廣西桂林市2021-2022學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語試題

廣西桂林市2021-2022學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語試題學(xué)校班級姓名學(xué)號一、閱讀理解Didyouevertakethebesttrainridetogetafirst-handviewofaplace?Herewego.Trans-SiberianRailway,RussiaTheTrans-SiberianRailwayis5,772mileslong,makingitoneoftheworld'slongesttrainroutes—itgoesacrossRussia!YoustartinMoscow,crosstheUralMountainsandthentheSiberianforest.Overthecourseofeightdays,you'llwitnessLakeBaikal,theworld'slargestfreshwaterlakebyvolume.GlacierExpress,SwitzerlandTheGlacierExpressconnectstwobreathtakingmountainresorts:ZermattandSt.Moriz.Alongtheway,you'llenjoytheastonishingbeautyoftheSwissAlpsandridepastgreatgrassland,mountainlakesandacrosstheOberalpPassat6,706feethigh.Thisday-longjourneyalsofeatures91tunnelsand291bridges.JacobiteSteamTrain,ScotlandDespiteitsshort84-mileroundtrip,you'llseealotontheJacobiteSteamTrain.YourjourneybeginsintheScottishHighlandsnearGreatBritain'shighestmountain,BenNevis.Whileintransit（途中），you'llseegreenhills,smalltowns,andcrossoverthefamousGlenfinnanbridgeoveravalley.BelmondHiramBingham,PeruNamedaftertheAmericanexplorerwhorediscoveredtheIncasitein1911,Belmond,therouteitselfis57milesandlastsaboutthreeandahalfhoursineachdirection.ThistripbeginsattheancientcapitalcityofCusco,goesthroughtheSacredValleyoftheIncas,andendsattheWorldHeritageSiteintheAndesMountains.【小題1】WhichtraingoesthroughtheSiberianforest?A．GlacierExpress.B．JacobiteSteamTrain.C．Trans-SiberianRailway.D．BelmondHiramBingham.【小題2】WhatdoweknowaboutBelmondHiramBingham?A．ItwasinhonorofanAmericanexplorer.B．Ithasaboutthreehours'roundtrip.C．Itwasbuiltin1911byanexplorer.D．ItendsintheSacredValley.【小題3】WhatdoGlacierExpressandJacobiteSteamTrainhaveincommon?A．Theystartfromancientcapitalcities.B．Theyareamongtheworld'slongesttrainroutes.C．Theybothpassthroughforests,lakes,valleysandmountains.D．Theypresenttouristswiththebeautifulsceneryalongtheway.Whatdoyoudoattheendofthedaywhenyou'refinishedwithworkandatlasthavesometimeforyourself?Howyouspendyourfreetimecanhaveabigeffectonyourmentalhealth.Hobbiescanhelpyourelaxandeasepent-up（被壓扌抑的）stresscausedbyallthattimeintheofficeorinfrontofthecomputer.But,interestingly,howyouspendyourfreetimecanalsoaffectyourworkperformance.ResearchersattheUniversityofSheffield'sInstituteofWorkPsychologyintheUKfoundthatdevelopinghobbiescanimproveyourconfidenceabouthowwellyouperformyourjob.Butthereisonewarning:Yourhobbyhastobesignificantlydifferentfromwhatyoudofrom9-to-5work.Tostudytheconnectionbetweenworkandleisureactivities,researchersemployed129peoplewhoworkedandwereactivelyinvolvedinhobbieslikerockclimbing,playingfootball,musicaltheaterandsinging.Theyhadthemcompletesurveystoseehowseriousandcommitted（投入的）theyweretotheirhobbiesandhowdemandingtheirjobswere.Then,eachmonthforsevenmonths.participantswereaskedhowmanyhourstheyspentontheirhobbiesandhowtheyrated（評估）theirabilitytoperformatwork.Researchersfoundthatifpeoplehavehobbiessimilartowhattheydoatworkandthattheydoinanintense（高度集中的）way,their-on-the-jobconfidencecansuffer.It'slikelybecausetheirworkandleisuretimehavethesamementalandphysicaldemands,sothey'realwaysfeelingdrained.Thoseplayfulrecreationsactasabarrierbetweentheirprofessionalandpersonallives,givingthemresttimeto“recharge

theirbatteries”,saidtheleadresearcherCiaraKelly.“Whenwefeellikewehavetheconfidencetodealwithchallengesinourjobs.We'remorelikelytobeabletobuildasustainable（可持續(xù)的）jobandremainhealthy,productive,happyandemployableoverourlifetimes.It'simportanttoconsiderhowourleisureactivitiesmightplayaroleinthatprocess.Soit'simportantthatyoushouldmakethebestofyoursparetimeandchooseahobbythatbenefitsyourjob.”【小題l】Whydohobbiesthataredifferentfrompeople'sworkcanimprovetheirworkingperformance?A．Becausethehobbiesrequiremorephysicalstrength.B．Becausethehobbiescanmakepeoplemoreenergetic.C．Becausethehobbiesdemandmorecomputerskills.D．Becausethehobbieshavecloserconnectionwiththeirmajors.【小題2】Whatdoestheunderlinedword“drained”intheParagraph3probablymean?A．Confused.B．Tired.C．Energetic.D．Excited.【小題3】Whatdoestheauthormainlytellusinthetext?A．Theadvantagesofpersonalhobbies.C．Therelationshipbetweenhobbiesandjobs.A．Theadvantagesofpersonalhobbies.C．Therelationshipbetweenhobbiesandjobs.D．Thesecretofbeingexcellentinyourprofession.Ifyoufalloffabike,you'llprobablyendupwithacinematicmemoryoftheexperience:thewindinyourhair,thepebble（鵝卵石）ontheroad,thenthepain.That'sknownasanepisodicmemory（情景記憶）.Andnowresearchershaveidentifiedcellsinthehumanbrainthatmakethissortofmemorypossible.Thecellsarecalledtimecells,andtheyplaceasortoftimestamponmemoriesastheyarebeingformed.Thatallowsustorecallsequences（順序）ofeventsorexperiencesintherightorder.“Byhavingtimecellscreatethisindexingacrosstime,youcanputeverythingtogetherinawaythatmakessense,”saysDrBradleyLega.Timecellswerediscoveredinrodents（嚙齒動物）decadesago.Butthenewstudyiscriticalbecausethefinaljudgeisalwaysthehumanbrain.

Legaandhisteamfoundthetimecellsbystudyingthebrainsof27peoplewhowereawaitingsurgeryforsevereepilepsy（癲癇）.“Thetimecellsthatwefoundaremarkingoutseparatepartsoftimewithinthisabout30-secondwindow,”Legasays.“Thesetimestampsseemedtohelppeoplerecallwhentheyhadseeneachword,andinwhatorder,”hesays.Andthebrainprobablyusesthesamewaywhenwe'rerelivinganexperiencelikefallingoffabike.Inanotherexperiment,scientistscomparedthememoriesofagroupofpeoplewhohadjustfinishedatourthatincludedseveralstagedevents.Alloftheparticipantsrememberedmostofthethingstheyhaddone,includinglockingupabikeandgettingadrinkfromawaterfountain.Butpeoplewithdamagetothehippocampus（海馬體）wereunabletoputtheseeventsintherightorder.Buteventhoughtimecellsarecriticalincreatingsequence,theyreallyaren'tlikeclocks,whichtickatasteadypace.Instead,theticksandtocksoftimecellsareconstantlyspeedinguporslowingdown,dependingonfactorslikemood.Legasays,“WhenweareaskingwhenCOVID-19willbeover,it'svery,veryslow.Butwhenyouarehavingagoodtime,timeflies.”【小題1【小題1】HowdotimecellsworkA．Byrecoveringourlossofmemory.C．Byarrangingtherightorderofexperiences.【小題2】Whichofthefollowingexperiments?A．Damagedcellsaffectourmemory.C．Memoryproblemsarecommon.【小題3】WhatcanweinferfromA．Thespeedoftimecellsischangeable.C．Mooddecidestimespeed.【小題4】WhatcanbeasuitableA．HowTimeCellsAreDiscoveredinhumanmemory?B．Byhelpingformmemorableevents.D．Byidentifyingothercellsinthehumanbrain.hasbeenprovedbythetwoB．Somecellshavetimestamps.D．Timecellsdoexistinourbrain.thelastparagraph?B．Timeisjustarelativeconcept.D．Sequencesarecreatedbytime.titleforthetext?B．WhySomeMemoriesSeemlikeMoviesC．WhetherThereAreTimeCellsinD．WhatMakesUsRememberThingsOurBrainClearly二、七選五Foodispartofwhoweare.It'spartofourhabitsandcultures.Sadly,welovefood,butwedon'ttakecareofit.【小題1】.Herearewaystohelpusloveourfoodbetterandgrowrespecttheworldbehindwhatweeat.Reduceyourfoodwaste.Buyonlythefoodyouneed,learntoloveuglyfruitsandvegetables,storefoodwisely,donateexcessandturnleftoverfoodintothenextday'smeals.Whenwewastefood,alltheresourcesusedforgrowing,processing,transportingandmarketingthatfoodarewastedtoo.【小題2】.Supportyourlocalfoodproducers.Chefsgetawards,starsandrecognitionfortheircreations.Butwhataboutourfarmers,【小題3】.Aren'tfarmerstherealheroes?Shopatyourlocalmarketsandgettoknowyourfarmers.Givingthemyourbusinessisgivingthemyourrecognitionandrespect.Adoptahealthier,moresustainablediet.【小題4】.Wegetourenergyandmaintainourhealthfromgoodfood.Wenormallydon'tpayattentiontothepowerthatfoodandnutritionhaveoverourbodies.Weneedtorespectthatfoodisfuel.Toomuchofit,ortoomuchofonlyonekindofit,canleadtoobesityordiet-relateddiseases.【小題5】.Bytreatingeachmealwithpride,werespectthefarmerswhoproducedit,theresourcesthatwentintoitandthepeoplewhogowithout.Respectcanbepassedon.Talktothepeoplearoundyouandtothenextgenerationaboutmakinginformed,healthyandsustainablefoodchoices.A．HaveaconversationB．LearnwherefoodcomesfromC．OurbodiesrunoffofcaloriesandnutrientsD．Formanypeopleontheplanet,foodisagivenE．FoodissomuchmorethanwhatisonourplatesF．AboutonethirdofallfoodproducedgloballyislostorwastedG．Withoutthem,wewouldn'thavethefreshfoodweneedonadailybasis三、完形填空Iftherewasasubjectatschoolthatmademeanxious,itwasscience.So,whenmyhusbandandIdecidedtohomeschoolourdaughters,wemadea:HewouldteachsciencewhileIwouldhandleeverythingelse.Recently,whileoutonmymorninghikebeforestartinglessons,Ithattheskywasabeautifulblue,andtheairwasfilledwiththesmellofflowers.That'swhyIdecidedthattheday'slessonswouldbeoutside，althoughmydaughtershadn'thadanyscienceclassesfrommyhusbandsincemyhusbandwastoobusy.Ireturnedtothehousetogetthegirls.Weheadedupintotheforest,ourselvesbyapondthatrarelyhadanyvisitors.MydaughterSaoirsebeganpondweedsandcatchingfrogs,myotherdaughterUlalookedatme,waitingtobe.Ihandedheradrawingboardandthecoloredpencils.“We”Itoldher,“andseeifsomethingcomesalong.Justwhat'saroundyou.”Weworkedformorethananhour,speaking.Abirdflewacrossthewater,andthensettledinfrontofafallenlog（原木）.IquicklytoldUla,thatshe'dnotseenthecreature.Butshehad.Anhourlater,shefinishedherpicture,andIdownatit.Shedrewthebirdonherpaperwithaccuracy.Therewasoneotherinterestingaboutthisdrawing:Shealsodrewme,sittingbesideher.Ithenrealizedthefoundationofscienceisasenseof;Itisn'taboutaccuratelyrecitingwordsfromatextbook.Itisfirstandforemostaboutsteppingoutsideourlivesand

marvelingattheworldaroundus.Andfromthatday,Iinsistedonmyhusband'sdutyasthescienceteacher.【小題1】A．changeB．dealC．mistakeD．scene【小題2】A．recognizedB．observedC．noticedD．a(chǎn)cquired【小題3】A．horribleB．strangeC．particularD．sweet【小題4】A．taughtB．reviewedC．preparedD．a(chǎn)pplied【小題5】A．a(chǎn)tonetimeB．forawhileC．inthemeantimeD．inamoment【小題6】A．focusedB．inspiredC．readyD．cheerful【小題7】A．refreshingB．expressingC．evaluatingD．settling【小題8】A．pickingupB．bringingupC．givingupD．settingup【小題9】A．sinceB．whileC．a(chǎn)lthoughD．therefore【小題10】A．praisedB．checkedC．instructedD．followed【小題11】A．restB．pauseC．gatherD．wait【小題12】A．drawB．a(chǎn)ppreciateC．writeD．measure【小題13】A．frequentlyB．barelyC．loudlyD．calmly【小題14】A．disappointedB．confusedC．worriedD．shocked【小題15】A．staredB．glancedC．glaredD．looked【小題16】A．poorB．slightC．a(chǎn)bsoluteD．a(chǎn)mazing【小題17】A．dilemmaB．factC．storyD．topic【小題18】A．dutyB．sightC．wonderD．a(chǎn)rt【小題19】A．busyB．previousC．emptyD．happy【小題20】A．takinginB．takingoffC．takingdownD．takingover四、根據(jù)漢語意思填寫單詞Ifshehadfurtherconsideredtheproblem,shemighthavecometothecorrect（結(jié)論）.（根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫）Theynotedthat（早先的，先前的）researchhadfoundthatchangesindiethadapermanentaffectonbodyweightonlyafteraboutsixyears.（根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫）Herworrymakesitimpossibleforherto（集中精力，全神貫注于）onherwork.（根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫）Wearefirmly（反對的）toanyforeigncountriesprovidingplatformforheranti-Chinaseparatistactivities.（根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫）Ihadsomuch（擔(dān)心，焦慮）thatIwouldwakeupinthemiddleofnightandstaredattheceiling.（根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫）Nowhehaswrittenaneasy-to-readbookthatwill（對……有吸弓丨力）toanyoneinterestedinlearningthesecretofbusinesssuccess.（根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫）Thereisno（懷疑）thatyourperformanceissatisfactory.（根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫）Theremustbesome（明顯的）connectionbetweentheimagesyouuseandthepointsyouaretryingtomake.（根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫）Itwasn'tuntilafterIfinishedreadingthewholebookthatI（最后，終于）startedtounderstandwhattheauthorwastryingtotellme.（根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫）Itislikelytobehardto（說服，勸說）mainstreaminvestorstoputmoneyintosomethingsonewandwithsuchuncertainreturns.（根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫）五、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文閱讀下面短文，結(jié)合語境在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ScientistshavebeenattemptingtosendhumanstoMars.ResearchersfromNASAare【小題1】（current）tryingtofindoutwhatkindofplantscouldgrowonMars,hopingastronautswillbeabletogrowtheirownfoodthere.ThejourneytoMarscouldtakeup【小題2】two-and-a-halfyears.Theastronauts【小題3】（take）enoughfoodjusttolastforthejourney.TheywillgrowtheirownvegetablesandotherplantsonMars.However,NASAsaidtheywouldhavetroublein【小題4】（grow）thingsontheirownbecausethesoilisnotgoodenough.NowresearchersfromNASA【小題5】（test）special“Martiangardens”toseewhatplantsmightgrowonMars.Theyhaveusedaspecialsoil【小題6】（make）upofcrushedvolcanicrock;similartothesoilonM