3000字機(jī)械英文翻譯

#/9hoistCraneHavematerialtocarrytheimportantcomponentishavingbecomehumanbeingindustry,thehistorybeingmorethanfivethousandyearsawayfromnowalready.Degreeriseexpanding,automatingwithproducingscale's,asimportantmaterialflittingequipmentcraneapplicationismoreandmorebroadinmodernizedprocedureofproduction,theeffectisbiggerandbigger,therequesttothecraneisalsomoreandmorehigher.Thecraneisexperiencinggiganticonetransforming.Sincecommercialrunscaleceaselessnessexpands,theefficacyimprovesgradually,increasebygraduallyaswellasmaterialloadsandunloadsthewhatcosttakesupproportioncarryinginproductprocedureofproduction,urgelarge-scaleorhigh-speedcraneneedamountstoincreasebyunceasingly.Andbatchofweightisbiggerandbigger,theoperatingrateismoreandmorehigh,bringforwardhigherrequesttoenergyconsumptionandreliability.Thecranealreadybecomesimportantlinkinautomaticproductiontechnologicalprocess.Thecraneaskstheeasytohandle,easyupkeep,moreoversecuritytobeclosefriendsnotonly,reliabilityneedsheight,demandtohaveoutstandingdurability,thesexfault-free,beingmaintainedandtouseeconomy.Intheworldisatpresentmaximalthecraneroaminggetsweightamountto6,500t,themaximalcrawlercranegetsweightamountto3,000t,themaximalbridgecranegetsweightbe1,200t,themaximumloadingandunloadingthebridgehandcartnearcontainerthebankrunsspeedalreadyamountto350m/min,thatthestackingcranemaximumrunsspeedis240m/min,speedamountsto100m/minstartingfromwhentherefusedisposalusesacrane's.Industrymodeofproductionanddiversityofconsumerneed,themarketplaceusingthespecialusecraneexpandsunceasingly,breedrenewsalsounceasingly,satisfypeculiarneed,bringtheoptimumefficacyintoplayoutwithproperfunction.Themetallurgy,examinestheelectricity,papermaking,therefusedisposalspecialusecraneforinstance,explosionprotection,antisepsis,insulationcraneareinthepastmorestrongcomparingwiththerailroad,boatandship,containerspecialusecranefunctionescalation,ceaselessriseoffunction,adaptability.TheGermanyDamagecompanyhasdevelopedoutonekindofaircraftkeepingthespecialusecranetakinggoodcareofinrepair,hasopenedupsaleininternationalmarket.Thespanisbig,batch,thealtitudeisbig,butthefaultstridesover,theaccuracyparkingistallerthanonthiscranebeinginstalledinbuildingstructure.Installationhasmanyfestivalstostretchoutanddrawbackaconduitpipebelowliftinghandcart,theplatformbeingmaintainedwiththeaircraftislinkedtogether,maydo360degreeofrevolutiontogether.Displacement,conduitpipepromotionanddemotionandrevolutionbythecartandthehandcartmaymaketheplatformbeingmaintainedgettoanyaircraftlocation,thesumcarryingouttheaircraftupkeepismend,extremelyrapidconvenient.Usemodularizationtodesignthecompletemachinedesignproceduresreplacetradition,theidenticalwithuppercranefunctionbasiccomponent,componentandpartaremadefromhavingvarioususe,havetheidenticallinkupkeyelementtocomposeinreplyastandardmoduleinterchangeable,mutualitybybeingunlikeamoduleconstitutes,formthecranebeingunlikethetypeandspecification.Beinprogresstothecraneimprovement,needspecificallyforsomeseveralmodules.Themoduledesigningthenewmodelcrane,needingselectingandusingdiversitycarriesoutcombinationagain.ThemodulechangingChenghavingbatchessuitableproducesthecranemaymakeastickmass-produceforashorttime,highefficiencyspecializationofdifferentpartsofproduction,theenterprisechildbirthorganizerealizationalsomaybecomemoduleadministrationfrommanagementofproduct.Reachtheimprovementcompletemachinefunction,reducecostofmanufacture,improvebeappliedoruseduniversallydegree,usesbecomposedofmanybreeds,manyspecificationseriesofproductsoflessspecificationnumberscomponentandpart,tosatisfytheconsumerneedsufficiently.Atpresent,Germany,UnitedKingdom,France,USAandJapanesefamouscranecompanyhaveadoptcranemodularizationdesignallalready,havegotandnotablebeneficialresult.ThestandardofGermanyDamagecompanycraneseriesswitchesovertousemodularizationtodesignthedayaftertomorrowis12%lowercomparedwiththedesigncostthatthestickdesigns,costofproductioncomesdown45%,theeconomiceffectisveryconsiderable.OnekindofKBKflexibilitycombinationstyletheGermanyDamagecompanyhasbeendevelopedfliesacrane,thecranesteelstructureiscomposedofcoldrollingtypetrack,thecranerunsacircuitbutstridesover,ischangedintogaugealongproducingaprocessflowhavingarbitrarily,arrangedaforktomaketurn,buthad.Allcomponentsallmayrealizemassproduction,therouteneedandconcretematerialstilldifferentaccordingtotheconsumerarecarriedbecomesvariouscomponentcombinationcollocationnamelywithinshorttime..Thiscranecompositionalityisverygood,operationcanfullyutilizeconveniently,space,workingcostarelow.Havehandmovement,thevoluntarilyvariousform,canbecomposedofsuspensionsystem,Shanflyingthecrane,pairofbeamsflythecrane,cantilevercrane,lightportalcraneandhandmovementstackingcrane,canbecomposedoflarge-scaleautomationmaterialcarryingsystemeven.Thebatchescranesarethatusage,thejobarenotverystrenuousintheoccasionbeingappliedoruseduniversally.Thiskindofcranebatchesbig,arewidelyused,thinkthattheheddleagreeswellwithbeneficialresultconsiderably,requirethatthecranereducesexternalformtothefullfacilitatingstructurehighly,diminishtheself-respectandwheel-pressure,also,maymaketheentirebuildingcomedownhighly,buildstructurelight,reducecostofconstruction.Thethereforeelectricbottlegourdbridgecraneandthedyadicbeamliftingchancehavequickerdevelopment,smalltonnageinmajorpartbeingreplacedtogethersortusebridgecrane.TheGermanyDamagecompanyseveraltensyearsofexploitationandFOAKpasses,serieshavingalreadyformedalightdyadiccombinationstandardcrane.Getweightfortherankworking1-63tons,isA1-A7,pairofbeamswaitfortheentireseriestobebreedcompositionmorebyI-shapedandboxtypeShan,suspensionboxshapeShan,angle-typehandcartboxshapeShanandboxshape.Themainbeamandtheendbeamconnectwithaswellasliftinghandcartarrangementhasthevariouspattern,maybesuitabletotherequestbeingunlikeabuildingandbeingunlikeslingheight.Accordingtoconsumerneed,everykindofspecificationcranehasthreekindsShanspeedandprovidesthespeedregulationchoosingarbitrarily,beingabletoselectandusefrequencyconversionthreekindsofpairquickly.Controlwayhavingfloordoorpropermotiondisplacement,doortofollowhandcartdisplacement,doorfixed,wirelessremotecontrol,driver'scagefixation,driver'scagetofollowsevenkindssuchashandcartdisplacement,driver'scagepropermotiondisplacementtochoose.Thecartandthehandcartcurrentsupplyhavethecablehandcarttoconductelectricity,DVSsystemgrowsway.Choosinganitemmuchlikethis,mayarrangehundredsandthousandsofkindofcraneingroups,satisfydifferentneedofconsumersufficientlybydifferentcombination.Thiscraneanothermaximalmeritislight,theself-respectislight,wheel-pressureislight,externalformthedimensionishighlysmall,mayreduceworkshopbuildingconstructioncostgreatly,maydiminishthecraneoperationpowerandruncostatthesametimealso.Starttocompare,weightwiththegeneralgoodsbeing10t,spans22.5ms,thepairofdyadicbeambridgecranesself-respectbeingappliedoruseduniversallyis24t,abovecranetrackfacehighly1876mms,cranewidth5980mms;Damagecraneself-respecthasonlyhad8.7t,weighthasmadelightof176%,thecranehasreduced104%highlyabovetrackfacefor920mms,cranehasbeen2980mmsinwidth,externalformthedimensiondecreasesby100%.Cranerenewalanddevelopment,dependonelectricdriveandtheimprovementcontrollingtoagreatextent.Themachinerytechnologyandtheelectrontechnologyislookedatandappraisedbeingtiedinwedlock,driveandapplyingadvancedcomputerart,microelectronicstechnology,electricpowerelectrontechnology,opticalcabletechnology,hydraulicpressuretechnology,blurredcontroltechniquetomachinery,realizethecraneautomationandintellectualized.Thenewlarge-scalehigh-effectcranegenerationelectriccontroldevicealreadydevelopsforentireelectrondigitization.Becomposedofentiredigitizationequipmentsuchascontrollingadrivingdevice,mayweavetheprogramcontroller,malfunctiondiagnoseanddatamanagementsystem,digitizecontrollinggivendetectingmainly.Datacommunication,themalfunctioncontrolvaryingvoltagefrequencyconversionspeedregulation,radiofrequencyfromexaminingsupervisorycontrol,slingsforliftingloadsguardingagainstmixingupswaying,laserseeksthecentreofgravitycraningathing,nearfieldinductionguardsagainstthecollisiontechnology,thescenehighway,carrierwavecommunicationandcontrolling,therebeingnothecontactcurrentsupplyandthreedimensionalbarcodetechnologyandsoonwillbeappliedbroadly.Makeacranehavehigherflexibility,levelproducingapattern,improvingtheautomationofsinglewiththeflexibilitybeingsuitabletomuchlittlebatchbatches.Prioritydevelopsthehigh-performancecenteringonmicroprocessorelectricdrivedevice,makeacranehavegoodspeedregulationcountymovingcharacteristicproperty,maycarryoutautocontrol,automationdisplayandpreciswriterhandling,workingcraneautomationprotectionandautomationdetecting,remotepeculiaroccasionremotecontrolwaits,toadapttotheautomaticproductionneed.Adoptlaseraidtoseekthecentre-of-gravitypositioncraningathing'sforinstance,thedevicejackethasanultrasonicsensortoleadtofetchthethingdevicegrabbingagoodsvoluntarilyinfetchingathing.Theautomationguardsagainstslingsforliftingloadsswayingsystemcan200m／min,accelerationmakethethingcraningswayamplitudecuttingtillseveralmillimetersveryquicklyinrunningspeedundercondition.Thecranemayfixpositionbythefactthatthemagneticfieldconverterorlaserreacheshigh-accuracy.Assemblenearfieldinducedsystemonthecrane,mutualitybetweenmayavoidacranecrashes.HaveassembledcertainlydiagnosePCsupervisorycontrolsystemonthecrane,havebeensystem'sturntobeabletoprovidemostroutinedefendingexaminationcontent,ifgearcasepaintsthetemperature,oillevel,thecarriagewheelaxlebearingtemperature,andcraneloading,strainshakingcondition,arresterfrictionlininglife-spanandtemperaturesituationetc.Machineryiscomposedofamaterialonbasisautomatingincranesingle,bythefactthatthecomputertransportsvariousliftingcarryingintegratedsystem,controllingbythecentralcontrolroom,productionfacilityisorganicallycombinedand,thechildbirthsystemharmonizesandcomposition.Thiskindofcraneautomationdegreehigh,hastheinformationprocessingfunction,thevariousinformationmayasensorbecheckedcomingoutputsmemory,arithmetic,logictreatmenttreatingsuchasjudging,varyingintopractice,issueacontrolcommandthentoactuatingmechanism.Thiskindofcranehasthefairlygoodinformationentering,outputinterface,realizesall,accurate,reliabletransmissionincarryingintegratedsysteminentirematerialofinformation.Thecranepassessystemintegration,canformthebestmatchandcombinationthatbeunlikemachinegrows,adoptstrongpointswhileovercomingone'sweakpoints,bringthebestefficacyintoplay.Prioritydevelopsatpresenthaveafactorytogivebirthtoachildcarryingautomaticsystem,flexibilityprocessesfabricationsystem,thecommercegoodsdistributioncollectsanddistributessystem,thecontainerloadsandunloadsdoingtheautomationsortingwrappingupagoodsandcarryingsystemandsooncarryingsystem,trafficandpostandtelecommunicationsbranch.SystemtheautomationproducingtheengineeringmachineryUSACarterPilecompanymetalstructuresplantforinstancehavingboughtamaterialgivingfirstplacetothebridgecraneiscarried,gushingbeingusedforsteelplatehandles,cuttingandtheautomationbeingputinstorageloadandunloadtheavailabilitycarryingschoolassignment,adoptsingleoperationthanformertohaveimproved65%.TheJapansmallriverKawasakifactoryusesthematerialthatthefull-automaticbridgecraneiscomposedoftotransporttheworkingprocedureorstorehousecomingtocarryflexibilityprocessingupperlineclampandworkpiecesystem,beingthatthemachinetoolconveysablankorthegoodwithtreatingpartdeliverstotimeassoonas.Thatthesystemthesecranemovinginspaceiscarriedhasreplacetheautomaticguidebeputintousegenerallyinthepasttocarryvehicle,makesworkshop'sfloorareabefullyutilized.Structureaspectadoptthin-wallthesectionbarandsteel,cutdownthearchitecturalmontagebrazingseam,riseresistwearyfunction.Adoptvarioushighstrengthlow-alloysteelnewmaterials,improveloadsupportcapability,improveacceptingforcecondition,theexternalformlighteningaself-respectandincreasingbyisbeautiful.Thebridgecranespanstructurepatternadoptboxshapefourbeamsstructuremostly,themainbeamandtheendbeamadopthigh-strengthboltlinkup,iseasytotransportandassemble.起重機(jī)有物料搬運(yùn)成了人類生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)的重要組成部分,距今已有五千多年的發(fā)展歷史。隨著生產(chǎn)規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大,自動(dòng)化程度的提高,作為物料搬運(yùn)重要設(shè)備的起重機(jī)在現(xiàn)代化生產(chǎn)過程中應(yīng)用越來越廣,作用愈來愈大,對(duì)起重機(jī)的要求也越來越高。起重機(jī)正經(jīng)歷著一場(chǎng)巨大的變革。由于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)規(guī)模的不斷擴(kuò)大，生產(chǎn)效率日益提高，以及產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)過程中物料裝卸搬運(yùn)費(fèi)用所占比例逐漸增加，促使大型或高速起重機(jī)的需求量不斷增長(zhǎng)。起重量越來越大，工作速度越來越高，并對(duì)能耗和可靠性提出更高的要求。起重機(jī)已成為自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)流程中的重要環(huán)節(jié)。起重機(jī)不但要容易操作，容易維護(hù)，而且安全性要好，可靠性要高，要求具有優(yōu)異的耐久性、無故障性、維修性和使用經(jīng)濟(jì)性。目前世界上最大的浮游起重機(jī)起重量達(dá)6,5001,最大的履帶起重機(jī)起重量達(dá)3,0001,最大的橋式起重機(jī)起重量為1,2001,集裝箱岸邊裝卸橋小車的最大運(yùn)行速度已達(dá)350m/min,堆垛起重機(jī)最大運(yùn)行速度是240m/min，垃圾處理用起重機(jī)的起升速度達(dá)100m/min。工業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式和用戶需求的多樣性,使專用起重機(jī)的市場(chǎng)不斷擴(kuò)大,品種也不斷更新,以特有的功能滿足特殊的需要,發(fā)揮出最佳的效用。例如冶金、核電、造紙、垃圾處理的專用起重機(jī)，防爆、防腐、絕緣起重機(jī)和鐵路、船舶、集裝箱專用起重機(jī)的功能不斷增加，性能不斷提高，適應(yīng)性比以往更強(qiáng)。德國(guó)德馬格公司研制出一種飛機(jī)維修保養(yǎng)的專用起重機(jī)，國(guó)際市場(chǎng)打開了銷路。這種起重機(jī)安裝在房屋結(jié)構(gòu)上，跨度大、起升高度大、可過跨、停車精度高。在起重小車下面安裝有多節(jié)伸縮導(dǎo)管，與飛機(jī)維修平臺(tái)相連，并可作360度旋轉(zhuǎn)。通過大車和小車的位移、導(dǎo)管的升降與旋轉(zhuǎn)可使維修平臺(tái)到達(dá)飛機(jī)的任一部位，進(jìn)行飛機(jī)的維護(hù)和修理，極為快捷方便。用模塊化設(shè)計(jì)代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)的整機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)方法，將起重機(jī)上功能基本相同的構(gòu)件、部件和零件制成有多種用途，有相同聯(lián)接要素和可互換的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模塊，通過不同模塊的相互組合，形成不同類型和規(guī)格的起重機(jī)。對(duì)起重機(jī)進(jìn)行改進(jìn)，只需針對(duì)某幾個(gè)模塊。設(shè)計(jì)新型起重機(jī)，只需選用不同模塊重新進(jìn)行組合?？墒箚渭∨可a(chǎn)的起重機(jī)改換成具有相當(dāng)批量的模塊生產(chǎn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)高效率的專業(yè)化生產(chǎn)，企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)組織也可由產(chǎn)品管理變?yōu)槟K管理。達(dá)到改善整機(jī)性能，降低制造成本，提高通用化程度，用較少規(guī)格數(shù)的零部件組成多品種、多規(guī)格的系列產(chǎn)品，充分滿足用戶需求。目前，德國(guó)、英國(guó)、法國(guó)、美國(guó)和日本的著名起重機(jī)公司都已采用起重機(jī)模塊化設(shè)計(jì)，并取得了顯著的效益。德國(guó)德馬格公司的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)起重機(jī)系列改用模塊化設(shè)計(jì)后，比單件設(shè)計(jì)的設(shè)計(jì)費(fèi)用下降12%，生產(chǎn)成本下降45%，經(jīng)濟(jì)效益十分可觀。德國(guó)德馬格公司還開發(fā)了一種KBK柔性組合式懸掛起重機(jī)，起重機(jī)的鋼結(jié)構(gòu)由冷軋型軌組合而成，起重機(jī)運(yùn)行線路可沿生產(chǎn)工藝流程任意布置，可有叉道、轉(zhuǎn)彎、過跨、變軌距。所有部件都可實(shí)現(xiàn)大批量生產(chǎn)，再根據(jù)用戶的不同需求和具體物料搬運(yùn)路線在短時(shí)間內(nèi)將各種部件組合搭配即成。這種起重機(jī)組合性非常好，操作方便，能充分利用空間，運(yùn)行成本低。有手動(dòng)、自動(dòng)多種形式，還能組成懸掛系統(tǒng)、單梁懸掛起重機(jī)、雙梁懸掛起重機(jī)、懸臂起重機(jī)、輕型門式起重機(jī)及手動(dòng)堆垛起重機(jī)，甚至能組成大型自動(dòng)化物料搬運(yùn)系統(tǒng)。批量的起重機(jī)是在通用的場(chǎng)合使用，工作并不很繁重。這類起重機(jī)批量大、用途廣，考慮綜合效益，要求起重機(jī)盡量降低外形高度，簡(jiǎn)化結(jié)構(gòu)，減小自重和輪壓，也可使整個(gè)建筑物高度下降，建筑結(jié)構(gòu)輕型化，降低造價(jià)。因此電動(dòng)葫蘆橋式起重機(jī)和梁式起重機(jī)會(huì)有更快的發(fā)展，并將大部分取代中小噸位的一般用途橋式起重機(jī)。德國(guó)德馬格公司經(jīng)過幾十年的開發(fā)和創(chuàng)新，已形成了一個(gè)輕型組合式的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)起重機(jī)系列。起重量為1-63噸，工作級(jí)別為A1-A7，整個(gè)系列由工字形和箱型單梁、懸掛箱形單梁、角形小車箱形單梁和箱形雙梁等多個(gè)品種組

成。主梁與端梁相接以及起重小車的布置有多種型式，可適合不同建筑物及不同起吊高度的要求。根據(jù)用戶需要每種規(guī)格起重機(jī)都有三種單速及三種雙速供任意選擇，調(diào)速。操縱還可以選用變頻方式有地面手電門自行移動(dòng)、手電門隨小車移動(dòng)、手電門固定、無線遙控、司機(jī)室固定、司機(jī)室隨小車移動(dòng)、司機(jī)室自行移動(dòng)等七種選擇。大車及小車的供電有電纜小車導(dǎo)電、DVS系統(tǒng)兩種方式。如此多的選擇項(xiàng)，通過不同的組合，可搭配成百上千種起重機(jī)，充分滿足用戶不同的需求。這種起重機(jī)的另一最大優(yōu)點(diǎn)是輕型化，寸高度小，可大大降低廠房建筑物的建造成本，同時(shí)也可減小起重機(jī)的運(yùn)行功率和運(yùn)行成本。自重輕、輪壓輕、外形尺與通用產(chǎn)品相比較，起重量為101,跨度22.5m,通用雙梁橋式起重機(jī)自重是241,起重機(jī)軌