英語名師講練大一輪復(fù)習(xí)外研版通用核心素養(yǎng)測評四必修1Module4ASocialSurvey-MyNeighbourhood

溫馨提示：此套題為Word版，請按住Ctrl,滑動鼠標(biāo)滾軸，調(diào)節(jié)合適的觀看比例，答案解析附后。關(guān)閉Word文檔返回原板塊。核心素養(yǎng)測評四必修1Module4ASocialSurvey—MyNeighbourhood(限時35分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2020·煙臺模擬)ChildreninruralareasofCambodiaoftensufferfromorevendieofpreventableillnessesbecausethereisnotanysoapavailable.In2014,SamirLakhani,anAmericancollegestudent,sawtheissuewhilevolunteeringinaCambodianvillage.“Irememberquitevividlyamotherbathinghernewbornbabywithlaundrypowder,whichissoharmfultotheskin,”saidLakhani.“It’sdifficultforruralCambodianstoaccesssoap.Firstisaffordability.Ifyouearnonly$1.50everyday,youwon’tspend$1onabarofsoap.Thenesaccess.Thedemandissolowthatlocalshopsdon’tstocksoap.Thelastreason,becausemanyCambodiansdon’treallyunderstandwherediseasesefrom,theydon’tknowhowtopreventthem,includingusingsoap.”Afterfiguringoutasolutiontotheproblem:thebarelyusedsoapinhotels,Lakhanistartedaskinghotelstodonateleftoversoap.“Theywerealleagertohelp,”heexplained.LakhaniregisteredEcoSoapBankshortlyafterwards.Soon,hereceivedenoughfundstohiredisadvantagedCambodianwomentocollectandreproducetheusedsoap.Today,theorganizationhasfourrecyclingcentersacrossthecountry,providingjobsfor35localwomen.Andsofar,some174,000barsofsoaphavebeendonated,about24,000poundsofsoaphasbeenrecycled,andhygiene(衛(wèi)生)hasbeenimprovedforabout661,000people.“Wearekillingthreebirdswithonestone,”Lakhanisaid.

WhenitestothefutureofEcoSoapBank,Lakhanisaid,“We’vejustscratchedthesurface.LackofhygieneisnotsomethinguniquetoCambodia.Thedemandforimprovedhygieneinthedevelopingworldishuge,andmuchremainstobedone.We’relookingatsevencountriestoexpandtointhenearfuture.”【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章通過描述生態(tài)香皂銀行:EcoSoapBank對于促進(jìn)柬埔寨農(nóng)村衛(wèi)生條件改善、促進(jìn)就業(yè)以及廢物利用的積極作用為例,說明了將來它會對改善發(fā)展中國家的衛(wèi)生條件作出巨大貢獻(xiàn)。1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasthereasonwhyruralCambodiansdon’tusesoap?A.Poverty. B.Inaccessibility.C.Unawareness. D.Tradition.【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Firstisaffordability.Ifyouearnonly$1.50everyday,youwon’tspend$1onabarofsoap.Thenesaccess.Thedemandissolowthatlocalshopsdon’tstocksoap.Thelastreason,becausemanyCambodiansdon’treallyunderstandwherediseasesefrom,theydon’tknowhowtopreventthem,includingusingsoap.”可知貧窮、香皂難購買以及沒有使用意識是柬埔寨農(nóng)村人不使用香皂的三點(diǎn)原因,其中并沒有提到傳統(tǒng)。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“killingthreebirds”inParagraph5referto?A.Savingsoap,curingdiseasesandprovidingeducation.B.Stoppingpollution,providingjobsandinspiringdonation.C.Reducingwaste,providingemploymentandimprovinghealth.D.Recyclingwaste,helpingcharityandimprovingmunityhygiene.【解析】選C。詞義猜測題。由第四段Soon,hereceivedenoughfundstohiredisadvantagedCambodianwomentocollectandreproducetheusedsoap.可知用這種方法為有殘疾的柬埔寨女性提供了就業(yè);倒數(shù)第二段Andsofar,some174,000barsofsoaphavebeendonated,about24,000poundsofsoaphasbeenrecycled,andhygienehasbeenimprovedforabout661,000people.可知廢棄香皂得到了回收,衛(wèi)生健康得到了改善。故可推測劃線部分指的是減少了浪費(fèi),提供了就業(yè)和改善了健康。3.WhatcanweinferaboutEcoSoapBank?A.Itwon’tbelongbeforeitexpandstothewholeworld.B.There’slittleitcandowithoutothercountries’assistance.C.Itwillmakegreatercontributionstothedevelopingworld.D.ItwillsoonsettletheproblemofpoorhygieneinCambodia.【解析】選C。推理判斷題。由最后一段Thedemandforimprovedhygieneinthedevelopingworldishuge,andmuchremainstobedone.可知,生態(tài)香皂銀行會對將來改善發(fā)展中國家的衛(wèi)生條件作出巨大貢獻(xiàn)。4.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.EcoSoapBankhelpsimprovehygiene.B.Cambodianwomenhaveabrightfuture.C.AUSyoungmancallsforhelpingpoorcountries.D.Lackofhygieneremainsaseriousproblemintheworld.【解析】選A。主旨大意題。文章主要以生態(tài)香皂銀行對于改善柬埔寨農(nóng)村衛(wèi)生條件為例,說明了生態(tài)香皂銀行將會對于發(fā)展中國家衛(wèi)生條件的改善起到重大作用。【知識拓展】佳詞積累1.sufferfrom...遭受……之苦2.available adj.可用的3.issue n.問題4.vividly adv.生動地5.laundry n.洗衣店,要洗的衣服6.donate v.捐贈長難句分析“Irememberquitevividlyamotherbathinghernewbornbabywithlaundrypowder,whichissoharmfultotheskin,”saidLakhani.分析:在直接引語中,bathing作賓語amother的補(bǔ)足語,which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。翻譯:Lakhani說:“我清楚地記得一位母親用洗衣粉給新生嬰兒洗澡,這對嬰兒的皮膚是非常有傷害的。”背景鏈接衛(wèi)生問題是柬埔寨面臨的最主要的挑戰(zhàn)之一。兒童是最主要的受影響人群,他們成為腹瀉和呼吸道感染的受害者。簡單地用香皂洗手就可以有效地預(yù)防這樣的感染。然而,對于許多柬埔寨人,香皂是奢侈品。當(dāng)美國青年薩米爾(SamirLakhani)親眼看到一位柬埔寨的母親用洗衣粉幫她的孩子洗澡時,他驚呆了。他想為此做點(diǎn)什么。回到美國后,薩米爾開始為這個項(xiàng)目眾籌,并于2014年成立了一個名為“生態(tài)香皂銀行”(EcoSoapBank)的非營利組織。BAmathandphysicsteacherfromruralKenya,whogivesaway80%ofhismonthlyinetohelpthepoor,haswona$1millionprize.PeterTabichiwasawardedtheGlobalTeacherPrizeonSunday.HeteachesataruralKenyanschoolinPwaniVillage,withonlyoneputer,poorInternetandastudentteacherratio(比率)of58∶1.Nearlyallhisstudentsarefrompoorfamilies,andalmostathirdofthemhavenoparentsoronlyoneparentalive.TabichigetsonlineeducationalcontentbyvisitingInternetcafesandusesitofflineinclass.Heguidedtheschool’sscienceclub,inwhichstudentsnowpeteinnationalandinternationalpetitions.ThemathematicalscienceteamqualifiedtopeteintheINTELInternationalScienceandEngineeringFairthisyearinArizona.HisstudentsalsowonanawardfromtheRoyalSocietyofChemistryafterusinglocalplantlifetoproduceelectricity.“Thisprizedoesnotrecognizemebutrecognizesthisgreatcontinent’syoungpeople,”Tabichisaid.Hisstudentsfacemanychallenges,includingfoodshortage,drugabuse,teenagepregnanciesandyoungmarriages.YetattheKerikoMixedDaySecondarySchoolwhereTabichiteaches,thenumberofstudentshasdoubledoverthreeyearsandmoreofthestudentsaregoingontocollege.Tabichiwaschosenfrom10,000applicantsin180countries.HeacceptedtheawardfromactorHughJackman.TheannualGlobalTeacherPrizewasfirstlaunchedin2014bySunnyVarkey,founderandchairmanofGEMSEducation.Nowinitsfifthyear,theGlobalTeacherPrizeisthelargestofitskind.The$1millionawardispresentedtoanexceptionalteacherwhohasmadeanoutstandingcontributiontohisprofession.【文章大意】這是一篇記敘文。主要敘述了一位來自肯尼亞的農(nóng)村教師,將自己80%的月收入用于幫助自己的貧困學(xué)生而贏得了一百萬美元獎金的故事。他的學(xué)生在他的幫助下表現(xiàn)出了巨大的潛力。5.WhatdoweknowaboutPeterTabichi?A.Heenjoysahighenoughinetohelpthepoor.B.Hemakesadifferencetomanyofhisstudents’life.C.HedoesonlineteachinginInternetcafessometimes.D.Hehelpstakecareofparentlessstudents’dailylife.【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段AmathandphysicsteacherfromruralKenya,whogivesaway80%ofhismonthlyinetohelpthepoor,haswona$1millionprize.可知PeterTabichi將自己80%的月收入用于幫助貧困學(xué)生,并改變了許多學(xué)生的生活。6.WhatdoweknowaboutPeterTabichi’sstudents?A.TheysolvedtheproblemofelectricitysupplyinPwani.B.Theyaretrainedtopeteforvariousacademicawards.C.TheyshowgreatpotentialwiththehelpofPeterTabichi.D.Theypersuadetheirfriendstogotoschooltogether.【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段HisstudentsalsowonanawardfromtheRoyalSocietyofChemistryafterusinglocalplantlifetoproduceelectricity.可知他的學(xué)生利用當(dāng)?shù)氐闹参飦戆l(fā)電,獲得了英國皇家化學(xué)學(xué)會頒發(fā)的獎項(xiàng)?？赏浦膶W(xué)生在他的幫助下顯示出了巨大的潛力。7.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhelastparagraph?A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.B.Providesomeadviceforthereaders.C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Tabichiwaschosenfrom10,000applicantsin180countries.以及段落主要內(nèi)容可知,本段主要對Tabichi獲獎的背景知識進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充。8.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ARuralKenyanTeacherGuidesStudentsinpetitionsB.ARuralKenyanTeacherChangesStudents’LifePathC.ARuralKenyanTeacherDonatesMoneytothePoorD.ARuralKenyanTeacherIsAwardeda$1MillionPrize【解析】選D。標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)文章第一段AmathandphysicsteacherfromruralKenya,whogivesaway80%ofhismonthlyinetohelpthepoor,haswona$1millionprize.以及文章主要內(nèi)容可知,本文主要圍繞一位來自肯尼亞農(nóng)村的數(shù)學(xué)和物理老師贏得了100萬美元獎金的事跡進(jìn)行展開?！局R拓展】佳詞積累1.inen. 收入2.awardvt.&n. 授予獎勵;獎勵3.contentn. 內(nèi)容4.petevi. 競爭5.challengen.&v. 挑戰(zhàn)6.presentvt.&n. 呈現(xiàn),頒發(fā);禮物長難句分析AmathandphysicsteacherfromruralKenya,whogivesaway80%ofhismonthlyinetohelpthepoor,haswona$1millionprize.分析:who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,修飾Amathandphysicsteacher。giveaway泄露,捐贈,在本文中意為“捐贈”。翻譯:一位來自肯尼亞教授數(shù)學(xué)和物理的農(nóng)村教師,將自己80%的月收入用于幫助貧困學(xué)生,并贏得了一百萬美元的獎金。背景鏈接GlobalTeacherPrize:“全球教師獎”由瓦爾基基金會主辦,致力于改進(jìn)貧困孩子的教育,有“諾貝爾教學(xué)獎”之稱,旨在表彰教師獲得的成就以及對教育界作出的貢獻(xiàn)。2019年3月24日,肯尼亞教師彼得·塔比奇榮獲2019年“全球教師獎”,24日在阿聯(lián)酋迪拜出席頒獎典禮,領(lǐng)取100萬美元獎金。Ⅱ.完形填空Onedayaprofessorenteredtheclassroomandaskedhisstudentstoprepareforasurprisetest.Theywaitedanxiouslyattheirdesksforthetesttobegin.Theprofessor1thequestionpapers,withthetextfacingdownasusual.2hehandedthemallout,heaskedhisstudentsto3thepageandbegin.Toeveryone’ssurprise,therewereno4,justablackdot(點(diǎn))inthecenterofthepage.Theprofessor,seeingtheexpressiononeveryone’sface,toldthemthefollowing:

“Iwantyoutowritewhatyou5there.”

Thestudents,thoroughly6,gotstartedontheinexplicable(費(fèi)解的)task.Attheendoftheclass,theprofessor7alltheanswerpapersandstartedreadingeachoneofthemaloudinfrontofallthestudents.Allofthem,withno8,describedtheblackdot,tryingtoexplainitspositioninthemiddleofthesheet,etc.Afterallhadbeen9,theclassroomwassilent,theprofessorbegantoexplain:

“I’mnotgoingtogradethis.I10wantedtogiveyousomethingtothinkabout.Noonewroteaboutthe11partofthepaper.Everyonefocusedontheblackdot,andthesamehappensinour12.Wehaveawhitepapertoobserveand13,butwealwaysfocusonthedarkspots.Ourlifeisa14giventouswithloveandcareandwealwayshave15tocelebrate:naturerenewingitselfeveryday,ourfriendsaroundus,thejob16ourbreadandbutterandthemiraclesweseeeveryday.17,weinsistonfocusingonlyonthedarkspots:thehealthissuesthatbotherus,thelackofmoney,the18relationshipwithcolleagues,the19withafriend,andetc.

Thedarkspotsarevery20paredtoeverythingwehaveinourlives,buttheyaretheonesthatpolluteourminds.

【文章大意】這是一篇記敘文。講述了教授通過讓學(xué)生們做一份特殊的試卷而給學(xué)生們上了一堂生動的哲理課:不要太關(guān)注人生的不完美,要好好享受我們所擁有的美好。1.A.turnedup B.handedoutC.referredto D.pointedat【解析】選B。turnup出現(xiàn);handout分發(fā);referto提及;pointat指著。由下文hehandedthemallout可知教授進(jìn)教室后給學(xué)生們分發(fā)試卷。2.A.Since B.Until C.If D.After【解析】選D。根據(jù)語境可知此處要用after引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。3.A.turn B.shut C.open D.use【解析】選A。turn轉(zhuǎn)向,翻開;shut關(guān)上;open打開;use使用。根據(jù)andbegin可推知,教授要求學(xué)生們翻開試卷,開始答題。4.A.exercises B.choicesC.questions D.scores【解析】選C。exercise鍛煉;choice選擇;question問題;score分?jǐn)?shù)。根據(jù)上文thequestionpapers可知,令學(xué)生們吃驚的是,試卷上并沒有問題。5.A.remember B.imagineC.study D.see【解析】選D。remember記住;imagine想象;study學(xué)習(xí);see看見。句意:我想要你們寫出你們看到的內(nèi)容。6.A.surprised B.confusedC.curious D.displeased【解析】選B。surprised吃驚的;confused困惑的;curious好奇的;displeased生氣的。由上文Toeveryone’ssurprise和語境可推知學(xué)生們很困惑。7.A.marked B.finishedC.collected D.selected【解析】選C。mark標(biāo)記;finish結(jié)束,完成;collect收集;select挑選。由語境andstartedreadingeachoneofthemaloudinfrontofallthestudents可推知老師把分發(fā)下來的試卷收了上來。8.A.excuse B.wayC.explanation D.exception【解析】選D。excuse借口;way方式;explanation解釋;exception例外。根據(jù)語境Allofthem可推知,所有學(xué)生無一例外地描述了那個黑點(diǎn)。9.A.read B.answeredC.returned D.said【解析】選A。read閱讀;answer回答;return回到;say說。根據(jù)上文andstartedreadingeachoneofthemaloudinfrontofallthestudents可知在所有的試卷被閱讀完后。10.A.also B.just C.even D.finally【解析】選B。also也;just僅僅;even甚至;finally最終。根據(jù)語境可知,此處表強(qiáng)調(diào)和轉(zhuǎn)折,故用副詞just。11.A.big B.blackC.white D.beautiful【解析】選C。big大的;black黑的;white白色的;beautiful美麗的。根據(jù)下文awhitepaper可知沒人關(guān)注卷子的空白部分。12.A.studies B.classroomsC.colleges D.lives【解析】選D。study學(xué)習(xí);classroom教室;college大學(xué);life生活。由下文Ourlife可知,教授用這件事來比喻生活。13.A.enjoy B.keep C.send D.show【解析】選A。enjoy欣賞;keep保持;send發(fā)送;show展示。句意:我們有一張白紙可以拿來觀察和欣賞,但我們總是只關(guān)注黑點(diǎn)。14.A.burden B.giftC.pressure D.lesson【解析】選B。burden負(fù)擔(dān);gift禮物;pressure壓力;lesson課程。根據(jù)語境tocelebrate可推知,我們的生活是一個充滿關(guān)愛的禮物。15.A.reasons B.limeC.freedom D.festivals【解析】選A。reason理由;lime石灰;freedom自由;festival節(jié)日。根據(jù)語境always和tocelebrate以及下文列舉的naturerenewingitself...themiraclesweseeeveryday可推知我們總是有理由去慶祝。16.A.threatening B.ruiningC.providing D.changing【解析】選C。threaten威脅;ruin毀滅;provide提供;change改變。根據(jù)語境可知,此處表示“提供謀生的工作”。17.A.However B.ThereforeC.Besides D.Moreover【解析】選A。however然而;therefore因此;besides此外;moreover而且。根據(jù)語境可知,上下文表示邏輯上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。18.A.close B.tough C.special D.strong【解析】選B。close靠近的;tough艱難的;special特別的;strong強(qiáng)壯的。根據(jù)語境bother和lack以及thedarkspots可知此處是指與同事之間關(guān)系相處艱難。19.A.stay B.touchC.satisfaction D.disappointment【解析】選D。stay待在;touch觸碰;satisfaction滿意;disappointment失望。上文都是指生活中的不如意,可知此處是指對朋友的“失望”。20.A.dark B.round C.small D.dirty【解析】選C。dark黑暗的;round圓的;small小的;dirty臟的。根據(jù)上文justablackdotinthecenterofthepage可推知,黑點(diǎn)對整張試卷來講只占了很小的一個比例,人生的不完美亦是一樣的?！局R拓展】佳詞積累1.prepare v.準(zhǔn)備2.toone’ssurprise 令人感到驚訝的是3.expression n.表示;表達(dá);表情4.describe vt.描述5.explain v.解釋6.grade vt.&n.平分;等級;年級7.focuson 集中8.observe vt.觀察Ⅲ.語法填空(2020·江南十校聯(lián)考)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式XuLizhen,a74yearoldlady,hasbeenactingasatourguidefornearly20yearsinYangshuo,Guilin,1.isacityknownbothinChinaandabroadforitsbeautifullandscape.2.sheattendedonlyprimaryschoolwhenshewasyoung,shecannowspeakapproximately11foreignlanguages3.(fluent).Since20yearsago,tourists4.(show)affectionforYangshuo,includingagreatmanyforeigners.Inordertomakea5.(live),XuLizhenbegantosellwater.However,shecouldhardlymakeanymoneyatfirstbecauseforeignersdidn’tunderstandheraccent.Shetriedtoimitatethe6.(pronounce)oftheforeigners,takenotesandlearnthem7.heart.IfshecameacrosstouristswhocanspeakbothChineseandaforeignlanguage,shewouldaskthemtotranslatetheirwordsmanytimessothatshecouldrememberthem8.(well).Itisinthiswaythattheoldgrannymasters11languages,suchasEnglish,French,Russian,Korean.Now,shehasnodifficultyatall9.(municate)withforeignfriendsinsimpleoralEnglish.Sheisalso10.(refer)toasMotherMoonforherkindnessamongtourists.

【文章大意】本文介紹了陽朔被大家稱為MotherMoon的導(dǎo)游奶奶,雖然只有小學(xué)文化水平,為了謀生自學(xué)了11門外語。1.【解析】which?？疾槎ㄕZ從句?？崭袂坝卸禾?且空格后句子缺少主語,所以考查缺少主語的非限制性定語從句,關(guān)系詞只能從who與which中選擇。又因?yàn)橄刃性~為Yangshuo,是一個地名,故空格處填which。2.【解析】Though/Although/While?？疾檫B詞?！艾F(xiàn)在她能流利地說大約11種語言”,可知這兩句話之間是轉(zhuǎn)折讓步關(guān)系。所以此處可以用連詞Though/Although/While引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,表示“盡管”。3.【解析】fluently?？疾楦痹~?？崭裰苯有揎梽釉~speak,應(yīng)用fluent的副詞形式。故填fluently。4.【解析】haveshown?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時。根據(jù)時間狀語Since20yearsago可知,此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。故填haveshown。5.【解析】living。考查固定搭配。makealiving謀生。6.【解析】pronunciation?？疾槊~。此處表示她試著模仿外國人的發(fā)音,屬于“the+名詞+of”的結(jié)構(gòu)。pronounce的名詞形式為pronunciation。故填pronunciation。7.【解析】by?？疾榻樵~。句意:她試著模仿外國人的發(fā)音,記筆記,然后再記住?！發(fā)earnbyheart”意為“記住”。故填by。8.【解析】better?？疾楦痹~的比較級。句意:如果她遇到既會說漢語又會說其他外語的游客,她就會讓他們多翻譯幾次,這樣她好記得更好?？崭裥揎梽釉~remember,需用副詞形式。這一句與上一句是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系,“記得更好”要用副詞比較級。故填better。9.【解析】municating?？疾榉侵^語動詞。“做某事沒有困難”常用短語havenodifficulty(in)doingsth.。故填municating。10.【解析】referred?？疾楸粍诱Z態(tài)。句意:她還被稱作月亮母親。bereferredtoas...“被稱作……”。故填referred。語法填空(2020·懷化模擬)WhenIwasinthemiddleschool,Ifoundedastudentclub1.(name)“greenplanet”inspiredbyChaiJing’sdocumentaryUndertheDome.Atfirstfewpeopleknewthisclub.Asaresult,wehadonly15members.AndI2.(laugh)atforbeingcrazy.However,Ididn’tloseheartandIinsisted.Everyday,weclubmembersbroadcastweatherreportsandPM2.5levels.Wethenpublishedarticlesandpicturesoftheserious3.(pollute)ofthecityontheschoolwebsite.Meanwhile,myclubalsosharessuggestions4.howtolivealowcarbonlifeontheschoolboard,forexample,takepublictransportationorcarpooltoschool;do5.(little)shoppingandsoon.

6.timewentby,moreandmorestudentsshowedgreatinterestinourclub.Andluckily,Ipersuadedmyheadmastertojoinus.Afterwhatseemedagesofwaiting,theclubwasfinallyacceptedbythemajorityof