudiedEnglishsince1999.他從1999年開始學(xué)英語。（3）二者可以轉(zhuǎn)換for+一段時間=since+一段時間+agoHehasbeenhereforfiveweeks.=Hehasbeenheresincefiveweeksago.他到這兒已經(jīng)有五個星期了。如：HehastaughtheresincehecametoChina.自從他來到中國就在這兒教書。Wehavebeenfriendssincewemetinschool.我們從在學(xué)校見面起就成為了好朋友。(4)since能引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句(主句用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句用一般過去時)，而for則不能。（5）現(xiàn)在完成時常用句型：①Itis(hasbeen)+時間段+since+時間狀語或從句ItisfourdayssincelastFriday.從上周五到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)四天了。IthasbeentwoyearssinceJimcametoBeijing.吉姆來北京已經(jīng)兩年了。（7）二者引出的時間狀語往往用howlong提問?！狧owlonghaveyouhadthisbook?這本書你買多久了?—Foraweek./Sinceaweekago.買一周了。選擇for或since填空：Ihavebeenhere_____fivemonthsago.2.Hehasbeenasoldier____abouttwomonths.3.Greatchangeshavetakenplace_____youleft.4.Hisgrandpahasbeendead____tenyears.5.IhavestudiedEnglish______I

was12yearsold.6.Itistwoyears_________Ibecameapostgraduatestudent.sinceforsinceforsincesince即學(xué)即練1bListenandcheck(?)thefactsyouhear.____Jeff’sfamilyishavingayardsale.____Amythinksitshardtosellheroldthings.____ Jeffhashadhisbikeformorethan10years.____Amywantstokeepheroldthingsbecause

theybringbacksweetmemories. ____Youcanalsogiveoldthingsawaytopeople

inneed.???Amy：Youhavesomegreatthingsatthisyardsale,Jeff.Jeff：Thanks,Amy.Ourfamilyhascollectedsomanythingsovertheyears,butwedon’t

usethemanymore.Amy:Butisn’tithardtosellsomeofyourthings?TherearemanythingsI’vehadsinceIwas

achild.(Idon’tthinkIcouldsellthem.)翻譯Jeff:Yes,itshardtosaygoodbyetocertainthings.Amy:Bytheway,howlonghaveyouhadthatbikeoverthere?TapescriptsJeff:I’vehaditforthreeyears!Ilearnedhowtorideabikeonit.Amy:Oldthingsreallybringbacksweetmemories.Butit’struethatwemayneverusesomeofthesethingsagain.Jeff:Yes,likeoldtoysorbooksyou’vealreadyread.Youcansellthose,oryoucanalsogivethemawaytokidsorpeoplewhoneedthem.Amy:Oh!Howmuchisthisbook?Jeff：Youcanhaveitfor75cents.1cPracticetheconversation.Thenmakeconversationsaboutotherthingsinthepictureabove.A:Thisisareallyoldbook.B:Yes,I’vehaditforsevenyears.I’vereaditthreetimes.A:Whyareyousellingit?B:BecauseIdon’treaditanymore.A:Howmuchisit?B:Youcanhaveitfor75cents.練習(xí)題:

It'salongtimesincewe____(meet)last,isn’tit?

2.--Iknowyou___________(choose)apicturebookamongthese.

--Yes,Havealookatit,please.

3.Sofar,spaceshipswithoutpeople___________(reach)themoonandsomeotherpartsoftheuniverse.

4.Myfather____homefornearlythreeweeks.

A.hasgoneawayfrom

B.hasleft

C.hasbeenawayfrom

D.wentaway

5.Mr.andMrs.Greenhave_____inChinaforaweek.

A.been

B.got

C.arrived

D.reachedmethavechosenhavereachedCA2aListenandcheck(?)thethingsAmy'sfamilyaregivingawayandcirclethethingstheyarekeeping.bookmagazinetoybeartoyliontoytigerbreadmaker sweaterdress hat scarf ??????2bListenagainandfillintheblanks.Amyhashadherfavorite_____forthreeyears.2.Amyhashadthetoy______sinceshewasa_______.3.Amy’smomhashadtheoldbreadmakerformorethan______years,4.Amycangiveawaythe_______and______becausetheydonotfitheranymore.bookbearababytensweaterdressMom:Letslookthroughthisboxofoldthingsanddecidewhattogiveaway.Amy：IthinkIwanttokeepthisbook.I’vehaditforthreeyears.EventhoughI’vealreadyreadittwice,it’sstillmyfavoritebook.Butwecangiveawaythemagazine.Mom:Whataboutthesesofttoys?Amy:IwanttokeepthebearbecauseI’vehaditsinceIwasababy.IthasspecialmeaningtomebecauseGrandmagaveittome.TapescriptsI’llgiveawaythelionandtiger.Mom:OK.Andthisoldbreadmakerofminecango,too.I’vehaditformorethan10years.AuntTaylorboughtanewoneformelastweek.Amy:That’sgreat.Wecanstillhavehomemadebread.AndIcangiveawaythissweateranddress,too.Theydon’tfitmeanymore.ButIwanttokeepthehatandscarfforiceskating.Mom:Great.Youcantakethesethingstothechildren’shometomorrowthen.A:Amy,canwegiveawaythesesofttoys?B:Mom,Iwanttokeepthebear.A:Why?It’ssoold.B:BecauseI’vehaditsinceIwasababy.2cStudentAisAmy'smom.StudentBisAmy.Makeconversations.2dRole-playtheconversation.Linda:WelcometotheSunshineHomeforChildren.I’mLinda.Amy:Hi,I’mAmy.Ihavesomethingsforthekids.I’vehadthismagazineforacouple

ofmonths.Thestoriesinsidemaybeabitold,butthey'restillinteresting.Linda:Great!Manychildrenherelovereading.Amy:Andcheckoutthesesofttoysandboardgamesforyoungerkids.I’vehadthemsinceIwasachild.There’salsoasweaterandadress.Linda:Perfect!Wealwaysneedtoysandclothes.Amy:Onelastthingisabreadmaker.Mymomshaditforalongtimebutitstillworks.Linda:Thankssomuch!3aReadthearticlewrittenbyafatherforanewspaper.Whatishisfamilygoingtosellattheyardsale?Mychildrenaregrowingupfast.Mydaughteris16andmyboyisalreadyinjuniorhighschool.Astheygetbiggerourhouseseemstogetsmaller.Sowewanttosellsomeofourthingsinayardsaleandgivethemoneytoachildren’shome.Wehavealreadyclearedoutalotofthingsfromourbedrooms.Wehavedecidedtoeachsellfivethingsthatwenolongeruse.Mysonwasquitesadatfirst.Althoughhehasnotplayedwithhisoldtoysforalongtime,hestillwantedtokeepthem.Forexample,hehasownedatrainandrailwaysetsincehisfourthbirthday,andheplayedwithitalmosteveryweekuntilhewasaboutseven.Andhedidnotwanttolosehistoymonkey,either.Hesleptnexttothemonkeyeverynightwhenhewasachild.Mydaughterwasmoreunderstanding,althoughshealsofeltsadtopartwithcertaintoys.Asforme,Ididnotwanttogiveupmyfootballshirts,but,tobehonest,Ihavenotplayedforawhilenow.Iamgettingolder,too!Whydidtheydecidetohaveayardsale?2.Whatdotheywanttodowiththemoneyfromthesale?3.Whydoesthesonwanttokeephistrainandrailwayset?Astheirchildrengetbiggertheirhouseseemstogetsmaller.Theywanttogavethemoneytoachildren’shome.Becausehehasownedthetrainandrailwaysetsincehisfourthbirthday,andheplayedwithitalmosteveryweekuntilhewasaboutseven.4.Howcantheoldtoysbeusefulagain?5.Haveyoueverthoughtabouthavingayardsaletosellyourthings?Whatwouldyoudowiththemoneyyouraise?Theycangiveawaytheoldtoystopeopleinneedorsellthemformoney.Students’answers.3cFindthewordsorphrasesinthearticlewhichcanbereplacedwiththeonesbelowandwritethemnexttothewords.lose—________kids—________truthful—__________many—________sometime—________eventhough—_______quickly—______older—______partwithchildrentobehonestalotofforawhilealthoughfastbigger副詞anymore亦可寫作anymore，常用于否定句的末尾，意思是“再（不）；(不）再”。not???anymore相當于not???anylonger，2.BecauseIdon’treaditanymore.因為我不再看它了。例如：Youcanhaveit,forIdon’tneeditanymore.你可以把它拿走，因為我不再需要它了。Thedoctortoldmenottoplaycomputergamesanymore.大夫叫我別再玩電腦游戲了。3.BecauseI’vehaditsinceIwasababy.

因為我還是個嬰兒的時候就擁有它了。since(自從……）常常引導(dǎo)短語或從句，用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句子中。since引出從句時，從句中一般使用過去時。再如：I’vehadthesesofttoyssinceIwasachild.我還是個孩子的時候就有這些毛絨玩具了。Sincethatunfortunateaccidentlastweek,Ihaven'tbeensleepingatallwell.自從上周發(fā)生了那次不幸的事故之后，我一直睡得很不好。4.I’vehadthismagazineforacouple

ofmonths.

這本雜志我買了幾個月了。1）acoupleof

有兩種意思：其一，表示具體的數(shù)量“兩個”，指兩個相同的人或物體；其二，表示數(shù)量不定的“少數(shù)幾個”，作這種虛指的用法時，具體意思往往視上下文和具體的語境而決定。例如：Youhavetowaitforacoupleofhoursfortheclothestodrycompletely.你得等上一兩個小時讓這些衣服完全干燥。Look!Thereareacoupleofboyswaitingforyouatthedoor.瞧!門口有兩三個男孩正在等你。2）介詞for也常用在現(xiàn)在完成時的句子中，后面引出表示時間的詞或短語，說明某種情況已經(jīng)持續(xù)了一段時間。再如：Jeffhashadhisbikeformorethan10years.杰夫已經(jīng)擁有他的自行車超過10年了。5.Wehavedecidedtoeachsellfivethingsthatwenolongeruse.我們決定每人出售五件不再使用的物品。(1)此句中wenolongeruse是由that引導(dǎo)的定

語從句，修飾前面的名詞fivethings。(2)句中nolonger的意思是“不再；不復(fù)”，有時可用not...anylonger或not...anymore替換。再如：Henolongerliveshere.(=Hedoesn'tlivehereanymore/anylonger.)他不再住這兒了。3)each在句中對we進行限定，表示“(兩個或兩個以上的人或物中）各自；每個”。再如：MysisterandIeachhaveanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.我和姐姐各有一本英漢詞典。tobehonest是英語口語中一個常用表達，表示“說實話；老實說”。英語中類似的表達還有：tobefrank,意思是“坦率地說”。例如：Tobehonest,Idon’tlikehimverymuch.老實說，我不太喜歡他。Tobeperfectlyfrank,Ithinkthat’sacrazyidea.坦白相告，我認為那是個荒唐的主意。6.…but,tobehonest,Ihavenotplayedforawhilenow.但是,說實在的,現(xiàn)在我已經(jīng)有一段時間沒玩了。Unit10I’vehadthisbikeforthreeyears.SectionB______amuseum ____aprimaryschool ___abridge____azoo ____apark____ahill____alibrary ____ariver1aCheck(?)theplacesorthingsyoucanfindinyourtownorcity.DoesMartinlikeJenny’shometown?2.DoesJennystillliveinherhometown?1bListenandanswerthequestions. No,Shedoesn’t.She’sbeenawayforthepastfewyears.Yes,HethinksJenny’shometownisreallybeautiful.3.Whatisbehindthesciencemuseum?WhatdopeopledothereonweekendsThere’sareallybigparkbehindthemuseum.Manyfamiliesgothereonweekendstoletthekidsrunaroundandclimbthehills.1cListenagainandfillinthechartabouttheplacesinJennyshometown.PlaceNeworold?Howlonghasitbeenthere?townlibrarysciencemuseum restaurantdownthestreetoldaroundhundredsofyearsnewsincelastAugustoldaroundforaslongasIcanrememberMartin:Hey,Jenny,yourhometownisreallybeautiful.Jenny:Yes,I’vebeenawayforthepastfewyears,butIstilllovethistown.Eventhoughit'sold,it’sfullofinterestingplacestoseeandthingstodo.Martin:Wow,lookatthatbuilding!I’veneverseenanythinglikeit!TapescriptsJenny:Yes,that’soneoftheoldestbuildingsinthistown.It’sbeenaroundforhundredsofyears.It'snowthetownlibrary.Martin:Whataboutthebuildingnexttoit?Jenny:Oh,that’sthenewsciencemuseum.It’sonlybeenheresincelastAugust.There’sareallybigparkbehindthemuseum.Manyfamiliesgothereonweekendstoletthekidsrunaroundandclimbthehills.Martin:Nice.Canwecheckitout?Jenny:Sure.Butfirst,let'shavelunchatthisrestaurantdownthestreet.It’sbeenaroundforaslongasIcanremember.Itservesthebestfoodintown.A:Mycityislovely.B:Whataresomeofthespecialplacesthere?A:Well,there’saconcerthallthere.It’sbeenaroundforatleast20years.1dTalkaboutyourtown/citywithapartner.JimisinJapan.Hearrivedtherethreedaysago.__________________________________2.Theyareveryhungry.Theirlastmealwastenhoursago.________________________________________________________________4aRewritethesentencesusingfororsince.JimhasbeeninJapanforthreedays.Theyareveryhungrybecausetheyhaven’thadtheirmealfortenhours.3.Ihaveacamera.Iboughtitin2009._______________________________4.IknowAnna.Ifirstmetherthreeyearsago.___________________________________5.Lindaisill.ShebecameillonMonday.____________________________________Ihavehadacamerasince2009.IhaveknownAnnaforthreeyears.LindahasbeenillsinceMonday.1.I______________(neverbe)tothewaterparkbefore.Iwantto____(go)nextmonthbeforetheweathergetstoocold.2.They_______________ (neverown)anypets,butthey____________(alwayswant)tohaveadog.3.We__________(have)apianosincelastNovember.We_________(buy)itfromtheLifamilywhentheymovedtotheUSlastyear.4bFillintheblankswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.haveneverbeengohaveneverownedalwayswanthavehadbought4.CathyandAmy_____________(notbe)backtotheirhometownfortwoyears.They______(miss)theirhometownalotandhopetovisittheplacenextyear.5.Thismuseum__________(be)hereforover20years.It_____(be)oneoftheoldestbuildingsinthissmalltown.haven’tbeenmisshasbeenis4cFillinthequestionsandasktwostudents.Thencompletethechart.1.Doyouhavea(n)_________?Howlonghaveyouhadit?2.Doyouowna(n)__________?Howlonghaveyouownedit?ThingsHowlongTonyfavoritebookfortwoyearsbasketballsincehewas10yearsoldstudent1student21.WhydomillionsofChineseleavethecountrysideeveryyear?2aAnswerthequestionsbeforeyouread.Thenreadthepassagetofindoutifyouranswersarethesameasinthepassage.MillionsofChineseleavethecountrysidetosearchforworkinthecities.2.Howoftendoyouthinkthesepeoplevisittheirhometowns?3.Whatnewbuildingsdoesthegovernmentusuallybuildintownsandvillages?Theymayonlyvisittheirhometownsonceortwiceayear.Somepeopleevenhavenotimetoreturnhome.Largehospitals,newroads,newschools,parksandsoon.UsingPreviousKnowledgeWecanoftenguesswhatatextisaboutbyusingwhatwealreadyknow.Answeringquestionsbeforewereadcanalsohelpusdothis.Somepeoplestillliveintheirhometown.However,othersmayonlyseeitonceortwiceayear.Nowadays,millionsofChineseleavethecountrysidetosearchforworkinthecities.AmongtheseisZhongWei,a46-year-oldHometownFeelingshusbandandfather.HehaslivedinWenzhouforthelast13years.Withahardjobinacrayonfactory,hedoesn’tfindmuchtimetovisithishometown.“Iusedtoreturnhomeatleastonceayear,butIhaven'tbeenbackforalmostthreeyearsnow.Itsashame,butIjustdon’thavethetime,”hesays.ManypeoplelikeZhongWeiregardwithgreatinteresthowtheirhometownshavechanged.Perhapslargehospitalsandnewroadshaveappeared.Inmanyplaces,thegovernmenthasalsobuiltnewschoolsandsentteachersfromthecitiestohelp.“Inoticedthat’strueofmyhometown,”addsZhongWei.“Childrenhavelearnedtoreadandcountatmyoldprimaryschoolsincethemid-20thcentury.Butnowthebuildingsarereallyold.Iheartheyregoingtobuildanewschoolthere.”ZhongWeithinkssuchdevelopmentsaregood,andhealsoknowsthathishometowncannotalwaysstaythesame.AccordingtoZhongWei,however,somethingswillneverchange.“Inmyhometown,therewasabigoldtreeoppositetheschool.Itisstillthereandhasbecomequiteasymboloftheplace.Mostofthechildreninmytimelikedtoplaytogetherunderthatbigtree,especiallyduringthesummerholidays.Itwassuchahappychildhood.Ourhometownhasleftmanysoftandsweetmemoriesinourhearts.”It’sashame,butljustdon’thavethetime…實在是遺憾，但我就是沒句吋間… It’sashame.

是一種常見的口語表達，表示一種不如人愿的情形（anunhappysituation),相當于漢語中“真遺憾；多可惜啊”的意思。It’sashame...之后還可接不定式或由that引導(dǎo)的從句。例如：LanguagepointsA:Ididn’thaveenoughmoneytobuytheguitarIwanted。我沒有足夠的錢，買不了我想要的吉他。B:It’sashame!真是遺憾呀！It’sashametocoverthisbeautifultablewithatablecloth.把這張漂亮的桌子用桌布蓋起來真是可惜。It’sashamethatyouhavetoleavesosoon.真遺憾你這么快就要走了。shame還可表示“(因做錯事而感到的）羞愧；慚愧”，例如：Hisfaceburnedwithshame.他的臉因羞愧而發(fā)燙。2bFindexpressionsinthepassagethathavethesamemeaningsasthesewordsandphrases.1.lookfor _________ 2.consider_________ 3.acrossfrom__________ 4.inone’sopinion_______________

5.goback_______6.changes_____________7.area_____________ searchforthinkoppositeaccordingtosb.returndevelopmentsplace2cCompletethesummarywithwordsfromthepassage.Youmayneedtochangetheformsofthewords.ManyChinesepeoplethesedaysleavetheir__________toworkinthe________.Theyusually____________totheirhometownsoneortwotimesa______.ZhongWeihasn’tbeenbackinclosetothreeyears.Hehasbeenworkingina_________ factoryinWenzhouforthepast13years.hometownscitiescomebackyearcrayonPeoplelikehimare__________ _inhowtheirhometownsarechanging.Newbuildingsareoftenbuiltbythe___________ .ZhongWeithinksthesechangesare_______becausethingsneedtochangeinordertobecomebetter.Buthealsothinkssomethings___________change,andhishometownisstilltheplacethatholdsallhischildhood___________.interestedgovernmentgoodwillnevermemories2dThinkofchangesthatarehappeninginyourtownorcitytoday.Whichchangesaregenerallygood?Whichchangescouldbeseenasbad?Ihaven'tbeentoamuseum___________________.2.Ihaven’twrittenaletter_____________.3.Ihaven'triddenabike________________________. 1Completethesentencesusingfororsince.SelfChecksincefouryearsagoforfiveyearsformorethanhalfayear4.Ihaven'tseenamovie__________________.5.Ihaven'tplayedcomputergames______________.forseveralmonthssincelast

term.

A:HeyEric,_______youenjoyedyourtimeinBeijingsofar?B:Yes,it____beengreat!Everyoneissofriendly.A:Howlong_______youbeeninChinanow?B:Oh,I_________here_____abouttwoyearsnow.2Completetheconversation.havehashavehavebeenforA:Wow,thatmeansyouhaven’t_________backtotheUSfortwoyears?B:No；I_______beenbacktwice _______movingtoChina._______youbeentotheUSbefore,LiJuan?A:Yes,IwentthereoncewhenI____10yearsold,butI____notbeenback______then.beenhavesinceHavewashavesince1.Howlonghaveyouhadit?2.Howdidyougetit?Didsomeonegiveittoyou?Who?3.Whydoyoulikeitsomuch?Whyisitspecial?4.Canyousayanythingmoreaboutit?3aThinkaboutyourfavoritethingfromchildhoodwhichyoustillhave.Forexample,itcanbeatoyorabook.Thentakenotesusingthequestions.WritingMyfavoritethingfromchildhoodisasmallbike.I'vehaditforabouttenyears.Mygrandpagaveittome.It'sspecialtomebecausemygrandpadoesn'thavemuchmoney.It'shardforhimtobuyitasmyfourthbirthdaypresent.Ithasgivenmemanymemories.Iusedtorideitfollowmygranpaorwenttoschoolonit.IalmostrodeiteveryweekuntilIwasten.Iloveit.Iwillkeepitforever.Unit10I’vehadthisbikeforthreeyears.SectionAGrammarFocus現(xiàn)在完成時：

表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或保存的狀態(tài)。結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has+動詞的過去分詞一般疑問句：have/has…?Yes,Ihave.No,Ihaven’t.Yes,shehas.No,shehasn’t.Revision1.現(xiàn)在完成時動詞構(gòu)成have/has+v過去分詞助動詞否定haven’thasn’t疑問Haveyou…?Hashe…?常與下列時間狀語連用：just,already,yet,ever,never,before,severaltimes現(xiàn)在完成時1.過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。和already，never,ever,just,before,yet等狀語連用。2.過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，常與for或since引起的一段時間狀語連用。動詞構(gòu)成：have/has+v過去分詞havebreakfastIhavejusthadmybreakfast.(現(xiàn)在我不餓)I’mnothungrynowmovedherein2004IstilllivehereIhavelivedhereforthreeyears.Ihavelivedheresince2004/threeyearsago.nowpast2.現(xiàn)在完成時動詞可以表示開始于過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(也許還會繼續(xù)進行下去)的動作或狀態(tài)。1)IhavestudiedEnglishsincelastyear.我從去年開始學(xué)習(xí)英語。2)ShehaslivedinBeijingforfiveyears.她住在北京已經(jīng)五年了。注意:come,go,leave,arrive,buy,lose,receive,join,die,bury和marry等動詞所表示的動作是一時的,不能延續(xù)的,故不能與for…,since…等開頭的表示一段時間的狀語連用。不過,這些詞用于否定句則可以與表示持續(xù)的時間狀語連用，即動作的不發(fā)生是可以持續(xù)的。3.現(xiàn)在完成時把過去的動作和現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果聯(lián)系起來，一般過去時只限于表示過去的動作本身,與現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果無關(guān)?，F(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時在意義上的區(qū)別舉例如下：Ihavecleanedmyroom.(Myroomiscleannow.)我已經(jīng)打掃過我的房間了。Icleanedmyroomlastweek.(Ididitinthepast.)我上周打掃了我的房間。Fatherhas

gone

toAmoy.(HewenttoAmoyandheisnotherenow.)爸爸已經(jīng)去廈門了。Theyhave

boughtadictionary.(Theyboughtadictionaryandtheyhaveitnow.)他們買了一本字典。注意:

現(xiàn)在完成時不能和明確指出時間的狀語(如:yesterday,last,year,in1976,twodaysago,justnow,whenshecamein等)連用，但可以和不明確指出時間的狀語(如:already,yet,ever,never,sometimes,always,often,before,once,twice,recently,lately等)連用；也可以和表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間狀語(如：today,thismorning,thisweek,thisyear等)連用。everjustalreadyyete.g.Haveyou_____beentoJapan?Ihave_____finishedmyhomework.Ihavefinishedmyhomework______.

Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomework____.B.just,already,yet,before/ever,never有此類副詞時,常強調(diào)動作完成,不強調(diào)動作的持續(xù).already“已經(jīng)”;yet“仍然,還”

這兩個副詞常常用于完成時態(tài),其中already常用于肯定句,yet常用于否定句和疑問句中。如:Jimhasalreadyfinishedhiswork.Jim已經(jīng)把他的工作做完了。Motherhasn’tcomehomeyet.媽媽還沒回來。Haven’tyoureadTheCalloftheWild

yet?你還沒讀過《野性的呼喚》嗎？

現(xiàn)在完成時：表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或保存的狀態(tài)，強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用（如：in1990，lastSunday等）。

一般過去時：一般過去時只表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系（即動作或狀態(tài)在現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束），它可以和表示過去的時間狀語連用?，F(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別：have/has+V過去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。如：Have

you

read

that

story？你讀過那個故事嗎？（“讀”這一動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在造成的影響是：是否知道故事的內(nèi)容。）

I

have

bought

two

apples．

我買了兩個蘋果。

（“買”這一動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是：擁有兩個蘋果。）

4.在現(xiàn)在完成時中

ever,

never,

just,

already,

yet在用法和意思上有什么區(qū)別？

在學(xué)習(xí)這一概念的同時，還應(yīng)注意常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的幾個副詞：already,just,ever,yet,never等。already,just多用于肯定句中，ever,yet,never多用于疑問句和否定句中。如：I

have

already

finished

my

homework．我已經(jīng)做完家庭作業(yè)了。

He

has

just

had

his

meal．他剛吃過飯。Have

you

ever

sung

this

English

song？你曾唱過這首英文歌嗎？

They

haven‘t

started

yet.他們還沒有身。

We

have

never

heard

of

it．我們從來沒有聽說過這件事。(2).

Have(has)

been

to意為“曾經(jīng)去過某地”，表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了。可與just,

ever,

never等連用。如：I’ve

just

been

to

the

post

office.

我剛才去郵局了。

Have

you

ever

been

to

Hangzhou?

你曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？Mary

has

never

been

to

the

Great

Wall.

瑪麗從未去過長城。

例如：HehasgonetoHongKong.他到香港去了。(他已前往香港,或在途中,或已到達。說話人暗示他現(xiàn)在不在現(xiàn)場)Hehas

been

toHongKong.他曾到過香港。(說話人認為他過去到過香港,現(xiàn)在已不在該地。言外之意他對香港有所了解)②Thisisthefirst(second…)timethat+從句句型中的that從句通常使用現(xiàn)在完成時。如：ThisisthefirsttimethatJennyandDannyhavebeentoChina.這是珍妮和丹妮第一次來屮國。ThisisthethirdtimethatIhaveseenKaren.這是我第三次見到Karen。非延續(xù)性動詞和延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換leave—beawayborrow—keepbuy—havebegin/start—beondie—bedeadfinish---beoveropensth—keepsthopenfallill—beill

getto/arrive/reach—be(in),leave—beawayfrom,gettoknow—know,go(get)out—tieout，puton—wear,catchacold—haveacold,getmarried—bemarried等。

1.Both

his

parents

look

sad.Maybethey

________what's

happened

to

him.Ａ.

knew

Ｂ.

haveknown

Ｃ.

mustknow

Ｄ.willknow2.He

has

_____been

to

Shanghai,has

he?Ａ.

already

Ｂ.never

Ｃ.ever

Ｄ.still一、單項選擇。BBExercises3.Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyearＡ.is

writing

Ｂ.was

writing

Ｃ.wrote

Ｄ.has

written4.--Ourcountry

______alotsofar.--Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.Ａ.has

changed;well

Ｂ.

changed;goodＣ.has

changed;betterＤ.

changed;betterDC

5.ZhaoLan______already

______inthisschoolfortwoyears.Ａ.was;studying

Ｂ.will;studyＣ.has;studied

Ｄ.are;studying6.We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.Ａ.know

Ｂ.

had

known

Ｃ.have

known

Ｄ.

knewCC7.HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.Ａ.

will

see

Ｂ.

have

seen

Ｃ.

saw

Ｄ.see8.–ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.–Really?When_____

there?Ａ.will

they

go

Ｂ.

did

they

goＣ.

do

they

go

Ｄ.

have

they

goneBB9.--______you___your

homework

yet?--Yes.I_____

it

a

moment

ago.Ａ.

Did;do;finished

Ｂ.

Have;done;finishedＣ.

Have;done;have

finished

Ｄ.

will;do;finishB10.His

father

______the

Party

since

1978.Ａ.

joined

Ｂ.

hasjoined

Ｃ.

wasinＤ.

has

been

in11.--Doyouk